Suggestion from clinicians
... Pubmed – “angiotensin receptor blockers AND losartan AND (candesartan OR valsartan) AND (effect OR efficacy) AND meta-analysis/review” Candesartan and losartan in essential hypertension (2011) In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we reviewed 12 studies that compared the effects and safety of ...
... Pubmed – “angiotensin receptor blockers AND losartan AND (candesartan OR valsartan) AND (effect OR efficacy) AND meta-analysis/review” Candesartan and losartan in essential hypertension (2011) In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we reviewed 12 studies that compared the effects and safety of ...
Genetic toxicology of abused drugs: a brief review
... the genotoxicity of abused drugs. Here we review the data on abused drug-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The term 'abused drug' used in this review refers to some wellknown addictive drugs/substances, either licit or illicit, that have been commonly abused and associated with genotoxicity ...
... the genotoxicity of abused drugs. Here we review the data on abused drug-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The term 'abused drug' used in this review refers to some wellknown addictive drugs/substances, either licit or illicit, that have been commonly abused and associated with genotoxicity ...
Pharmacology of Airway Management
... Airway Management Considerations • Multiple indications for a secure airway • Airway assessment and ...
... Airway Management Considerations • Multiple indications for a secure airway • Airway assessment and ...
Drug Receptors
... agonist is still able to produce the same maximal effect observed prior to antagonist treatment. However, because higher agonist concentrations were necessary to displace the antagonist, the agonist dose-response curve is shifted to the right in the presence of a competitive antagonist. This can be ...
... agonist is still able to produce the same maximal effect observed prior to antagonist treatment. However, because higher agonist concentrations were necessary to displace the antagonist, the agonist dose-response curve is shifted to the right in the presence of a competitive antagonist. This can be ...
Pharmaceutical Care Lectures
... Need to not assume anything Need to be inquisitive Need to critically evaluate every clinical situation as an individual event Collection and evaluation of information allows for the identification of drug therapy ...
... Need to not assume anything Need to be inquisitive Need to critically evaluate every clinical situation as an individual event Collection and evaluation of information allows for the identification of drug therapy ...
Glucocorticoids
... diurnal concentration levels and thereby minimize suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis. - Use the minimal dose for the minimal amount of time to minimize adverse effects. - Taper doses when discontinuing from high doses or from long-term therapy . - Do not give live virus vaccines when the ...
... diurnal concentration levels and thereby minimize suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis. - Use the minimal dose for the minimal amount of time to minimize adverse effects. - Taper doses when discontinuing from high doses or from long-term therapy . - Do not give live virus vaccines when the ...
Session 4 Topics Need to Monitor Aspirin Therapy
... Prasugrel (Effient®) • Theinophyridine like clopidogrel • Prodrug metabolized to active metabolite in the liver by cytochrome system • Inhibits platelet function by irreversibly binding P2Y12 ADP platelet receptors • Appears to be unaffected by cytochrome polymorphisms that inhibit clopidogrel ...
... Prasugrel (Effient®) • Theinophyridine like clopidogrel • Prodrug metabolized to active metabolite in the liver by cytochrome system • Inhibits platelet function by irreversibly binding P2Y12 ADP platelet receptors • Appears to be unaffected by cytochrome polymorphisms that inhibit clopidogrel ...
Furosemide Edema, initial dose: 20-40 mg/dose IV or IM
... achieved. Hepatic cirrhosis: 5-10 mg IV once daily. Double the dose (maximum of 40 mg/dose) until desired therapeutic response is achieved. Edema, initial dose: 50 mg IV or 0.5-1 mg/kg (up to 100 mg/dose). Usually only a single dose is necessary; may repeat in 2-4 hours if additional diuresis is nee ...
... achieved. Hepatic cirrhosis: 5-10 mg IV once daily. Double the dose (maximum of 40 mg/dose) until desired therapeutic response is achieved. Edema, initial dose: 50 mg IV or 0.5-1 mg/kg (up to 100 mg/dose). Usually only a single dose is necessary; may repeat in 2-4 hours if additional diuresis is nee ...
