Simple indices of global climate variability and change: Part I
... 2.1.2 Paleo-climate reconstructions In addition to the instrumental record described, the multi-proxy climate reconstructions of Mann et al. (2000a, b) have been used as a representation of surface temperature variations for the period 1700–1900. Previous studies have shown that these data can be us ...
... 2.1.2 Paleo-climate reconstructions In addition to the instrumental record described, the multi-proxy climate reconstructions of Mann et al. (2000a, b) have been used as a representation of surface temperature variations for the period 1700–1900. Previous studies have shown that these data can be us ...
Annex 7 - Science Search
... temperatures above which development can occur and below which development ceases. Some pest species may be able to complete more generations with higher temperatures (if these are below lethal high temperatures). There is abundant information available about the effects of temperature on aphids. Fo ...
... temperatures above which development can occur and below which development ceases. Some pest species may be able to complete more generations with higher temperatures (if these are below lethal high temperatures). There is abundant information available about the effects of temperature on aphids. Fo ...
An update on EEA and EIONET activities
... • Updated chapters of EMEP/EEA Guidebook (following TFEIP) • Assessment of air quality impacts following full implementation of selected European policy measures for air pollutant emissions (June) • Annual EU GHG inventory 1990-2008 and inventory report 2010 (end May) • GHG emission trends and proje ...
... • Updated chapters of EMEP/EEA Guidebook (following TFEIP) • Assessment of air quality impacts following full implementation of selected European policy measures for air pollutant emissions (June) • Annual EU GHG inventory 1990-2008 and inventory report 2010 (end May) • GHG emission trends and proje ...
CO2, the greenhouse effect and global warming: from the
... developing equations to quantify how widely atmospheric CO2 would have to vary in order to bring about changes to both colder and warmer climates sufficient to explain the ice ages. The calculations involved balancing the radiative heat budget (thereby assuming a state of equilibrium), namely solar ...
... developing equations to quantify how widely atmospheric CO2 would have to vary in order to bring about changes to both colder and warmer climates sufficient to explain the ice ages. The calculations involved balancing the radiative heat budget (thereby assuming a state of equilibrium), namely solar ...
Tall tales and Fat tails: The science and economics of extreme
... butions. Many distributions have been published (see figure 2), along with a number of review and meta-analysis papers utilizing collections of distributions (Meinshausen et al., 2009). From this literature three stylized facts emerge. First, there are differences—at times large—between the various ...
... butions. Many distributions have been published (see figure 2), along with a number of review and meta-analysis papers utilizing collections of distributions (Meinshausen et al., 2009). From this literature three stylized facts emerge. First, there are differences—at times large—between the various ...
Consensus‟ Exposed: The CRU Controversy - Inhofe
... by politics. It‘s about listening to what our scientists have to say even when it‘s inconvenient— especially when it‘s inconvenient.‖ -- President Barack Obama, December 20, 2008 ―The two MMs have been after the CRU station data for years. If they ever hear there is a Freedom of Information Act now ...
... by politics. It‘s about listening to what our scientists have to say even when it‘s inconvenient— especially when it‘s inconvenient.‖ -- President Barack Obama, December 20, 2008 ―The two MMs have been after the CRU station data for years. If they ever hear there is a Freedom of Information Act now ...
The global warming hiatus: Slowdown or redistribution?
... marine air temperatures to correct SSTs, the index of global surface mean temperature is not a direct measure of SSTs as these trends are modified by marine air temperatures. In addition, studies found that by including the polar regions in the global mean temperature trend estimation, the trend incr ...
... marine air temperatures to correct SSTs, the index of global surface mean temperature is not a direct measure of SSTs as these trends are modified by marine air temperatures. In addition, studies found that by including the polar regions in the global mean temperature trend estimation, the trend incr ...
