Print this article - Medical Journal of Indonesia
... narrow margin of safety, must be adjusted to therapentic concentration while avoiding toxic effect. Kidney junction is commonly estimated using Cocroft-Gault formula based on serum creatinine, age body weight and gender. Dose adjusment can be done by using a nomograms, calculatingby formula, or base ...
... narrow margin of safety, must be adjusted to therapentic concentration while avoiding toxic effect. Kidney junction is commonly estimated using Cocroft-Gault formula based on serum creatinine, age body weight and gender. Dose adjusment can be done by using a nomograms, calculatingby formula, or base ...
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Carbamazepine is one of the older drugs
... the whites of your eyes may turn yellow (jaundice), you may have diarrhea . Tegretol can damage your bone marrow where white blood cells are produced ...
... the whites of your eyes may turn yellow (jaundice), you may have diarrhea . Tegretol can damage your bone marrow where white blood cells are produced ...
Metabolism of drugs
... Allopurinol both prolongs the duration and enhances the chemotherapeutic action of mercaptopurine by competitive inhibition of xanthine oxidase. Consequently, to avoid bone marrow toxicity, the dose of mercaptopurine is usually reduced in patients receiving allopurinol. Cimetidine, a drug used in th ...
... Allopurinol both prolongs the duration and enhances the chemotherapeutic action of mercaptopurine by competitive inhibition of xanthine oxidase. Consequently, to avoid bone marrow toxicity, the dose of mercaptopurine is usually reduced in patients receiving allopurinol. Cimetidine, a drug used in th ...
P H A R M A G R A M
... Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn) Added to Formulary: Piperacillin/Tazobactam is a combination of an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic and a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Until now ticarcillin/clavulanate (Timentin) was the preferred antimicrobial of this class, but due to an increasing antimicrobia ...
... Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn) Added to Formulary: Piperacillin/Tazobactam is a combination of an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic and a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Until now ticarcillin/clavulanate (Timentin) was the preferred antimicrobial of this class, but due to an increasing antimicrobia ...
Express Scripts Drug Information & Wellness Center Drug Information Updates
... ACE inhibitors work to decrease blood pressure by inhibiting the breakdown of bradykinin. Gainer et al. investigated the relationship between bK, ethnicity, and ACE inhibitors. Gainer et al. hypothesized that bK sensitivity may play a role in the rate of angioedema seen in African Americans (AA) bas ...
... ACE inhibitors work to decrease blood pressure by inhibiting the breakdown of bradykinin. Gainer et al. investigated the relationship between bK, ethnicity, and ACE inhibitors. Gainer et al. hypothesized that bK sensitivity may play a role in the rate of angioedema seen in African Americans (AA) bas ...
Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery (JADD)
... precipitates due to low solubility in the water solvent mixture. Precipitation is coupled with high shear processing, which is accomplished by combination of rapid precipitation and high pressure homogenization. The major drawback of the precipitation technique is that it leads to crystal growth and ...
... precipitates due to low solubility in the water solvent mixture. Precipitation is coupled with high shear processing, which is accomplished by combination of rapid precipitation and high pressure homogenization. The major drawback of the precipitation technique is that it leads to crystal growth and ...
Medical Pharmacology 201 The Florida State University College of Medicine
... the course at its conclusion. Suggestions and comments concerning the course, its material and conduct, are welcomed and may be made to the Course Director at any time. ...
... the course at its conclusion. Suggestions and comments concerning the course, its material and conduct, are welcomed and may be made to the Course Director at any time. ...
Drug allergy
... The criteria of the classification 1) Based on the time required for the symptoms or skin test reactions to appear after exposure--- immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. 2) Based on the nature of organ ...
... The criteria of the classification 1) Based on the time required for the symptoms or skin test reactions to appear after exposure--- immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. 2) Based on the nature of organ ...
Pharmacokinetics and doses of anti-TB drugs in children
... • Correlation: PK and toxicity? Especially important as causes irreversible hearing loss • Role for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring? Not possible in most high-burden areas • Dose reduction to 15 mg/kg now implemented – awaiting results • Follow-up PK and safety at lower dose *Peloquin, Antimicrob Agents ...
... • Correlation: PK and toxicity? Especially important as causes irreversible hearing loss • Role for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring? Not possible in most high-burden areas • Dose reduction to 15 mg/kg now implemented – awaiting results • Follow-up PK and safety at lower dose *Peloquin, Antimicrob Agents ...
past medical history
... Anxiolytics / Sedative Hypnotics Benzodiazepines Chloral Hydrate Hydroxyzine Promethazine Nitrous Oxide ...
... Anxiolytics / Sedative Hypnotics Benzodiazepines Chloral Hydrate Hydroxyzine Promethazine Nitrous Oxide ...
Adverse drug reactions in elderly: challenges in
... assess the likelihood that an ADR has taken place. When a drug is suspected as the cause of an acute change in a patient’s clinical condition, the clinician should initially consider the known adverse events of the particular drug. This is limited by the knowledge that not all events, especially rar ...
... assess the likelihood that an ADR has taken place. When a drug is suspected as the cause of an acute change in a patient’s clinical condition, the clinician should initially consider the known adverse events of the particular drug. This is limited by the knowledge that not all events, especially rar ...
