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Week 3 Physical Capital - Course ON-LINE
Week 3 Physical Capital - Course ON-LINE

... Recall that in a competitive economy, factors of production will be paid their marginal products. To see why, consider the problem that a firm faces in deciding how much of a given factor of production to employ. For example, think about a firm that is deciding how many workers it should have on its ...
Planned economy
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... in a plan formulated by a central authority, usually by a government agency.[1][2] The justification for central planning is that the consolidation of economic resources can allow for the economy to take advantage of more perfect information when making decisions regarding investment and production. ...
Monthly Review | Stagnation and Financialization: The Nature of the
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... their standpoint. What is needed is increased spending of all kinds to get the economy moving again, initially through expanded government expenditure, but with the object of jump-starting private investment spending. In these terms not only is government deficit spending good, but so in a way is “w ...
Chapter 6
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... European balance of power. The following century became what Karl Polanyi referred to as “a hundred years’ peace” in Europe. After 1849, Britain adopted unilateral free trade, which cheapened the cost of raw materials for the British industry and opened up markets for the European and American expor ...
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... 1. The mean duration of unemployment always rises in recessions but in the 2007-2009 the rise was larger than ever before (text Fig. 3.13) 2. Four possible explanations for the increase include measurement issues, the extension of unemployment benefits, very large job losses, and a weak economic rec ...
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Chapter 7
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... John E.Roemer (1994), on the other hand, tried to solve the dilemma of market socialism by making it more like capitalism. In his "coupon socialism", every citizen is given a certain amount of coupons. The total value of coupons is equal to the total value of means of production in the society. Peop ...
What Is an Economy? - Doral Academy Preparatory
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Mankiw 5/e Chapter 8: Economic Growth II
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...  Increase incentives for private saving:  reduce capital gains tax, corporate income tax, estate tax as they discourage saving  replace federal income tax with a consumption tax  expand tax incentives for IRAs (individual retirement accounts) and other retirement ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 8: Economic Growth II
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... would be increasing. Happily, the value of a country's exports and impOlis is easy to determine. The current account, which is one of the elements of the balance of payments, is a ready measure for the total value of goods and services exported and imported. One objection to relying on the current a ...
Economic Sophistication in Nineteenth Century Congressional Tariff
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... debates, and its predecessor, the Annuls of CongressS for the earlier debates. Although the Annuls is not quite a primary source, being a compilation of the Congressional stenographers' notes, it records nearly all of the debates verbatim, and thus there is no serious discrepancy between the Annuls ...
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... 2.Revenues generated by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and property as a percentage of total government revenue. ...
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Economic democracy

Economic democracy or stakeholder democracy is a socioeconomic philosophy that proposes to shift decision-making power from corporate managers and corporate shareholders to a larger group of public stakeholders that includes workers, customers, suppliers, neighbors and the broader public. No single definition or approach encompasses economic democracy, but most proponents claim that modern property relations externalize costs, subordinate the general well-being to private profit, and deny the polity a democratic voice in economic policy decisions. In addition to these moral concerns, economic democracy makes practical claims, such as that it can compensate for capitalism's inherent effective demand gap.Classical liberals argue that ownership and control over the means of production belongs to private firms and can only be sustained by means of consumer choice, exercised daily in the marketplace. ""The capitalistic social order"", they claim, therefore, ""is an economic democracy in the strictest sense of the word"". Critics of this claim point out that consumers only vote on the value of the product when they make a purchase; they are not participating in the management of firms, or voting on how the profits are to be used.Proponents of economic democracy generally argue that modern capitalism periodically results in economic crises characterized by deficiency of effective demand, as society is unable to earn enough income to purchase its output production. Corporate monopoly of common resources typically creates artificial scarcity, resulting in socio-economic imbalances that restrict workers from access to economic opportunity and diminish consumer purchasing power. Economic democracy has been proposed as a component of larger socioeconomic ideologies, as a stand-alone theory, and as a variety of reform agendas. For example, as a means to securing full economic rights, it opens a path to full political rights, defined as including the former. Both market and non-market theories of economic democracy have been proposed. As a reform agenda, supporting theories and real-world examples range from decentralization and economic liberalization to democratic cooperatives, public banking, fair trade, and the regionalization of food production and currency.
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