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No. 2005:5 A BASIC FINNISH CLIMATE DATA SET 1961
No. 2005:5 A BASIC FINNISH CLIMATE DATA SET 1961

... daily synoptic measurements. The daily maximum temperature is that measured between 18 UTC on the previous day and at 18 UTC on the date of the observation. The daily minimum temperature is also that recorded between 18 UTC on the previous day and 18 UTC on the date of the observation. Temperatures ...
The IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources
The IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources

... • Objective: Regular reports on the latest state of the art in climate science • Four subject areas and three working groups • 100 – 200 scientists nominated and selected for each report (representing the best in the field and from all world regions) • Multiple scientific and government review of ea ...
Annual and seasonal mean temperatures in Finland during the
Annual and seasonal mean temperatures in Finland during the

... Mean station elevation (m) ...
Expected changes in future temperature extremes
Expected changes in future temperature extremes

... screened through a correlation analysis with daily maximum (minimum) temperature at each of the 13 stations. Furthermore, experiences and recommendations from similar studies in China and neighboring regions were also taken into account (Anandhi et al., 2009; Chu et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2012). Si ...
Climate Change Attribution Using Empirical Decomposition of
Climate Change Attribution Using Empirical Decomposition of

... constrained. Each factor considered is uncertain both in terms of forcing and in terms of data, as documented by Scafetta [2009]. For example, while greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4 no doubt have a warming effect and sulfate aerosols produced by volcanoes or industrial emissions no doubt have a ...
Urban heat island effects on estimates of observed climate change
Urban heat island effects on estimates of observed climate change

... Furthermore, real but weak urban warming may not be identified because the urban warming trend may not be statistically significant because of the brevity of the record and/or the natural variability of climate. Brohan et al.,17 whose land air temperatures are upgrades of Jones et al.,18,19 acknowle ...
Global/Regional/Local-Scale Climate Change - A Reality Check
Global/Regional/Local-Scale Climate Change - A Reality Check

... and Addressing Addressing Uncertainties, Uncertainties, Committee Committee on on Radiative Radiative Forcing Forcing Effects Effects on on Climate, Climate, Climate Climate Research Research Committee, Committee, 224 ...
Econometrics and the Science of Climate Change
Econometrics and the Science of Climate Change

... its growth rate is increasing, and of N2O, 11 per cent over that period (in total, not p.a.), against 13 per cent in CO2 (IPCC, Solomon et al. 2007:141). “The major (95%) sink for methane is OH radicals in the troposphere. These are concentrated in the tropics as water vapour is their source and wat ...
Reconstruction of Summer Temperatures in Interior Alaska from
Reconstruction of Summer Temperatures in Interior Alaska from

... circulation center. The high center brings clear skies and warm dry continental air from the east at the season of maximum surface heating from the long daylight hours near the Arctic Circle. Negative surface-pressure height anomalies over the Yukon Territory of Canada and over northern Siberia repr ...
Spatial models reveal the microclimatic buffering capacity of old
Spatial models reveal the microclimatic buffering capacity of old

... therefore have the potential to mitigate climate warming at local scales. Management strategies to conserve old-growth characteristics and to curb current rates of primary forest loss could maintain microrefugia, enhancing biodiversity persistence in mountainous systems under climate warming. ...
GCOS Status and Plans
GCOS Status and Plans

... - finding key data centres for ECVs like ice sheets, albedo, etc. - financing workshops to gather communities around cross-cutting ECVs - definition new terrestrial ECVs - re-activation of the GTOS partnership/support – or find new supporting partners ...
V00d*_ppt
V00d*_ppt

... 2. Recognise the lags in these processes. We are currently adding around 2.5 ppm/a CO2_equ of GHGs and the current stock of all GHGs is 430 ppm CO2_equ And these stocks affect temperatures with a lag: already committed to at least ½ºC more in the next few decades from emissions we have already made. ...
Quantifying the contribution of land use change to surface
Quantifying the contribution of land use change to surface

... Kipp & Zonen) fluxes at half-hour intervals. Additional information about both the observations and sites such as the location and spatial distribution of sites can be found in a previous study (Guo et al., 2016). The analysis focuses on March to August in 2013. This is because the eddy covariance m ...
The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change: How
The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change: How

... the IPCC conclusion. One is the National Academy of Sciences report, Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions (2001), which originated from a White House request. Here is how it opens: ‘‘Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES UNCERTAINTY, CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES UNCERTAINTY, CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

... Introduction ...
Post-2012 Issues under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol
Post-2012 Issues under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol

... • Kyoto - aims to reduce overall developed country emissions by about 5% below 1990 levels over ‘first commitment period’ 2008-2012 • Kyoto anticipates ‘subsequent’ commitment periods, but does not specify duration or goal • How to select a level of ambition for Kyoto Parties? • How can the Conventi ...
Common garden experiments reveal uncommon responses
Common garden experiments reveal uncommon responses

