The United States and the Large Emerging
... generally established the public and private institutions that are characteristic of an industrial country such as Canada, Australia, or most members of the European Union. At the same time, they are no longer poor or very poor because they have either experienced or are experiencing a period of rap ...
... generally established the public and private institutions that are characteristic of an industrial country such as Canada, Australia, or most members of the European Union. At the same time, they are no longer poor or very poor because they have either experienced or are experiencing a period of rap ...
Shipping Costs, Manufactured Exports, and
... insurance, handling, and shipping costs, but not including customs charges. The CIF/FOB band, which is our basic measure of shipping costs (SC) is defined as SC = (CIF/FOB) - 1. We measure shipping costs for each country from the point of view of the country’s imports, because that is how the data a ...
... insurance, handling, and shipping costs, but not including customs charges. The CIF/FOB band, which is our basic measure of shipping costs (SC) is defined as SC = (CIF/FOB) - 1. We measure shipping costs for each country from the point of view of the country’s imports, because that is how the data a ...
Dispersion in macroeconomic volatility between the core and
... shocks and an exogenous and fixed trade network. From the perspective of a single country embedded in a trade network, the network approach allows me to study the diffusion of domestic idiosyncratic shocks across the neighbors and aggregation of foreign shocks. This aspect of the model is close to ...
... shocks and an exogenous and fixed trade network. From the perspective of a single country embedded in a trade network, the network approach allows me to study the diffusion of domestic idiosyncratic shocks across the neighbors and aggregation of foreign shocks. This aspect of the model is close to ...
Industrial Policy for a sustainable growth path
... Industrial policy is back on the agenda and the consensus is that it must be different 'this time' from the past. We redefine industrial policy for industrialised countries as a strategy to promote 'high-road competitiveness', understood as the ability of an economy to achieve 'Beyond-GDP' Goals. 'H ...
... Industrial policy is back on the agenda and the consensus is that it must be different 'this time' from the past. We redefine industrial policy for industrialised countries as a strategy to promote 'high-road competitiveness', understood as the ability of an economy to achieve 'Beyond-GDP' Goals. 'H ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DOLLARIZATION, INFLATION AND GROWTH Sebastian Edwards I. Igal Magendzo
... In Table 2 we present, for the dollarized economies for which we have information, summary statistics on inflation, per capita GDP growth, and the standard deviation of growth. In order to put things in perspective we also present data on these three variables for an “unadjusted” control group that ...
... In Table 2 we present, for the dollarized economies for which we have information, summary statistics on inflation, per capita GDP growth, and the standard deviation of growth. In order to put things in perspective we also present data on these three variables for an “unadjusted” control group that ...
Measuring the real Impact of Imports on Jobs
... that the import growth of goods, adjusted for price changes, have been underestimated by roughly $117 billion since 2007 (in 2011 dollars). Moreover, we find undercounting real imports leads to a distortion in most of the official statistics that keep track of economic activity, including real GDP, ...
... that the import growth of goods, adjusted for price changes, have been underestimated by roughly $117 billion since 2007 (in 2011 dollars). Moreover, we find undercounting real imports leads to a distortion in most of the official statistics that keep track of economic activity, including real GDP, ...
Foreign Direct Investment for Development
... trigger. It is more difficult, however, to assess the magnitude of this impact, not least because large FDI inflows to developing countries often concur with unusually high growth rates triggered by unrelated factors. Whether, as sometimes asserted, the positive effects of FDI are mitigated by a par ...
... trigger. It is more difficult, however, to assess the magnitude of this impact, not least because large FDI inflows to developing countries often concur with unusually high growth rates triggered by unrelated factors. Whether, as sometimes asserted, the positive effects of FDI are mitigated by a par ...
Exposure to international crises: trade vs. financial contagion
... late 2000s global crisis period. During that period, issues originating in the US sub-prime mortgage and Eurozone debt markets spread globally with world real GDP growth slowing from 5.4% in 2007 to 2.8% in 2008 before contracting 0.6% in 2009.1 The late 2000s highlighted the importance of understan ...
