DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PEDIATRIC FORMULARY & DRUG THERAPY
... physiological characteristics of the child and the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug. The developmental physiological changes that occur throughout childhood termed ontogeny, Organ function development, disease state, genetic makeup and environmental influences should be considered and dosage m ...
... physiological characteristics of the child and the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug. The developmental physiological changes that occur throughout childhood termed ontogeny, Organ function development, disease state, genetic makeup and environmental influences should be considered and dosage m ...
Ch 4 Drug Effects on the Brain
... Drugs of abuse share a common action: they act on the brain’s reward system within the system, they all (except for LSD) share the ability to increase the levels of dopamine This accounts for the rewarding (pleasurable) effects of abused drugs ...
... Drugs of abuse share a common action: they act on the brain’s reward system within the system, they all (except for LSD) share the ability to increase the levels of dopamine This accounts for the rewarding (pleasurable) effects of abused drugs ...
Examples 11/15
... (b) Following a procedure similar to that in part a, calculate the amounts of antibiotic in the bloodstream just prior to and just after the doses at 16 hours, 24 hours, and 32 hours. (c) Make a graph of the amount of antibiotic in the bloodstream for the first 32 hours after the first dose of the d ...
... (b) Following a procedure similar to that in part a, calculate the amounts of antibiotic in the bloodstream just prior to and just after the doses at 16 hours, 24 hours, and 32 hours. (c) Make a graph of the amount of antibiotic in the bloodstream for the first 32 hours after the first dose of the d ...
Chapter 9, Section 1
... physical or psychological state. Medicine: any drug used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort. Side Effect: any effect that is caused by a drug and that is different from the drug’s intended effect. Prescription: a written order from a doctor for a specific medicine. Over-the-Counter (OT ...
... physical or psychological state. Medicine: any drug used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort. Side Effect: any effect that is caused by a drug and that is different from the drug’s intended effect. Prescription: a written order from a doctor for a specific medicine. Over-the-Counter (OT ...
Production process model
... Often characterized by the fact that some of the products produced are inputs to the production of other products. ...
... Often characterized by the fact that some of the products produced are inputs to the production of other products. ...
Question Papers
... Fill the blank:- ______is the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs. 1) Pharmacology 2) Phytochemistry 3) Pharmaceutics 4) Pharmacognosy ...
... Fill the blank:- ______is the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs. 1) Pharmacology 2) Phytochemistry 3) Pharmaceutics 4) Pharmacognosy ...
Drug use, Drug abuse and DRUG TAKING BEHAVIOR
... repetitive behavior pattern associated with increase risk of disease or social problems (Marlatt, 1988)..often characterized by immediate gratification and high relapse rates…but is this the same as “abuse?” • Drug abuse-how to define? ...
... repetitive behavior pattern associated with increase risk of disease or social problems (Marlatt, 1988)..often characterized by immediate gratification and high relapse rates…but is this the same as “abuse?” • Drug abuse-how to define? ...
PDF - ClaimSecure
... depletion of dopamine . Its cause is unknown and diagnosis is based on presenting signs and symptoms. Levodopa (“l-dopa”) has been the cornerstone treatment of PD since the 1960s because of its rapid onset and its ...
... depletion of dopamine . Its cause is unknown and diagnosis is based on presenting signs and symptoms. Levodopa (“l-dopa”) has been the cornerstone treatment of PD since the 1960s because of its rapid onset and its ...
1-Introduction,Nomeclature & ROA(1,2&3)
... single epithelial cell layer directly to the systemic blood circulation without first-pass hepatic and intestinal metabolism. The effect is often reached within 5 min for small drug molecules Drugs with poor absorption or extensive first pass metabolism can be given in this way Small dosage of a ...
... single epithelial cell layer directly to the systemic blood circulation without first-pass hepatic and intestinal metabolism. The effect is often reached within 5 min for small drug molecules Drugs with poor absorption or extensive first pass metabolism can be given in this way Small dosage of a ...
Pharmacokinetics: How Does the Body Handle Drugs?
... To reach the site of action, the drug has to cross biological membranes. In principle, there are four ways of crossing membranes: filtration (through the small pores in the membranes), passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport. Filtration seems practical only to very small molecu ...
... To reach the site of action, the drug has to cross biological membranes. In principle, there are four ways of crossing membranes: filtration (through the small pores in the membranes), passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport. Filtration seems practical only to very small molecu ...
Basic Principles of Pharmacology
... Clinical drug trials ( mainly 4 phases) - Phase 0 Phase 0 or first-in-human trials is a recent phase approved in accordance with the United States FDA’s 2006 Guidelines Phase 0 trials are also known as human microdosing studies and are designed to speed up the development of promising drugs by esta ...
... Clinical drug trials ( mainly 4 phases) - Phase 0 Phase 0 or first-in-human trials is a recent phase approved in accordance with the United States FDA’s 2006 Guidelines Phase 0 trials are also known as human microdosing studies and are designed to speed up the development of promising drugs by esta ...