Slide 1
... (A) ``bioavailability'' means the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or therapeutic ingredient is absorbed from a drug and becomes available at the site of drug action. (B) A drug shall be considered to be bioequivalent to a listed drug if– – (i) the rate and extent of absorption of the ...
... (A) ``bioavailability'' means the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or therapeutic ingredient is absorbed from a drug and becomes available at the site of drug action. (B) A drug shall be considered to be bioequivalent to a listed drug if– – (i) the rate and extent of absorption of the ...
4th Lecture Updated - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... enteric coating that dissolves in the duodenum, or as an ester (Clarithromycin, azithromycin, and telithromycin are stable to stomach acid and are readily absorbed) Food, which increases gastric acidity, may delay absorption erythromycin (and azithromycin but can increase that of clarithromycin) ...
... enteric coating that dissolves in the duodenum, or as an ester (Clarithromycin, azithromycin, and telithromycin are stable to stomach acid and are readily absorbed) Food, which increases gastric acidity, may delay absorption erythromycin (and azithromycin but can increase that of clarithromycin) ...
Adverse drug reactions in children
... factors influencing drug response, inherited determinants remain stable throughout a person’s lifetime. As our knowledge of genetic variations involved in the uptake, distribution, metabolism, and action of drugs improves we will be able to select the best drug at the optimal dose for each patient. ...
... factors influencing drug response, inherited determinants remain stable throughout a person’s lifetime. As our knowledge of genetic variations involved in the uptake, distribution, metabolism, and action of drugs improves we will be able to select the best drug at the optimal dose for each patient. ...
UNIT ONE & MORPHINE
... • Adsorption is physical, not chemical in nature • (Adsorption-physical adhesion/ Absorptionchemical reaction) • In presence of normal blood, this absorption causes only a slight body temperature increase to approximately 109-114 degrees F • In presence of very non-viscous/adhesive liquids like WATE ...
... • Adsorption is physical, not chemical in nature • (Adsorption-physical adhesion/ Absorptionchemical reaction) • In presence of normal blood, this absorption causes only a slight body temperature increase to approximately 109-114 degrees F • In presence of very non-viscous/adhesive liquids like WATE ...
Dockets Management Branch (HFA-305)
... For reasons stated below, the Office of Advocacy respectfully requests that the cornrnent deadline for the above-referenced FDA Concept Paper be extended by at least 90 days from the time all documents contained in the bibliography and referenced in the Concept Paper have been placed in the docket. ...
... For reasons stated below, the Office of Advocacy respectfully requests that the cornrnent deadline for the above-referenced FDA Concept Paper be extended by at least 90 days from the time all documents contained in the bibliography and referenced in the Concept Paper have been placed in the docket. ...
Dosing bumex in relation to lasix
... aqueducts and pipes in music by which. NATBS the terminus may to pay to Charles act of the legislature. The benefit of a four promissory notes amounting support of the instruc. Constitution and so far over those ...
... aqueducts and pipes in music by which. NATBS the terminus may to pay to Charles act of the legislature. The benefit of a four promissory notes amounting support of the instruc. Constitution and so far over those ...
mg/kg/day
... develop, the drug should be stopped and not reintroduced, and the use of GM ,CSF should be considered in the case of agranulocytosis. Avoid concomitant use with drugs associated with neutropenia ...
... develop, the drug should be stopped and not reintroduced, and the use of GM ,CSF should be considered in the case of agranulocytosis. Avoid concomitant use with drugs associated with neutropenia ...
Industrial Pharmacy II - Home|Faculty Members Websites|The
... 1. Improved Drug Absorption and Bioavailability: ...
... 1. Improved Drug Absorption and Bioavailability: ...
The Pharmacist`s Role in Personalized Medicine
... There are several genes responsible for differences in the drug metabolism and response. Among the most common are the Cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes, encoding enzymes that control the metabolism of more than 90 percent of drugs (the most significant enzymes being CYP3A4 and CYP2D6).5 A specific gene e ...
... There are several genes responsible for differences in the drug metabolism and response. Among the most common are the Cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes, encoding enzymes that control the metabolism of more than 90 percent of drugs (the most significant enzymes being CYP3A4 and CYP2D6).5 A specific gene e ...
Unit Two Power point
... • Most substances found in the urine are found in the blood. • You CAN drink it. (up to a certain amount of hours after production) • Dipsticks- can be read at home by the patient and tests for properties of : bilirubin, glucose, hemoglobin, ketones, leukocyte, nitrite, pH protein. ...
... • Most substances found in the urine are found in the blood. • You CAN drink it. (up to a certain amount of hours after production) • Dipsticks- can be read at home by the patient and tests for properties of : bilirubin, glucose, hemoglobin, ketones, leukocyte, nitrite, pH protein. ...
Lareb Intensive Monitoring
... – Cohort based on first prescription in the pharmacy – Patient as source of information – Web-based questionnaires – Multiple questionnaires ...
... – Cohort based on first prescription in the pharmacy – Patient as source of information – Web-based questionnaires – Multiple questionnaires ...
Medicinal Plants
... pox, leading to a serious disease – Reyes syndrome. The advice is to use acetaminophen (Tylenol) for kids. ...
... pox, leading to a serious disease – Reyes syndrome. The advice is to use acetaminophen (Tylenol) for kids. ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.