Table 2. Dosage regimens of injectable loop diuretics7
... achieved. Hepatic cirrhosis: 5-10 mg IV once daily. Double the dose (maximum of 40 mg/dose) until desired therapeutic response is achieved. Edema, initial dose: 50 mg IV or 0.5-1 mg/kg (up to 100 mg/dose). Usually only a single dose is necessary; may repeat in 2-4 hours if additional diuresis is nee ...
... achieved. Hepatic cirrhosis: 5-10 mg IV once daily. Double the dose (maximum of 40 mg/dose) until desired therapeutic response is achieved. Edema, initial dose: 50 mg IV or 0.5-1 mg/kg (up to 100 mg/dose). Usually only a single dose is necessary; may repeat in 2-4 hours if additional diuresis is nee ...
anadrol®-50 - Meda Pharmaceuticals
... Blood lipid changes that are known to be associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis are seen in patients treated with androgens and anabolic steroids. These changes include decreased high density lipoprotein and sometimes increased low density lipoprotein. The changes may be very marked and c ...
... Blood lipid changes that are known to be associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis are seen in patients treated with androgens and anabolic steroids. These changes include decreased high density lipoprotein and sometimes increased low density lipoprotein. The changes may be very marked and c ...
Instructor`s Guide
... of amphetamines and methamphetamines. It became increasingly difficult for drug abusers to get amphetamines, although there was still a great demand for them. At that time, some drug companies produced high dose non-prescription stimulants that looked almost exactly like the prescription products. T ...
... of amphetamines and methamphetamines. It became increasingly difficult for drug abusers to get amphetamines, although there was still a great demand for them. At that time, some drug companies produced high dose non-prescription stimulants that looked almost exactly like the prescription products. T ...
SANCTURA® Prescribing Informaiton
... SANCTURA® is associated with anticholinergic central nervous system (CNS) effects [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. A variety of CNS anticholinergic effects have been reported, including dizziness, confusion, hallucinations and somnolence. Patients should be monitored for signs of anticholinergic CNS e ...
... SANCTURA® is associated with anticholinergic central nervous system (CNS) effects [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. A variety of CNS anticholinergic effects have been reported, including dizziness, confusion, hallucinations and somnolence. Patients should be monitored for signs of anticholinergic CNS e ...
NEW WAYS TO BE ADDICTED: LATEST TRENDS IN SUBSTANCE
... Since then, new substances have constantly been appearing on the market. This extremely rapidly changing situation concerning drug use and drug market set new challenges for professionals. We have to describe the use of drugs on which we have very limited knowledge. Not only the chemical description ...
... Since then, new substances have constantly been appearing on the market. This extremely rapidly changing situation concerning drug use and drug market set new challenges for professionals. We have to describe the use of drugs on which we have very limited knowledge. Not only the chemical description ...
Lecture 1 Dr.fatima Principles in the management of poisoned
... acetaminophen poisoning, but recent studies reported no significant differences in N-acetyl cysteine serum concentration, peak concentration or half-life when given with activated charcoal. Cathartics Saline cathartics are desired to remove toxic substances from GIT. As contact between the poison an ...
... acetaminophen poisoning, but recent studies reported no significant differences in N-acetyl cysteine serum concentration, peak concentration or half-life when given with activated charcoal. Cathartics Saline cathartics are desired to remove toxic substances from GIT. As contact between the poison an ...
Statins and lichenoid drug eruption Introduction
... sometimes involved. A dose dependency is suggested. Some drugs change surface antigens, whereas other drugs change enzyme systems. These aberrations may precipitate an immune response, in which cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are activated, which then cause epidermal damage [8,10]. For statins no specific me ...
... sometimes involved. A dose dependency is suggested. Some drugs change surface antigens, whereas other drugs change enzyme systems. These aberrations may precipitate an immune response, in which cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are activated, which then cause epidermal damage [8,10]. For statins no specific me ...
DrugSmart Cup® Product Instructions
... anxiety. Physical dependence is apparent in users and leads to depressed coordination, disrupted decision making, decreased respiration, hypothermia and coma. Heroin is quickly metabolized to morphine, morphine glucuronide and 6acetylmorphine. Thus, the presence of morphine (or the metabolite, morph ...
