Objectives of the presentation
... people with the minimal information required to make a judgment and not to provide companies with an optimal drug development procedure ...
... people with the minimal information required to make a judgment and not to provide companies with an optimal drug development procedure ...
Patient Teaching-atorvastatin calcium - McGraw-Hill
... niacin, erythromycin, some antifungal drugs, antacids, colestipol, digoxin, and hormonal contraceptives. Tell all prescribers that you are taking this drug. § Consult with prescriber before taking any herbs, especially red yeast rice. STORAGE § Store drug at controlled room temperature. ADDITIONAL P ...
... niacin, erythromycin, some antifungal drugs, antacids, colestipol, digoxin, and hormonal contraceptives. Tell all prescribers that you are taking this drug. § Consult with prescriber before taking any herbs, especially red yeast rice. STORAGE § Store drug at controlled room temperature. ADDITIONAL P ...
Slide 1
... DPAc represents a new approach to early drug discovery. The concept is simple but powerful: bring together the insight and creativity of the academic world with the drug discovery expertise of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). We are a dedicated team of experienced drug discovery scientists – internal champion ...
... DPAc represents a new approach to early drug discovery. The concept is simple but powerful: bring together the insight and creativity of the academic world with the drug discovery expertise of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). We are a dedicated team of experienced drug discovery scientists – internal champion ...
ABSORPTION OF DRUGS
... Particle size: smaller the particle size more absorption will be there. so bioavailability? ...
... Particle size: smaller the particle size more absorption will be there. so bioavailability? ...
presentation source - NAU jan.ucc.nau.edu web server
... percentage of the drug is changed from the original mother compound into some intermediate metabolite. All of the drug then passes out into the systemic circulation as 1) the intact drug plus its 2) changed intermediates. ...
... percentage of the drug is changed from the original mother compound into some intermediate metabolite. All of the drug then passes out into the systemic circulation as 1) the intact drug plus its 2) changed intermediates. ...
CHEMICAL MESSENGERS
... intranasal - mucous membranes of nose, sinus sublingual - under the tongue; absorbed through mouth’s mucous membranes ...
... intranasal - mucous membranes of nose, sinus sublingual - under the tongue; absorbed through mouth’s mucous membranes ...
Notes
... Time taken for plasma concentration of a drug to fall by half or 50%. One is able to predict how plasma concentration alters over time. Enables one to maintain a steady state of a drug for maximum effects and minimum side effects e.g. paracetamol = 2hrs.Half-life is determined by rate of biotransfor ...
... Time taken for plasma concentration of a drug to fall by half or 50%. One is able to predict how plasma concentration alters over time. Enables one to maintain a steady state of a drug for maximum effects and minimum side effects e.g. paracetamol = 2hrs.Half-life is determined by rate of biotransfor ...
Pharmacologic Principles – Chapter 2
... and (2) the skin becomes a barrier that controls the release of the medication Parenteral medications should have a pH similar to the pH of blood. They have the most immediate effect on the body with 100% absorption. Pharmacokinetics – what is the drug’s onset, peak action, and duration. Occurs thro ...
... and (2) the skin becomes a barrier that controls the release of the medication Parenteral medications should have a pH similar to the pH of blood. They have the most immediate effect on the body with 100% absorption. Pharmacokinetics – what is the drug’s onset, peak action, and duration. Occurs thro ...
Pharmacotherapy in the Elderly
... • changes in the physiology of the elderly dictate responses to drug therapy • pharmacokinetic changes affect the effective concentration of drug in the body • pharmacodynamic changes affect the body’s response to the drug therapy • adverse drug reactions are more common in the elderly and can be av ...
... • changes in the physiology of the elderly dictate responses to drug therapy • pharmacokinetic changes affect the effective concentration of drug in the body • pharmacodynamic changes affect the body’s response to the drug therapy • adverse drug reactions are more common in the elderly and can be av ...
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism
... hr), and plasma levels of the chemical are assayed. The plasma- concentrationtime data are analyzed to obtain the pharmacokinetic profile, including the area under the curve (AUC). Comparison of the AUCs after extra-vascular and intravenous dosing, after correcting for the dosage, provides a measure ...
... hr), and plasma levels of the chemical are assayed. The plasma- concentrationtime data are analyzed to obtain the pharmacokinetic profile, including the area under the curve (AUC). Comparison of the AUCs after extra-vascular and intravenous dosing, after correcting for the dosage, provides a measure ...
carbidopa-levodopa - McGraw
... PATIENT’S NAME: MEDICATION: carbidopa-levodopa (Brand names include Sinemet and Sinemet CR.) WHAT IT'S USED FOR: Carbidopa-levodopa is used to treat Parkinson’s disease. HOW TO TAKE IT If you're using the long-acting form of this drug, take it with food to increase its effects. Don’t crush or chew t ...
... PATIENT’S NAME: MEDICATION: carbidopa-levodopa (Brand names include Sinemet and Sinemet CR.) WHAT IT'S USED FOR: Carbidopa-levodopa is used to treat Parkinson’s disease. HOW TO TAKE IT If you're using the long-acting form of this drug, take it with food to increase its effects. Don’t crush or chew t ...
pharmacology review
... Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, and Program Director, Center for Anesthesiology Education, Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Pharmacokinetics: simple model considers body as si ...
... Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, and Program Director, Center for Anesthesiology Education, Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Pharmacokinetics: simple model considers body as si ...
