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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)

... Very often, many organizations are not so clear-cut on the appropriate orientation to adopt (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006). There are several philosophies or orientations that drive organizational marketing practices. These orientations or philosophies, include production orientation, product orientat ...
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... Marketing is emerging as performing a broader role in the management of the enterprise in guiding all business processes that are involved in the cocreation of value with customers. Customer orientation has once again emerged as a dominant business philosophy in the corporate cultures of successful ...
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... and the U.K., researchers found that in today’s “constantly connected” world, people now crave sensory experiences over products. In fact, 81% of Millennials, 79% of Gen Xers, and 78% of Baby Boomers value experiences more than they do material items. Additionally, 64% would rather spend their money ...
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... or intangible (e.g., brand image, country-of-origin associations) assets. After establishing an initial foothold in different foreign markets, the firm focuses on local market expansion. The firm’s strategic thrust changes as it aims to expand outward and develop sales from its base within each coun ...
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Target audience

A target audience is the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other message. In marketing and advertising, it is a specific group of people within the target market at which a product or the marketing message of a product is aimed (Kotler 2000). For example, if a company sells new diet programs for men with heart disease (target market), the communication may be aimed at those men but also perhaps at their spouses (target audience). Targeted marketing and targeted advertising strive for narrowcasting rather than broadcasting.A target audience can be formed of people of a certain age group, gender, marital status, etc., e.g. teenagers, females, single people, etc. A combination of factors, e.g. men aged 20–30 is a common target audience. Other groups, although not the main focus, may also be interested. Discovering the appropriate target market(s)and determining the target audience is one of the most important activities in marketing management (Niewenhuizen et al. 2000). Perhaps the biggest mistake it is possible to make in targeting is trying to reach everybody and ending up appealing to no-one.
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