Lecture 2 - School of Earth and Environment
... • dark, dense igneous rock • rich in iron and magnesium • Core • iron and a small amount of nickel ...
... • dark, dense igneous rock • rich in iron and magnesium • Core • iron and a small amount of nickel ...
Outline General Geology 2011
... - Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks: 1. Composition and structures of minerals 2. Physical properties of minerals 3. Mineral groups 4. Silicate minerals - Rocks: Materials of the Lithosphere 1. Rock cycle 2. Igneous rocks 3. Physical weathering 4. Chemical weathering 5. Sedimentary rocks 6. Metamor ...
... - Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks: 1. Composition and structures of minerals 2. Physical properties of minerals 3. Mineral groups 4. Silicate minerals - Rocks: Materials of the Lithosphere 1. Rock cycle 2. Igneous rocks 3. Physical weathering 4. Chemical weathering 5. Sedimentary rocks 6. Metamor ...
Types of Igneous Rock - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... 2) Intermediate rocks have a chemical composition falling somewhere between silicic and mafic (their silica content is from 65% down to 50%). 3) Mafic rocks contain from 50% down to 45% silica. These rocks also contain magnesium and iron. The “ma” in mafic comes from magnesium. 4) Ultramafic rocks h ...
... 2) Intermediate rocks have a chemical composition falling somewhere between silicic and mafic (their silica content is from 65% down to 50%). 3) Mafic rocks contain from 50% down to 45% silica. These rocks also contain magnesium and iron. The “ma” in mafic comes from magnesium. 4) Ultramafic rocks h ...
26 Sep: Volcano Processes
... Deep rock moves upward to fill the space created carrying heat with it! ...
... Deep rock moves upward to fill the space created carrying heat with it! ...
Plate Boundaries - Valhalla High School
... Theory of Continental Drift? • Alfred Wegner, 1915 • The continents were once a super-continent called Pangea • the continents are plowing through the ocean floors---most people didn’t believe this ...
... Theory of Continental Drift? • Alfred Wegner, 1915 • The continents were once a super-continent called Pangea • the continents are plowing through the ocean floors---most people didn’t believe this ...
Thermal isostasy —a new look at its potential to advance diluvial
... basalts’—have been emplaced in very short geologic times. One of the most famous LIPs—India’s Deccan Traps— consists of over half a million cubic kilometres of basalt emplaced in less than 30,000 years (from within the uniformitarian paradigm). Much ...
... basalts’—have been emplaced in very short geologic times. One of the most famous LIPs—India’s Deccan Traps— consists of over half a million cubic kilometres of basalt emplaced in less than 30,000 years (from within the uniformitarian paradigm). Much ...
Crustal Diapirism - Neutrino Geoscience 2008
... • Predominantly vertical (diapiric) crustal tectonics in the Early Earth; but also: • Supplies metabasalts to the lower crust to form TTGs (tonalites, trondhjemites and granodiorites) • Leaves a depleted restite which can be harzburgitic to dunitic (for komatiitic volcanism), and which can accumulat ...
... • Predominantly vertical (diapiric) crustal tectonics in the Early Earth; but also: • Supplies metabasalts to the lower crust to form TTGs (tonalites, trondhjemites and granodiorites) • Leaves a depleted restite which can be harzburgitic to dunitic (for komatiitic volcanism), and which can accumulat ...
Convection in the mantle is commonly related to plate tectonic
... Mantle Convection & Plate Tectonics: Basic Intro Convection in the mantle is commonly related to plate tectonic processes, but the primary cause is still under debate. Two forces acting on the plates include convective heat rising from deep in the Earth & the strong gravitational pull on the cold su ...
... Mantle Convection & Plate Tectonics: Basic Intro Convection in the mantle is commonly related to plate tectonic processes, but the primary cause is still under debate. Two forces acting on the plates include convective heat rising from deep in the Earth & the strong gravitational pull on the cold su ...
Chapter 10-11 Study Notes
... • ________ patterns on the ocean floor were puzzling because they showed alternating bands of ______ and _______ magnetic polarity. ...
... • ________ patterns on the ocean floor were puzzling because they showed alternating bands of ______ and _______ magnetic polarity. ...
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
... Bridge across the Álfagjá rift valley in southwest Iceland, the boundary between the Eurasian and North American continental tectonic plates. ...
