Inge Lehmann: Discoverer of the Earth`s Inner Core
... How can we find out what’s happening deep inside the Earth? The temperatures are too hot, pressures too extreme, and distances too vast to be explored by conventional probes. So scientists rely on seismic waves—shock waves generated by earthquakes and explosions that travel through Earth and acros ...
... How can we find out what’s happening deep inside the Earth? The temperatures are too hot, pressures too extreme, and distances too vast to be explored by conventional probes. So scientists rely on seismic waves—shock waves generated by earthquakes and explosions that travel through Earth and acros ...
Water Resources - Mayfield City Schools
... • Carbon dioxide is considered a "greenhouse gas" since it absorbs heat that would otherwise dissipate out into space. If there is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global temperatures are likely to increase. It is possible that plants will respond to the increased carbon dioxide and increased ...
... • Carbon dioxide is considered a "greenhouse gas" since it absorbs heat that would otherwise dissipate out into space. If there is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global temperatures are likely to increase. It is possible that plants will respond to the increased carbon dioxide and increased ...
Seismic Waves
... All earthquakes start beneath Earth’s surface. The focus of an earthquake is the point underground where rocks first begin to move. Seismic waves travel outward from the earthquake’s focus. The epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus. ...
... All earthquakes start beneath Earth’s surface. The focus of an earthquake is the point underground where rocks first begin to move. Seismic waves travel outward from the earthquake’s focus. The epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus. ...
Stress and Strain - El Molino High School
... critical point. At these breaks, rocks can move, releasing the energy built up as a result of stress. Earthquakes are the result of this movement and release of energy. ...
... critical point. At these breaks, rocks can move, releasing the energy built up as a result of stress. Earthquakes are the result of this movement and release of energy. ...
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
... • Crater- A bowl shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano around the central vent. • Pyroclastic Flow - Occurs when an explosive eruption hurls out a mixture of hot gases, ash, cinders, and bombs. ...
... • Crater- A bowl shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano around the central vent. • Pyroclastic Flow - Occurs when an explosive eruption hurls out a mixture of hot gases, ash, cinders, and bombs. ...
Linking continental drift, plate tectonics and the thermal state of the
... Continents slowly drift at the top of the mantle, sometimes colliding, splitting and aggregating. The evolutions of the continent configuration, as well as oceanic plate tectonics, are surface expressions of mantle convection and closely linked to the thermal state of the mantle; however, quantitativ ...
... Continents slowly drift at the top of the mantle, sometimes colliding, splitting and aggregating. The evolutions of the continent configuration, as well as oceanic plate tectonics, are surface expressions of mantle convection and closely linked to the thermal state of the mantle; however, quantitativ ...
Imaging subduction from the trench to 300 km depth beneath the
... Recent dense deployments of portable digital seismographs have provided excellent control on earthquakes beneath the central North Island of New Zealand. Here we use a subset of the best-recorded earthquakes in an inversion for the 3-D Vp and Vp/Vs structure. The data set includes 39 123 P observati ...
... Recent dense deployments of portable digital seismographs have provided excellent control on earthquakes beneath the central North Island of New Zealand. Here we use a subset of the best-recorded earthquakes in an inversion for the 3-D Vp and Vp/Vs structure. The data set includes 39 123 P observati ...
Scientists are monitoring volcanic activity at Yellowstone and if it
... type of eruption could have on Earth’s climate from the amount of volcanic dust and gases shot into the atmosphere. There is no doubt that when large explosive eruptions occur the whole planet can be impacted through climate change and the cooling of the planet. No one knows for sure how long the “v ...
... type of eruption could have on Earth’s climate from the amount of volcanic dust and gases shot into the atmosphere. There is no doubt that when large explosive eruptions occur the whole planet can be impacted through climate change and the cooling of the planet. No one knows for sure how long the “v ...