... most empirical studies of recent responses to warming focus on individual species and/or locations (but see Pelini et al. 2011) as invariant units of analysis. However, the rate, magnitude, and direction of the responses to warming or other climatic changes by different individuals ...
2005 Exxon Foundation 990 vs Exxon Giving Report
2005 Exxon Foundation 990 vs Exxon Giving Report

... Under increasing scrutiny and pressure over the past two years from scientists, policy makers and the public, the company was forced to reveal that it had stopped funding a handful of organizations identified as part of the company’s denial campaign on global warming. In July 2006, ExxonMobil met wi ...
Summary for Policymakers - Climate Change Reconsidered
Summary for Policymakers - Climate Change Reconsidered

... to provide a thorough analysis of climate change in the round. All three of the IPCC’s lines of reasoning, summarized in Figure 2, depart from proper scientific methodology. Global climate models produce meaningful results only if we assume we already know perfectly how the global climate works, and ...
Thermal pollution causes global warming
Thermal pollution causes global warming

... net OLR has increased and in 1999 one third of the thermal pollution was emitted as OLR. The current use of nonrenewable energy requires a further global temperature increase of 1.8 jC, until Earth is again in thermal equilibrium. Then the total net heat generation (0.088 W m 2) will be emitted as ...
Global warming - The Open University
Global warming - The Open University

... time there have been ‘hot-house’ periods and ice ages. In order to understand the current situation, it is necessary to have some sense of context and perspective, from historical and geological time-scales. The document below shows a chart showing a generalised temperature history of the Earth. Cli ...
Powerpoint version
Powerpoint version

... Data basis - ice cores. This chart shows a 10,000-year period during the last ice age recovery. The temperature changes, then CO2 responds 500 to 800 years later. ...
An Engineer`s Critique of Global Warming `Science`
An Engineer`s Critique of Global Warming `Science`

... Data basis - ice cores. This chart shows a 10,000-year period during the last ice age recovery. The temperature changes, then CO2 responds 500 to 800 years later. ...
vip_measures_review_.. - The VIP Research Lab.
vip_measures_review_.. - The VIP Research Lab.

... environmental changes, especially temperature. Wide ranges of phenomena are included, from first openings of leaf and flower buds, to insect hatchings and return of birds. Each one gives a ready measure of the environment as viewed by the associated organism. Thus, phenological events are ideal indi ...
Project Overview - The VIP Research Lab.
Project Overview - The VIP Research Lab.

... environmental changes, especially temperature. Wide ranges of phenomena are included, from first openings of leaf and flower buds, to insect hatchings and return of birds. Each one gives a ready measure of the environment as viewed by the associated organism. Thus, phenological events are ideal indi ...
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North Report

The North Report was a 2006 report evaluating reconstructions of the temperature record of the past two millennia, providing an overview of the state of the science and the implications for understanding of global warming. It was produced by a National Research Council committee, chaired by Gerald North, at the request of Representative Sherwood Boehlert as chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science.These reconstructions had been dubbed ""hockey stick graphs"" after the 1999 reconstruction by Mann, Bradley and Hughes (MBH99), which used the methodology of their 1998 reconstruction covering 600 years (MBH98). A graph based on MBH99 was featured prominently in the 2001 IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), and became a focus of the global warming controversy over the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It was disputed by various contrarians, and in the politicisation of this hockey stick controversy the New York Times of 14 February 2005 hailed a paper by businessman Stephen McIntyre and economist Ross McKitrick (MM05) as undermining the scientific consensus behind the Kyoto agreement. On 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, with Ed Whitfield, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, wrote joint letters referring to issues raised by the Wall Street Journal article, and demanding that Mann, Bradley and Hughes provide full records on their data and methods, finances and careers, information about grants provided to the institutions they had worked for, and the exact computer codes used to generate their results. Boehlert said this was a ""misguided and illegitimate investigation"" into something that should properly be under the jurisdiction of the Science Committee, and in November 2005 after Barton dismissed the offer of an independent investigation organised by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Boehlert requested the review, which became the North Report.The North Report went through a rigorous review process, and was published on 22 June 2006. It concluded ""with a high level of confidence that global mean surface temperature was higher during the last few decades of the 20th century than during any comparable period during the preceding four centuries"", justified by consistent evidence from a wide variety of geographically diverse proxies, but ""Less confidence can be placed in large-scale surface temperature reconstructions for the period from 900 to 1600"". It broadly agreed with the basic findings of the original MBH studies, which subsequently been supported by other reconstructions and proxy records, while emphasising uncertainties over earlier periods. The principal component analysis methodology that McIntyre and McKitrick had contested had a small tendency to bias results so was not recommended—but it had little influence on the final reconstructions, and other methods produced similar results.
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