... anxiety. Physical dependence is apparent in users and leads to depressed coordination, disrupted decision making, decreased respiration, hypothermia and coma. Heroin is quickly metabolized to morphine, morphine glucuronide and 6acetylmorphine. Thus, the presence of morphine (or the metabolite, morph ...
CIPROFLOXACIN
... suspension should be kept between 5 to 25°C. The suspension is good for 14 days after it is prepared. Ensure that the drug has not expired by checking the expiry date (“EXP”) shown on the outside of the package. Keep all drugs well out of the reach of children. Do not store in your bathroom. Heat an ...
... suspension should be kept between 5 to 25°C. The suspension is good for 14 days after it is prepared. Ensure that the drug has not expired by checking the expiry date (“EXP”) shown on the outside of the package. Keep all drugs well out of the reach of children. Do not store in your bathroom. Heat an ...
Multiple Drug Ingestion For Suicidal Purpose Alprazolam
... hydrobromur (Cipram), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) and alcohol. She wasnt tolerant to the effect of that dose alcohol. Although doses of all drugs ingested were not toxic level, their doses higher than their therapeutic doses. Their combination resulted in clinical toxicity. This may be due additive o ...
... hydrobromur (Cipram), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) and alcohol. She wasnt tolerant to the effect of that dose alcohol. Although doses of all drugs ingested were not toxic level, their doses higher than their therapeutic doses. Their combination resulted in clinical toxicity. This may be due additive o ...
GALLIPRANT® (grapiprant tablets)
... Study 1 was a food effect determination study. Study 2 was a PK bridging study conducted using 60 mg GALLIPRANT t ablets at 6 mg/kg dose and 5 X 100 mg GALLIPRANT tablets at 50 mg/kg dose. ...
... Study 1 was a food effect determination study. Study 2 was a PK bridging study conducted using 60 mg GALLIPRANT t ablets at 6 mg/kg dose and 5 X 100 mg GALLIPRANT tablets at 50 mg/kg dose. ...
iCup 10 Panel Drug Screening Kit Insert
... Benzodiazepines are medications that are frequently prescribed for the symptomatic treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders. They produce their effects via specific receptors involving a neurochemical called gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Because they are safer and more effective, Benzodiazepines h ...
... Benzodiazepines are medications that are frequently prescribed for the symptomatic treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders. They produce their effects via specific receptors involving a neurochemical called gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Because they are safer and more effective, Benzodiazepines h ...
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 4th ed. Lilley/Harrington
... The study of how various drug forms ...
... The study of how various drug forms ...
Antidotes in food animal practice
... cillin-sensitive individuals may react positively to ID challenge with penicillamine, the risk of severe reaction to orally administered penicillamine in penicillinsensitive individuals is likely quite low.21 Published studies on the pharmacokinetics or tissue residues of penicillamine are not avail ...
... cillin-sensitive individuals may react positively to ID challenge with penicillamine, the risk of severe reaction to orally administered penicillamine in penicillinsensitive individuals is likely quite low.21 Published studies on the pharmacokinetics or tissue residues of penicillamine are not avail ...
View Abstract - Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research
... history.11 Telmisartan is not metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system, and hence interactions with other drugs are uncommon. This is an advantage in the elderly, who are often receiving multiple medications, which increases the risk for adverse drug interactions. Dose adjustments are not usually r ...
... history.11 Telmisartan is not metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system, and hence interactions with other drugs are uncommon. This is an advantage in the elderly, who are often receiving multiple medications, which increases the risk for adverse drug interactions. Dose adjustments are not usually r ...
March 2008
... 2. Drugs@FDA. Rockville, MD: Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm. Accessed February 23, 2008 3. FDA MedWatch. Antiepileptic Drugs. Food and Drug Administration Web site. http://www.fda.go ...
... 2. Drugs@FDA. Rockville, MD: Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm. Accessed February 23, 2008 3. FDA MedWatch. Antiepileptic Drugs. Food and Drug Administration Web site. http://www.fda.go ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.