Poster NGC 2013 Transitional I-S type characteristics in the Main
... Lachlan Fold Belt and consistent with the I-type features. Thus it is likely that the source rocks of the Main Range Granite were either mildly peraluminous or mildly metaluminous in character. Partial melting of these source rocks will give rise to a mildly peraluminous magma. It is however a part ...
... Lachlan Fold Belt and consistent with the I-type features. Thus it is likely that the source rocks of the Main Range Granite were either mildly peraluminous or mildly metaluminous in character. Partial melting of these source rocks will give rise to a mildly peraluminous magma. It is however a part ...
Magnitude 7.7 SOLOMON ISLANDS
... Thursday, December 8, 2016 at 17:38:47 UTC The record of the earthquake in Bend, Oregon (BNOR) is illustrated below. Bend is 9838 km (6113 miles, 88.63°) from the location of this earthquake. Following the earthquake, it took 12 minutes and 54 seconds for the compressional P waves to travel a curved ...
... Thursday, December 8, 2016 at 17:38:47 UTC The record of the earthquake in Bend, Oregon (BNOR) is illustrated below. Bend is 9838 km (6113 miles, 88.63°) from the location of this earthquake. Following the earthquake, it took 12 minutes and 54 seconds for the compressional P waves to travel a curved ...
Global Tectonics - dynamicearth.de
... (Viljoen & Viljoen, 1969), are varieties of Mg-rich basalt and ultramafic lava that occur almost exclusively in Archean crust. The high Mg content (>18 wt% MgO) of these rocks (Nisbet et al., 1993; Arndt et al., 1997) commonly is used to infer melting temperatures that are higher than those of moder ...
... (Viljoen & Viljoen, 1969), are varieties of Mg-rich basalt and ultramafic lava that occur almost exclusively in Archean crust. The high Mg content (>18 wt% MgO) of these rocks (Nisbet et al., 1993; Arndt et al., 1997) commonly is used to infer melting temperatures that are higher than those of moder ...
The Quest for Self-Consistent Generation of Plate Tectonics in
... tectonics, since ‘new’ plate boundaries usually form along long-lived ‘pre-existing’ zones of weakness, and plate boundaries, once formed, may persist for hundreds of millions of years, possibly changing from one form to another [Scotese, 1991; Scotese et al., 1988]. The present state of the lithosp ...
... tectonics, since ‘new’ plate boundaries usually form along long-lived ‘pre-existing’ zones of weakness, and plate boundaries, once formed, may persist for hundreds of millions of years, possibly changing from one form to another [Scotese, 1991; Scotese et al., 1988]. The present state of the lithosp ...
RelativeActivity
... method begins with the careful drawing and description of strata (the geologic cross section or profile). Relative age dating assumes that the lower layers in any particular cross section are older than the upper layers in that cross section (“the law of superposition”) and that an object cannot be ...
... method begins with the careful drawing and description of strata (the geologic cross section or profile). Relative age dating assumes that the lower layers in any particular cross section are older than the upper layers in that cross section (“the law of superposition”) and that an object cannot be ...
Who™s On First - Minneota Public Schools
... method begins with the careful drawing and description of strata (the geologic cross section or profile). Relative age dating assumes that the lower layers in any particular cross section are older than the upper layers in that cross section (“the law of superposition”) and that an object cannot be ...
... method begins with the careful drawing and description of strata (the geologic cross section or profile). Relative age dating assumes that the lower layers in any particular cross section are older than the upper layers in that cross section (“the law of superposition”) and that an object cannot be ...
Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world`s ocean
... was formed in the region [Stampfli and Borel, 2002]. There is evidence that the Levant Basin (adjacent to Lebanon, Israel) has a Triassic opening age [Garfunkel, 2004] and there is additional evidence for Permian rifting. Lastly, the Northeast African margin and Herodotus Basin (between Crete and Cy ...
... was formed in the region [Stampfli and Borel, 2002]. There is evidence that the Levant Basin (adjacent to Lebanon, Israel) has a Triassic opening age [Garfunkel, 2004] and there is additional evidence for Permian rifting. Lastly, the Northeast African margin and Herodotus Basin (between Crete and Cy ...