... Bridge across the Álfagjá rift valley in southwest Iceland, the boundary between the Eurasian and North American continental tectonic plates. ...
1 - TeacherWeb
... 2. pyroclastic flow- volcanic ash and debris running down the side of a volcano during an eruption 3. vent- opening where magma is forced up and flows out onto Earth’s surface as lava; forming a volcano ...
... 2. pyroclastic flow- volcanic ash and debris running down the side of a volcano during an eruption 3. vent- opening where magma is forced up and flows out onto Earth’s surface as lava; forming a volcano ...
Happy Valentine`s Day!
... Last Time Hotspots – mantle plumes reach the surface; decompression melting to form basaltic magma; Hawaii, Mars, Venus; independent of plate boundaries Intrusive v. extrusive: coarse v. fine texture depends on cooling rate Three kinds of volcano: shield, stratovolcano, caldera – depends on magma t ...
... Last Time Hotspots – mantle plumes reach the surface; decompression melting to form basaltic magma; Hawaii, Mars, Venus; independent of plate boundaries Intrusive v. extrusive: coarse v. fine texture depends on cooling rate Three kinds of volcano: shield, stratovolcano, caldera – depends on magma t ...
Plate Tectonics
... Lithosphere- made of crust and upper mantle Asthenosphere- made of “plastic” part of mantle Mesosphere- made of strong part of mantle Outer Core- liquid layer of core Inner Core- solid layer of core ...
... Lithosphere- made of crust and upper mantle Asthenosphere- made of “plastic” part of mantle Mesosphere- made of strong part of mantle Outer Core- liquid layer of core Inner Core- solid layer of core ...
Igneous Petrology
... Pattern of global heat flux variations compiled from observations at over 20,000 sites. From Pollack, Hurter and Johnson. (1993) Rev. Geophys. 31, 267-280. Cross-section of the mantle based on a seismic tomography model. Arrows represent plate motions and large-scale mantle flow. Subduction zones sh ...
... Pattern of global heat flux variations compiled from observations at over 20,000 sites. From Pollack, Hurter and Johnson. (1993) Rev. Geophys. 31, 267-280. Cross-section of the mantle based on a seismic tomography model. Arrows represent plate motions and large-scale mantle flow. Subduction zones sh ...
Geography 12
... ____MAGMA____ is molten rock under the earth’s crust, from which igneous rocks are formed. __LAVA__________ is molten rock that reaches the earth’s surface from volcanic activity. _IGNEOUS_________ rock formed from the solidification (cooling) of magma below and above the earth’s surface. This type ...
... ____MAGMA____ is molten rock under the earth’s crust, from which igneous rocks are formed. __LAVA__________ is molten rock that reaches the earth’s surface from volcanic activity. _IGNEOUS_________ rock formed from the solidification (cooling) of magma below and above the earth’s surface. This type ...
Tectonic Plates Quiz
... 1. Match the appropriate pair of words to the blanks in the sentence that follows. The _________ lithosphere is approximately _____ thick. a) rigid; 200 kilometers c) plastic; 200 kilometers b) rigid; 2900 kilometers d) plastic; 2900 kilometers 2. The lithosphere is composed of which combination of ...
... 1. Match the appropriate pair of words to the blanks in the sentence that follows. The _________ lithosphere is approximately _____ thick. a) rigid; 200 kilometers c) plastic; 200 kilometers b) rigid; 2900 kilometers d) plastic; 2900 kilometers 2. The lithosphere is composed of which combination of ...
EPSC233ArcheanEarth2
... are extracting a more felsic magma (the aluminum, silica-rich minerals melt earlier than the Mg-rich silica-poor minerals.) This magma is less dense than the mantle and tends to rise through faults (large cracks in the ...
... are extracting a more felsic magma (the aluminum, silica-rich minerals melt earlier than the Mg-rich silica-poor minerals.) This magma is less dense than the mantle and tends to rise through faults (large cracks in the ...
Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including liquid rock (intrusive) or volcanic rock formations (extrusive), when hot magma extrudes from inside the Earth and flows out. The source of many or all LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with plate tectonics. Types of LIPs can include large volcanic provinces (LVP), created through flood basalt and large plutonic provinces (LPP). Eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurred in the past 250 million years, creating volcanic provinces, which coincided with mass extinctions in prehistoric times. Formation depends on a range of factors, such as continental configuration, latitude, volume, rate, duration of eruption, style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the biota resilience to change.