RUZICH, Richard T.
... • Assess the drug’s efficacy • (1) Proof of concept demonstrating biological activity and (2) Clinical proof • Historical comparisons may not suffice • Usually reveals practical issues, e.g., handling drug in routine hospital- or out-patient situations • Orphan Drug potential indications may become ...
... • Assess the drug’s efficacy • (1) Proof of concept demonstrating biological activity and (2) Clinical proof • Historical comparisons may not suffice • Usually reveals practical issues, e.g., handling drug in routine hospital- or out-patient situations • Orphan Drug potential indications may become ...
gerontological pharmacology update considerations
... Ń Decreased Vd will cause drugs that distribute into body water or muscle will have higher initial plasma concentration following administration. Ń Water soluble drugs distributed less effectively in elderly patients x Cardiovascular (CV) disease can further complicate this distribution ...
... Ń Decreased Vd will cause drugs that distribute into body water or muscle will have higher initial plasma concentration following administration. Ń Water soluble drugs distributed less effectively in elderly patients x Cardiovascular (CV) disease can further complicate this distribution ...
Unit 2 Problem Set KEY unit2_problemset_key_2
... 8. Your company wants to test a new drug it is developing for the Alzheimer’s patient market group. Describe how you would set up an experiment to test if this drug is EFFECTIVE. Must first test molecule to determine purity and properties. Then must test in animals to see how safe it is. Then in sma ...
... 8. Your company wants to test a new drug it is developing for the Alzheimer’s patient market group. Describe how you would set up an experiment to test if this drug is EFFECTIVE. Must first test molecule to determine purity and properties. Then must test in animals to see how safe it is. Then in sma ...
Pharmacokinetiks and Pharmacodynamics
... Drugs are metabolised in the liver, lungs, kidneys, blood and intestines. In order for drugs to pass across the lipid cell membrane they must be lipophilic The higher the solubility in lipids compared to water, the more rapid the tissue entry Metabolic rate determines the duration of the actio ...
... Drugs are metabolised in the liver, lungs, kidneys, blood and intestines. In order for drugs to pass across the lipid cell membrane they must be lipophilic The higher the solubility in lipids compared to water, the more rapid the tissue entry Metabolic rate determines the duration of the actio ...
Variability in Drug Response 2
... When drugs are given together the pharmacological response may be additive (1+1=2), synergistic (1+1>2) or antagonistic (1+1<2). It is possible to represent this quantitative relationship using an isobole shown adjacent. In this case midazolam (y axis) is added to morphine (x axis). Using the isobol ...
... When drugs are given together the pharmacological response may be additive (1+1=2), synergistic (1+1>2) or antagonistic (1+1<2). It is possible to represent this quantitative relationship using an isobole shown adjacent. In this case midazolam (y axis) is added to morphine (x axis). Using the isobol ...
rational drug use programme
... Specialists from each specialty from all distt. Sensitized about need of RDU & STGs STGs of Haryana state based on local disease profile ...
... Specialists from each specialty from all distt. Sensitized about need of RDU & STGs STGs of Haryana state based on local disease profile ...
New Hampshire EMT-Intermediate Pharmacology
... Time of administration Pathologic state Genetic factors Psychological factors ...
... Time of administration Pathologic state Genetic factors Psychological factors ...
Pharmacotherapy in the Elderly
... free drug • C = D / Vd in circulation C, concentration D, dose tissue storage Vd,, volume of elimination distribution (fat, muscle, bone) target site availability ...
... free drug • C = D / Vd in circulation C, concentration D, dose tissue storage Vd,, volume of elimination distribution (fat, muscle, bone) target site availability ...
Biopharmaceutics / Lec
... related to the dose and the rate constants for absorption and elimination of the drug. 7. Area under the curve: It is related to the amount of drug absorbed systemically. ...
... related to the dose and the rate constants for absorption and elimination of the drug. 7. Area under the curve: It is related to the amount of drug absorbed systemically. ...
Regulatory Authority Mission
... “ … as the absence of a significant difference in the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety in the pharmaceutical equivalents or pharmaceutical alternatives becomes available at the site of drug action when administered at the same molar dose under similar conditions ...
... “ … as the absence of a significant difference in the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety in the pharmaceutical equivalents or pharmaceutical alternatives becomes available at the site of drug action when administered at the same molar dose under similar conditions ...
01_CLIN_PHARMACOKYNETIC_PHARMACODYNAMIC
... of a dose that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells). An intravenous drug is virtually 100% bioavailable; an oral drug is virtually always less than 100% bioavailable because some is not absorbed from the GI tract and some goes to the liver and is partially metaboli ...
... of a dose that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells). An intravenous drug is virtually 100% bioavailable; an oral drug is virtually always less than 100% bioavailable because some is not absorbed from the GI tract and some goes to the liver and is partially metaboli ...
Chapter_10_Basic_Pharmaceutics
... Concentration and Effect Drug Concentration • A better way to relate the amount of drug in the body. • Its effect is to determine drug concentrations in the body’s fluids. • Blood is generally used because of its rapid equilibrium between the site of administration and the site of ...
... Concentration and Effect Drug Concentration • A better way to relate the amount of drug in the body. • Its effect is to determine drug concentrations in the body’s fluids. • Blood is generally used because of its rapid equilibrium between the site of administration and the site of ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.