... late 2000s global crisis period. During that period, issues originating in the US sub-prime mortgage and Eurozone debt markets spread globally with world real GDP growth slowing from 5.4% in 2007 to 2.8% in 2008 before contracting 0.6% in 2009.1 The late 2000s highlighted the importance of understan ...
cuba and vietnam: a new analysis of economic reforms
... governance and the country’s regulations play in the matrix of conditions that will enable a country to develop and the limitations imposed by the new regulatory structure of the World Trade Organization. It is a review of economic growth and development experience with a special emphasis on a discu ...
... governance and the country’s regulations play in the matrix of conditions that will enable a country to develop and the limitations imposed by the new regulatory structure of the World Trade Organization. It is a review of economic growth and development experience with a special emphasis on a discu ...
Towards an innovation-driven economy through industrial policy
... economy, than the role of government facilitation. On the one hand, any industrial policy that intervenes by dispensing government subsidies to businesses is automatically a policy of picking “winners” amongst industry players, as it concerns the decision about which firms the government wishes to s ...
... economy, than the role of government facilitation. On the one hand, any industrial policy that intervenes by dispensing government subsidies to businesses is automatically a policy of picking “winners” amongst industry players, as it concerns the decision about which firms the government wishes to s ...
DOES OPENNESS IMPLY GREATER EXPOSURE?*
... from endogeneity of trade to income levels or GDP growth, lack of robustness due to exclusion of relevant controls and/or use of inadequate data samples and estimation techniques. Rodrik and Rodriguez (2000) report that TO effects on growth are not robust to inclusion of geographic latitude and Rod ...
... from endogeneity of trade to income levels or GDP growth, lack of robustness due to exclusion of relevant controls and/or use of inadequate data samples and estimation techniques. Rodrik and Rodriguez (2000) report that TO effects on growth are not robust to inclusion of geographic latitude and Rod ...
Document
... revenue losses as Central America continues to move toward regional integration and greater trade liberalization (Paunovic 2005a). As a result, financing priority spending will require raising tax revenue and reorienting public expenditures (Desruelle and Schipke 2007). Under these circumstances, th ...
... revenue losses as Central America continues to move toward regional integration and greater trade liberalization (Paunovic 2005a). As a result, financing priority spending will require raising tax revenue and reorienting public expenditures (Desruelle and Schipke 2007). Under these circumstances, th ...
A Growth Path towards Full Employment
... number of ways: through the scourge of unemployment, an extremely flexible labour market in the form of casualisation, outsourcing and the use of labour brokers, the commodification of basic needs and the suppression of workers’ wages below productivity gains. All these factors are meant to break th ...
... number of ways: through the scourge of unemployment, an extremely flexible labour market in the form of casualisation, outsourcing and the use of labour brokers, the commodification of basic needs and the suppression of workers’ wages below productivity gains. All these factors are meant to break th ...
Technology Transfer and the Restructuring of New Market
... globalised and liberalised international context, traditional trade policy measures are losing ground, as a strong trend towards technological protectionism has emerged in the main technology- supplying countries; strategies on technology transfer are increasingly influenced by perceptions of the ap ...
... globalised and liberalised international context, traditional trade policy measures are losing ground, as a strong trend towards technological protectionism has emerged in the main technology- supplying countries; strategies on technology transfer are increasingly influenced by perceptions of the ap ...
ECUADOR: A Staunch U.S. Ally in the War Against Drugs Because
... Exports to the United States. Most of the bouquets of roses Americans send to their loved ones on Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day and other special occasions come from Ecuador. The United States is Ecuador's principal trading partner and largest market for Ecuadorian roses, accounting for over 60% of ...
... Exports to the United States. Most of the bouquets of roses Americans send to their loved ones on Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day and other special occasions come from Ecuador. The United States is Ecuador's principal trading partner and largest market for Ecuadorian roses, accounting for over 60% of ...
chapter iii balance of payments – theoretical
... expenditure or absorption (A= C + I d + G) by the amount of current account balance, or the difference between exports and imports of goods and services (including gifts), or X – M . In a nutshell, the current account balance (CAB) in a balance of payment statement implies – (a) the difference betwe ...
... expenditure or absorption (A= C + I d + G) by the amount of current account balance, or the difference between exports and imports of goods and services (including gifts), or X – M . In a nutshell, the current account balance (CAB) in a balance of payment statement implies – (a) the difference betwe ...
