ASEAN Connections
... through economic engagement and investment along the two trading routes. The potential benefits to the region are substantial; the World Bank has pointed out that OBOR could stimulate Asian and global economic growth and make it more sustainable. In particular, countries along the corridor—especiall ...
... through economic engagement and investment along the two trading routes. The potential benefits to the region are substantial; the World Bank has pointed out that OBOR could stimulate Asian and global economic growth and make it more sustainable. In particular, countries along the corridor—especiall ...
E Economic and Social Council United Nations
... the least developed countries. Total primary energy supply per capita is significantly lower in the Asia-Pacific least developed countries for which data are available than in Asia-Pacific landlocked developing countries, with the exception of Tajikistan. This is not surprising considering that many ...
... the least developed countries. Total primary energy supply per capita is significantly lower in the Asia-Pacific least developed countries for which data are available than in Asia-Pacific landlocked developing countries, with the exception of Tajikistan. This is not surprising considering that many ...
The Driving Forces of Economic Growth: Panel Data
... (e.g. Romer, 1986; Young, 1991) or R&D (e.g. Romer, 1990; Grossman and Helpman, 1991; Aghion and Howitt, 1992). With constant (or increasing) returns to (“broad”) capital, the long-term rate of growth becomes endogenous, in the sense that it depends on investment decisions which, in turn, could be i ...
... (e.g. Romer, 1986; Young, 1991) or R&D (e.g. Romer, 1990; Grossman and Helpman, 1991; Aghion and Howitt, 1992). With constant (or increasing) returns to (“broad”) capital, the long-term rate of growth becomes endogenous, in the sense that it depends on investment decisions which, in turn, could be i ...
International Dimensions Of Monetary And Fiscal Policy
... If other nations are to take the needs of Canadian economy into account, Canada must take the needs of other countries into account in determining its goals. ...
... If other nations are to take the needs of Canadian economy into account, Canada must take the needs of other countries into account in determining its goals. ...
Cambridge Pre-U Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes Cambridge
... Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included ...
... Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included ...
Climate policy and international trade
... greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A cost-e↵ective option is to set a price on CO2 either with an emissions trading system or an emissions tax. Some regions already have a pricing mechanism in place (e.g. EU ETS and California Cap-and-Trade), but a global system is currently unavailable under the varyi ...
... greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A cost-e↵ective option is to set a price on CO2 either with an emissions trading system or an emissions tax. Some regions already have a pricing mechanism in place (e.g. EU ETS and California Cap-and-Trade), but a global system is currently unavailable under the varyi ...
econs 1 - University of Maiduguri
... immaterial things including services of all kinds etc. This is the true net national income or revenue of the country or national dividend. Pigou, a devoted follower of marshalian thinking included the use of money as a measure of national income to the earlier definition made by marshal. To him, “n ...
... immaterial things including services of all kinds etc. This is the true net national income or revenue of the country or national dividend. Pigou, a devoted follower of marshalian thinking included the use of money as a measure of national income to the earlier definition made by marshal. To him, “n ...
Modeling Irish Unification
... financed by inter-governmental transfers from the UK. Unification would require that this deficit be financed and assumed by the ROI. However, unification would also eliminate the need for two parallel governmental structures in many domains and likely result in public spending in the north that dim ...
... financed by inter-governmental transfers from the UK. Unification would require that this deficit be financed and assumed by the ROI. However, unification would also eliminate the need for two parallel governmental structures in many domains and likely result in public spending in the north that dim ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PRODUCTIVITY, EXTERNAL BALANCE AND
... in our sample — Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK and US — di¤er in size and degree of openness.3 For each country, we run structural VARs, identifying productivity shocks in manufacturing using long-run restrictions as in Galí [1999], Francis and Ramey [2003], and Christiano, Eichenbaum and Vigfusson [ ...