Using this template - British Hypertension Society
... Uncertainty - sensitivity analysis •Varying individual parameters to test sensitivity of model results • Risk of CVD events (HF, MI, UA etc...) • Effectiveness of drugs • Cost of drugs and events • Side effects of drugs •Model remained fairly robust to changes ...
... Uncertainty - sensitivity analysis •Varying individual parameters to test sensitivity of model results • Risk of CVD events (HF, MI, UA etc...) • Effectiveness of drugs • Cost of drugs and events • Side effects of drugs •Model remained fairly robust to changes ...
Allopurinol associated hypersensitivity syndrome
... Allopurinol dosage should be corrected according to the renal function Always start with a lower dose of allopurinol Monitored patients during the first two months for possible drug hypersensitivity Educate patients about early recognition of drug hypersensitivity and the importance of prompt with ...
... Allopurinol dosage should be corrected according to the renal function Always start with a lower dose of allopurinol Monitored patients during the first two months for possible drug hypersensitivity Educate patients about early recognition of drug hypersensitivity and the importance of prompt with ...
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS Natasza Balcer Katarzyna
... •exceeding of solubility – prescription does not give enough of solvent or improper solvent •linkage of immiscible •reduction or total loss of action force as a result of mixing the drug with absorbing agent •hygroscopic mixture forming as a result of mixing some b) Chemical interactions it is based ...
... •exceeding of solubility – prescription does not give enough of solvent or improper solvent •linkage of immiscible •reduction or total loss of action force as a result of mixing the drug with absorbing agent •hygroscopic mixture forming as a result of mixing some b) Chemical interactions it is based ...
Oral Deliver of Drugs PowerPoint
... characterization of a drug is to depict the body as a system of compartments, even though these compartments often do not have any apparent physiologic reality. The one-compartment model considers the body as a single homogenous unit (central compartment). This simplest model is particularly usefu ...
... characterization of a drug is to depict the body as a system of compartments, even though these compartments often do not have any apparent physiologic reality. The one-compartment model considers the body as a single homogenous unit (central compartment). This simplest model is particularly usefu ...
PSYC550 Psychopharmacology
... function of certain bodily cells when taken in relatively low doses (chemical is not required for normal cellular functioning) ...
... function of certain bodily cells when taken in relatively low doses (chemical is not required for normal cellular functioning) ...
FACTORS MODIFYING DRUG EFFECTS
... drugs soluble they are prepared in salt forms, mixing these drugs may lead to precipitation (incompatibility) ...
... drugs soluble they are prepared in salt forms, mixing these drugs may lead to precipitation (incompatibility) ...
drugs and meds answers pharm products and antacids
... Pharmaceutical Products 1) Drugs and medicines generally are taken to improve human health. What are three different ways in which they affect the person who takes them? Alters: physiological state, sensory perception, mood or emotion 2) Explain the term: Placebo effect Contain no active ingredient, ...
... Pharmaceutical Products 1) Drugs and medicines generally are taken to improve human health. What are three different ways in which they affect the person who takes them? Alters: physiological state, sensory perception, mood or emotion 2) Explain the term: Placebo effect Contain no active ingredient, ...
document
... which makes the person feel better, not high. when they are taken repeatedly or in large doses. They can alter the reward system, making it harder to feel good without the drug and can lead to intense cravings, which make it hard to stop using. This is no different from what can happen when someone ...
... which makes the person feel better, not high. when they are taken repeatedly or in large doses. They can alter the reward system, making it harder to feel good without the drug and can lead to intense cravings, which make it hard to stop using. This is no different from what can happen when someone ...
What is in a name
... – Trade name misinterpreted for the # of tablets to give – Allergic reaction to one of the generic components (check for aspirin allergy) – Giving 2 #3’s instead of one #4 (doubles the dose of aspirin from 325mg to 650mg) ...
... – Trade name misinterpreted for the # of tablets to give – Allergic reaction to one of the generic components (check for aspirin allergy) – Giving 2 #3’s instead of one #4 (doubles the dose of aspirin from 325mg to 650mg) ...
Unit 2 OTC-RX-Illegal drugs
... Medicine Interactions - Additive interaction – occurs when medicines work together in a positive way - Synergistic effect – the interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect - Antagonistic interaction – occurs when the effect of one medicine is canceled or reduced when taken ...
... Medicine Interactions - Additive interaction – occurs when medicines work together in a positive way - Synergistic effect – the interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect - Antagonistic interaction – occurs when the effect of one medicine is canceled or reduced when taken ...
Sedatives, Hypnotics & Anxiolytics
... Generally IV in GA, others orally Absorption rapid Distribution rapid Ultra short acting more lipid soluble and cross BBB • Once they entre brain, conc. Increases then redistributed along conc. gradient ...
... Generally IV in GA, others orally Absorption rapid Distribution rapid Ultra short acting more lipid soluble and cross BBB • Once they entre brain, conc. Increases then redistributed along conc. gradient ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.