Understanding the Relationship between Economic
... employment in response to 1 percentage change in output. This measure has three notable shortcomings. First, it says nothing about the actual extent of job creation since a country that grew by 1% and enjoyed a 1% increase in employment would have the same employment elasticity rate as a country whi ...
... employment in response to 1 percentage change in output. This measure has three notable shortcomings. First, it says nothing about the actual extent of job creation since a country that grew by 1% and enjoyed a 1% increase in employment would have the same employment elasticity rate as a country whi ...
Recent Trends in Mongolian Foreign Trade with Northeast Asian
... - Petroleum, diesel fuel and petroleum products (tax rates vary by level of octane content and port of entry); - Automobiles, depending on cylinder capacity of engine and years in service; All merchandise exports are exempted from both customs and VAT duties, except a few items such as unprocessed c ...
... - Petroleum, diesel fuel and petroleum products (tax rates vary by level of octane content and port of entry); - Automobiles, depending on cylinder capacity of engine and years in service; All merchandise exports are exempted from both customs and VAT duties, except a few items such as unprocessed c ...
opening the pandora`s box? trade openness and informal
... I. Introduction Most economies around the globe are characterized by the presence of an informal sector, which does not comply with government regulations, but contributes to the total volume of goods and services in a country1; its size varying among nations, been relatively greater for developing ...
... I. Introduction Most economies around the globe are characterized by the presence of an informal sector, which does not comply with government regulations, but contributes to the total volume of goods and services in a country1; its size varying among nations, been relatively greater for developing ...
The New Tourism: the Growth of a New Middle Class and the
... visits to tourist destinations in Asia. Tourist arrivals to European destinations have increased approximately 16% from 2000 to 2010, while arrivals to Asian destinations have increased almost 80% over the decade. The increase in tourist activity among the newly middle-class consumers of Asia has b ...
... visits to tourist destinations in Asia. Tourist arrivals to European destinations have increased approximately 16% from 2000 to 2010, while arrivals to Asian destinations have increased almost 80% over the decade. The increase in tourist activity among the newly middle-class consumers of Asia has b ...
The Structure of Tariffs and Long-Term Growth
... ariffs can create allocative inefficiencies that reduce national income. There is thus a legitimate presumption that high average levels of tariffs are a poor policy choice. However, tariffs can also be used to raise national income provided the appropriate industry is chosen for protection. Example ...
... ariffs can create allocative inefficiencies that reduce national income. There is thus a legitimate presumption that high average levels of tariffs are a poor policy choice. However, tariffs can also be used to raise national income provided the appropriate industry is chosen for protection. Example ...
Skill biased heterogeneous firms, trade liberalization, and the skill
... (2002) provides a theoretical framework to explain this phenomenon, as well as the acceleration in the bias in favor of skilled labor post 1979 in the U.S. New technologies are embodied in new goods, and Xiang (2005) shows that new goods have higher skill intensity. Skill-biased technological hetero ...
... (2002) provides a theoretical framework to explain this phenomenon, as well as the acceleration in the bias in favor of skilled labor post 1979 in the U.S. New technologies are embodied in new goods, and Xiang (2005) shows that new goods have higher skill intensity. Skill-biased technological hetero ...
The financial crisis and sizable international reserves
... shocks before the crisis used their IR as a buffer stock in the first phase of crisis. The IR losses of these countries followed an inverted logistical curve. After a rapid initial depletion of IR, these countries reached within 7 months a markedly declining rate of IR depletion, and lost not more t ...
... shocks before the crisis used their IR as a buffer stock in the first phase of crisis. The IR losses of these countries followed an inverted logistical curve. After a rapid initial depletion of IR, these countries reached within 7 months a markedly declining rate of IR depletion, and lost not more t ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CURRENT ACCOUNT ADJUSTMENT: SOME NEW THEORY AND EVIDENCE
... financial autarky would respond to various shocks. The point is to demonstrate that the model behaves in the same way as the textbook version of the intertemporal approach; nothing unusual goes on here. However, when we allow for free trade in goods but retain financial autarky, the model deviates ...
... financial autarky would respond to various shocks. The point is to demonstrate that the model behaves in the same way as the textbook version of the intertemporal approach; nothing unusual goes on here. However, when we allow for free trade in goods but retain financial autarky, the model deviates ...