... in our sample — Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK and US — di¤er in size and degree of openness.3 For each country, we run structural VARs, identifying productivity shocks in manufacturing using long-run restrictions as in Galí [1999], Francis and Ramey [2003], and Christiano, Eichenbaum and Vigfusson [ ...
Economic Growth II: Technology, Empirics, and
... applied this logic to explain rapid growth in Germany and Japan after World War II.) On the other hand, if two economies have different steady states, perhaps because the economies have different rates of saving, then we should not expect convergence. Instead, each economy will approach its own stea ...
... applied this logic to explain rapid growth in Germany and Japan after World War II.) On the other hand, if two economies have different steady states, perhaps because the economies have different rates of saving, then we should not expect convergence. Instead, each economy will approach its own stea ...
2016 Global Economic Outlook, October
... training; promoting capital investment, including in infrastructure as well as areas such as social protection; increasing spending on research and development; and reforming regulations. For the most part, developed economies continue to rely almost exclusively on monetary policy to support their p ...
... training; promoting capital investment, including in infrastructure as well as areas such as social protection; increasing spending on research and development; and reforming regulations. For the most part, developed economies continue to rely almost exclusively on monetary policy to support their p ...
COM COM(2007)
... cases tax windfalls, which may be of a temporary nature, were partly used to finance increases in government expenditure. This shift suggests a risk that past policy mistakes are being repeated. The current configuration of rapid economic growth and positive surprises in tax revenues closely resembl ...
... cases tax windfalls, which may be of a temporary nature, were partly used to finance increases in government expenditure. This shift suggests a risk that past policy mistakes are being repeated. The current configuration of rapid economic growth and positive surprises in tax revenues closely resembl ...
PDF Download
... At the institutional level one can analyze the nature of the institutions that govern the union. There can be little doubt that the European Union has now developed a whole set of institutions to which the member states have delegated part of their national sovereignty. There is an executive branch ...
... At the institutional level one can analyze the nature of the institutions that govern the union. There can be little doubt that the European Union has now developed a whole set of institutions to which the member states have delegated part of their national sovereignty. There is an executive branch ...
AFRICA`S GROWTH EXPERIENCE A Focus on Sources of Growth
... Africa included in the study by Pritchett (1998) have either gone through steep growth rollercoasters or remained stagnant throughout the last three decades. The consequence of the long period of stagnation in growth for a large number of African economies combined with high population growth rates ...
... Africa included in the study by Pritchett (1998) have either gone through steep growth rollercoasters or remained stagnant throughout the last three decades. The consequence of the long period of stagnation in growth for a large number of African economies combined with high population growth rates ...
Core` and Periphery` in the World Economy: An
... By dependence we mean a situation in which the economy of certain countries is conditioned by the development and expansion of another economy to which the former is subjected. The relation of interdependence between two or more economies, and between these and world trade, assumes the form of depen ...
... By dependence we mean a situation in which the economy of certain countries is conditioned by the development and expansion of another economy to which the former is subjected. The relation of interdependence between two or more economies, and between these and world trade, assumes the form of depen ...
E Conseil économique et social Nations Unies
... shows large variance across the Asia-Pacific CSN — ranging from 1.8 per cent in Myanmar to 15.6 per cent in the Marshall Islands in 2012. Much of the health expenditure, however, is private expenditure in most of these countries. Government health expenditure per capita is quite low in most of the A ...
... shows large variance across the Asia-Pacific CSN — ranging from 1.8 per cent in Myanmar to 15.6 per cent in the Marshall Islands in 2012. Much of the health expenditure, however, is private expenditure in most of these countries. Government health expenditure per capita is quite low in most of the A ...
Eurasian Union: a Challenge for the European Union and Eastern
... the aim of this integration project is geopolitical: Russian efforts to limit the opportunities of post-Soviet states to join the EU economic integration space, to take over strategic sectors of the economy of these Another important question is what the relation- countries and to split Europe into ...
