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physiological differentiation of vertebrate
physiological differentiation of vertebrate

... coloration (e.g. Allen's, Bergmann's, Gloger's) is highly questionable (39, 117, 139, 157, 173, 174, 252, 312, 327), and thorough "common garden" (60a) studies are rare (but see 77, 196, 252). Island populations also show characteristic patterns of gigantism or dwarfism (24, 25, 83, 226), but physio ...
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... delivering oxygen to the cells and the removal of carbon dioxide, a by-product of aerobic metabolism. This includes ventilation (inspiration and expiration), gas exchange and gas transport. Effective respiratory management begins with a good handle on respiratory anantomy and physiology. These ...
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... delivering oxygen to the cells and the removal of carbon dioxide, a by-product of aerobic metabolism. This includes ventilation (inspiration and expiration), gas exchange and gas transport. Effective respiratory management begins with a good handle on respiratory anantomy and physiology. These ...
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Organisms at high altitude



Organisms can live at high altitude, either on land, or while flying. Decreased oxygen availability and decreased temperature make life at high altitude challenging. Despite these environmental conditions, many species have been successfully adapted at high altitudes. Animals have developed physiological adaptations to enhance oxygen uptake and delivery to tissues which can be used to sustain metabolism. The strategies used by animals to adapt to high altitude depend on their morphology and phylogeny.
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