Name
... Indicator 1: Describe the rock cycle and explain that there are sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks that have distinct properties (e.g., color, texture) and are formed in different ways. Indicator 2: Explain that rocks are made of one or more minerals. Identify minerals by their characteristi ...
... Indicator 1: Describe the rock cycle and explain that there are sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks that have distinct properties (e.g., color, texture) and are formed in different ways. Indicator 2: Explain that rocks are made of one or more minerals. Identify minerals by their characteristi ...
Earthquakes – Chapter 6
... Shake or shear waves Second to be recorded Slower and more destructive than P waves Rocks are moved from side to side as the wave passes, moving at right angles to the direction of wave motion • Transverse waves, like water waves • Move through solid only ...
... Shake or shear waves Second to be recorded Slower and more destructive than P waves Rocks are moved from side to side as the wave passes, moving at right angles to the direction of wave motion • Transverse waves, like water waves • Move through solid only ...
What are Earthquakes
... that mountains and volcanoes also form when plates move. The teacher will show the students slide 10, and say, “Not all places have earthquakes. On this map, all of the dots are earthquakes. Most earthquakes happen near the edges of plates. You can see the outline of some of the plates. There is an ...
... that mountains and volcanoes also form when plates move. The teacher will show the students slide 10, and say, “Not all places have earthquakes. On this map, all of the dots are earthquakes. Most earthquakes happen near the edges of plates. You can see the outline of some of the plates. There is an ...
Geochemical characteristics of granitic rocks underlying ion
... underlying rocks are commonly alkali granites (partially alkaline volcanic rocks), which were likely formed by a low degree of partial melting. Low P2O5 contents are required for the underlying granitic rocks, because the occurrence of monazite-(Ce) and secondary phosphate minerals may inhibit the a ...
... underlying rocks are commonly alkali granites (partially alkaline volcanic rocks), which were likely formed by a low degree of partial melting. Low P2O5 contents are required for the underlying granitic rocks, because the occurrence of monazite-(Ce) and secondary phosphate minerals may inhibit the a ...
Earthquakes Jeopardy
... A theory that plates float on the asthenosphere and that interactions among the plates are related to ...
... A theory that plates float on the asthenosphere and that interactions among the plates are related to ...
WWU Geology Department Outcomes Assessment
... The department has chosen one or two courses in which to assess each of the ten program outcomes. The matrix below shows which courses are chosen for such assessment (red); yellow boxes indicate courses in which the program outcome is addressed but not assessed departmentally. ...
... The department has chosen one or two courses in which to assess each of the ten program outcomes. The matrix below shows which courses are chosen for such assessment (red); yellow boxes indicate courses in which the program outcome is addressed but not assessed departmentally. ...
Ridge push, mantle plumes and the speed of the Indian plate
... versed polarity part of anomaly 26 envelopes a median valley at the ridge crest suggesting its abandonment during intermediate to slow seafloor spreading at some point in the period 61.1–58.74 Ma (Gradstein et al. 2004). The northern part of the median valley is sinuous between 13.5◦ S and 10.5◦ S. ...
... versed polarity part of anomaly 26 envelopes a median valley at the ridge crest suggesting its abandonment during intermediate to slow seafloor spreading at some point in the period 61.1–58.74 Ma (Gradstein et al. 2004). The northern part of the median valley is sinuous between 13.5◦ S and 10.5◦ S. ...
Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including liquid rock (intrusive) or volcanic rock formations (extrusive), when hot magma extrudes from inside the Earth and flows out. The source of many or all LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with plate tectonics. Types of LIPs can include large volcanic provinces (LVP), created through flood basalt and large plutonic provinces (LPP). Eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurred in the past 250 million years, creating volcanic provinces, which coincided with mass extinctions in prehistoric times. Formation depends on a range of factors, such as continental configuration, latitude, volume, rate, duration of eruption, style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the biota resilience to change.