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... Amount of Earth’s surface (%) at different elevations and depths  70.8% of Earth covered by oceans  Average depth ocean 3729 m  Average elevation land 840 m  Uneven distribution of areas of different depths/elevations ...
Kelsea
Kelsea

... shake. These earthquakes can cause severe damage to land masses around the world. It is possible to tell what parts of the world are prone to earthquakes. It is possible because by finding out where tectonic plates are, you can make an educated guess where earthquakes will or won’t happen. There is ...
Igneous rocks igneous pix
Igneous rocks igneous pix

... rock, from the magma or lava that forms the rock. As old rock pushes down into the mantle and melts, it mixes with magma that is already there, forming slightly different magma. Over time, different igneous rocks have formed. Minerals have different colors, and these colors help identify the type of ...
Earthquakes - IHMC Public Cmaps (3)
Earthquakes - IHMC Public Cmaps (3)

... • The sudden displacement (movement) of land along a fault. • Movement causes waves to shake ground and damage the structures above • More than 1 million people have been killed this century • Caused by constant push, pull and twist of earth’s crust • Crust suddenly breaks and vibrate as they become ...
Volcano Project Checklist
Volcano Project Checklist

... _____ Description of what silica is and how it can impact the type of eruption caused. _____ Explanation of how the location of your volcano determines it’s eruption type. _____ Describe the types of hazards that different volcanic eruptions can create. _____ Identify the specific hazards of those d ...
GY111 Earth Materials
GY111 Earth Materials

... • Pyroclastic rocks: form from the explosive eruption of volcanoes – Ash: particles of glass – Tuff: a rock composed of fragments of pre-existing rock in an ash matrix – Pumice: a rock so full of voids (vesicles) that it can float in water (S.G. < 1.0) – Obsidian: massive volcanic glass ...
Earth Science Regents Review
Earth Science Regents Review

... layer (oceanic and continental) Lithosphere: crust and upper part of the mantle. Asthenosphere: top part of the mantle, convection occurs within ...
Shield Volcanoes
Shield Volcanoes

... emitted by volcanic steam). • This causes a lahar, or deadly mud flow. • Common in explosive volcanoes (cinder cones and composite/stratovolcanoes). ...
Plate Tectonics Rock Powerpoint
Plate Tectonics Rock Powerpoint

... • Continental Drift – theory, first advanced by Alfred Wegener, that Earth's continents were originally one land mass. Pieces of the land mass split off and migrated to form the continents. • Plate Tectonics – theory that the Earth's crust and upper mantle (the lithosphere) is broken into a number ...
Plate Tectonics PowerPoint plate_tectonics_2011
Plate Tectonics PowerPoint plate_tectonics_2011

... allows us to determine the age of Earth’s changing surface and to estimate the age of fossils found in the rocks. (6-8 ES3B) – In most locations sedimentary rocks are in horizontal formations with the oldest layers on the bottom. However, in some locations, rock layers are folded, tipped, or even in ...
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Rocky The Rock Cycle

... 1. By gravity - broken pieces of rock fall to the ground, and roll or slide down slopes.  2. By water - rivers and streams can transport all sizes of particles.  3. By wind - small grains of sand can be picked up and moved by the wind in dust storms.  4. By ice - ice rivers, called glaciers, can ...
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... from under ground pushes the magma to a crack in the crust of the earth. Then a volcano forms. ...
Section Quiz
Section Quiz

... Oregon, and northern California They are part of mid-ocean ridges along divergent plate boundaries. Magma rising to Earth’s surface at divergent boundaries makes midocean ridges volcanically active. when the peaks of volcanic mountains rise above sea level; the Azores in the North Atlantic on the oc ...
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... Where plates serving landmasses collide, the crust crumples and buckles into mountain ranges. India and Asia crashed about 55 million years ago, slowly giving rise to the Himalaya, the highest mountain system on Earth. As the mash-up continues, the mountains get higher. Mount Everest, the highest po ...
Crust - www .alexandria .k12 .mn .us
Crust - www .alexandria .k12 .mn .us

... different layers. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. The outer core and inner core are even hotter with pressures so great you would be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble if you wer ...
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PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW

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Earth!!! - CanScience
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... What are the 4 layers of the Earth? A: crust, mantle, inner and outer core What layer of the Earth is most dense? A: the core What layer of the Earth is hottest? A: the inner core What theory supports the movement of the plates? A: continental drift Name a piece of evidence supporting continental dr ...
pdf - University of Colorado Boulder
pdf - University of Colorado Boulder

The Earth An Intimate History R.Fortey August 18
The Earth An Intimate History R.Fortey August 18

... Plates either bump into each other, and when they collide, their edges buckle and there is uplift when one plate subducts under the other. The process is slow but not continuous but proceeding by small jerks, which are of very short duration (in geological terms) and felt as earthquakes. Or they spl ...
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... The Iron Catastrophe is the name given to this Layering event – Heavy elements (iron, nickel) sink to the center of the Earth – Lighter elements (silicon, oxygen) rise to the surface ...
Mountain Formation
Mountain Formation

... continental margin  Partial melting of mantle rock above the subducting plate generates magma that migrates upward  Accretionary wedge - the accumulation of different sedimentary and metamorphic rocks with some scraps of ocean crust that gathers on the landward side of a trench  The types of moun ...
Plate Tectonics Theory
Plate Tectonics Theory

... the mountain range. • Some mountains are growing and some are slowly shrinking due to erosion. • Appalachians, Alps, Rockies, Andes, Himalayas ...
STAGE I – Formation of Multiple Ore Deposits
STAGE I – Formation of Multiple Ore Deposits

... STAGE I – Formation of Multiple Ore Deposits The KSM and Pretium deposits were born in what is known as an island arc environment about 190 million years ago. Arc magmas are derived from partial melting of hydrated rocks which have been drawn down to higher pressure and temperature conditions during ...
Week #9: INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS
Week #9: INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS

... If a rock is made up of just one mineral it is homogeneous. (Dunite) If a rock is made up of more than one mineral it is heterogeneous. (Granite) If a mineral is made up of one element it is homogenous. (Sulfur) If a mineral is made up of more than one element it is heterogeneous. (Quartz) ...
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Large igneous province



A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including liquid rock (intrusive) or volcanic rock formations (extrusive), when hot magma extrudes from inside the Earth and flows out. The source of many or all LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with plate tectonics. Types of LIPs can include large volcanic provinces (LVP), created through flood basalt and large plutonic provinces (LPP). Eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurred in the past 250 million years, creating volcanic provinces, which coincided with mass extinctions in prehistoric times. Formation depends on a range of factors, such as continental configuration, latitude, volume, rate, duration of eruption, style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the biota resilience to change.
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