... the aim of this integration project is geopolitical: Russian efforts to limit the opportunities of post-Soviet states to join the EU economic integration space, to take over strategic sectors of the economy of these Another important question is what the relation- countries and to split Europe into ...
Slides - James Ashley Morrison
... (Bailey, Goldstein & Weingast) • Welfare state: safety nets make populace more amenable to globalization (Rodrik) ...
... (Bailey, Goldstein & Weingast) • Welfare state: safety nets make populace more amenable to globalization (Rodrik) ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... selective survey of known national econometric models of Pacific Basin countries; and second, to evaluate the feasibility of linking a selected set of these models, one for each country, into a regional Pacific Basin model. Pacific Basin as used in this paper is defined as consisting of all countrie ...
... selective survey of known national econometric models of Pacific Basin countries; and second, to evaluate the feasibility of linking a selected set of these models, one for each country, into a regional Pacific Basin model. Pacific Basin as used in this paper is defined as consisting of all countrie ...
the resources boom and macroeconomic policy in australia
... incomes (point (i) below). The rise of nearly two‐thirds in $A export prices has contributed greatly to the incomes in $A of resource companies and of their domestic and foreign owners (point (ii) below). (i) Higher real incomes from lower import prices. As a result of the rise of ...
... incomes (point (i) below). The rise of nearly two‐thirds in $A export prices has contributed greatly to the incomes in $A of resource companies and of their domestic and foreign owners (point (ii) below). (i) Higher real incomes from lower import prices. As a result of the rise of ...
European Economic Integration in Econometric Modeling –
... Fourth, transaction costs differ according to the spatial validity of the rules under which they accrue, e.g., within a country, within a regional integration zone like the EU, or worldwide. Costs for land transport, for instance, often depend on the specific rules within each country; certain cross ...
... Fourth, transaction costs differ according to the spatial validity of the rules under which they accrue, e.g., within a country, within a regional integration zone like the EU, or worldwide. Costs for land transport, for instance, often depend on the specific rules within each country; certain cross ...
The Price of Capital - Harvard Business School
... One important issue is the need to price items many of which are not common to all countries. This raises issues for consumption goods (services, for example), but the ICP acknowledges particular problems associated with the pricing of capital goods (ICP Handbook Chapter 9). Capital goods can be muc ...
... One important issue is the need to price items many of which are not common to all countries. This raises issues for consumption goods (services, for example), but the ICP acknowledges particular problems associated with the pricing of capital goods (ICP Handbook Chapter 9). Capital goods can be muc ...
Institution Building and Growth in Transition
... extract economic rents and thus securing economic and political power in the post-transition society. We refer to these two opposite transition experiences as “catalytic transition” and “extractive transition”.7 We conjecture that the behavior of the elite during transition was largely determined by ...
... extract economic rents and thus securing economic and political power in the post-transition society. We refer to these two opposite transition experiences as “catalytic transition” and “extractive transition”.7 We conjecture that the behavior of the elite during transition was largely determined by ...
The Impacts of Vertical and Horizontal Export Diversification on Growth
... vary considerably in terms of technological, managerial and marketing skills. Accordingly, it is vertical integration that may require more advanced technology, skills and initial capital than horizontal diversification. Vertical diversification can also be more linked with higher learning possibili ...
... vary considerably in terms of technological, managerial and marketing skills. Accordingly, it is vertical integration that may require more advanced technology, skills and initial capital than horizontal diversification. Vertical diversification can also be more linked with higher learning possibili ...
WORD - UNCTAD Virtual Institute
... Figure 9: Structural changes in the composition of employment in agriculture and annual growth rates of GDP per capita, 1991–2012 (per cent and percentage points) ......................................... 23 Figure 10: Structural changes in the composition of employment in industry and annual growth ...
... Figure 9: Structural changes in the composition of employment in agriculture and annual growth rates of GDP per capita, 1991–2012 (per cent and percentage points) ......................................... 23 Figure 10: Structural changes in the composition of employment in industry and annual growth ...