Seasonal and spatial heterogeneity of recent sea surface
... (Venezuela) and the eastern Florida shelf. Winter SST trends showed contrasting patterns in the Caribbean Sea and south-eastern Gulf of Mexico (Fig. 3A). The regional average was 0.18 °C decade1. However, many pixels showed non-significant trends (p > 0.05, Fig. 3B). Very fast warming of winter temp ...
... (Venezuela) and the eastern Florida shelf. Winter SST trends showed contrasting patterns in the Caribbean Sea and south-eastern Gulf of Mexico (Fig. 3A). The regional average was 0.18 °C decade1. However, many pixels showed non-significant trends (p > 0.05, Fig. 3B). Very fast warming of winter temp ...
CONSIDERING THE HUMAN INFLUENCE ON CLIMATE
... George C. Marshall Institute, Washington, DC May 14, 2009 ...
... George C. Marshall Institute, Washington, DC May 14, 2009 ...
JEDC_email_exchange_2
... On the other errors in Tol (2013), I am disappointed that Professor Tol has sought to convince you that they do not need correcting. However, I think it is relatively straightforward for you to verify that they are indeed errors. I have attached copies of two of the relevant papers which Professor T ...
... On the other errors in Tol (2013), I am disappointed that Professor Tol has sought to convince you that they do not need correcting. However, I think it is relatively straightforward for you to verify that they are indeed errors. I have attached copies of two of the relevant papers which Professor T ...
Global warming and the Arctic: a new world beyond the reach of the
... regions has been the focus of much interest for several important reasons. The high latitudes of the northern hemisphere will probably warm more quickly and to a greater extent than other areas of the globe (Callaghan et al., 2005; IPCC, 2007a; IPCC, 2007b; IPCC, 2007c). This effect has been referre ...
... regions has been the focus of much interest for several important reasons. The high latitudes of the northern hemisphere will probably warm more quickly and to a greater extent than other areas of the globe (Callaghan et al., 2005; IPCC, 2007a; IPCC, 2007b; IPCC, 2007c). This effect has been referre ...
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... Although the increases in temperature patterns have been reported in past centuries, more variability and changes are projected in coming years (IPCC, 2007). Recent progressive increase in temperature results from global warming caused by rapid increase of greenhouse gases concentrations in the atmo ...
... Although the increases in temperature patterns have been reported in past centuries, more variability and changes are projected in coming years (IPCC, 2007). Recent progressive increase in temperature results from global warming caused by rapid increase of greenhouse gases concentrations in the atmo ...
Link between land-ocean warming contrast and surface relative
... calculation of the multimodel median. Absolute rather than fractional changes in relative humidity are shown in Figure 1b. equivalent potential temperature we will later use (which does not consider the ice phase of water), we approximately adjust the relative humidities to be always with respect to ...
... calculation of the multimodel median. Absolute rather than fractional changes in relative humidity are shown in Figure 1b. equivalent potential temperature we will later use (which does not consider the ice phase of water), we approximately adjust the relative humidities to be always with respect to ...
Link between landocean warming contrast and surface relative
... [18] In summary, both the land-ocean contrast in the control climate and the land relative humidity change contribute strongly to the warming contrast in the tropics, with a smaller contribution from the ocean relative humidity change that is also positive. Only the land relative humidity change is ...
... [18] In summary, both the land-ocean contrast in the control climate and the land relative humidity change contribute strongly to the warming contrast in the tropics, with a smaller contribution from the ocean relative humidity change that is also positive. Only the land relative humidity change is ...
English - Global Environment Facility
... Ensure the scientific and technical quality of GEF projects and programmatic approaches ...
... Ensure the scientific and technical quality of GEF projects and programmatic approaches ...
A 700 Year Record of Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Climate
... dominant mode of circulation for the extratropics (Thompson and Wallace, 2000) (Fig. 1b). Persistence and position of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL), the South Pacific component of the seesaw, is associated with meridional circulation south of New Zealand imposed by the presence of the Australian land m ...
... dominant mode of circulation for the extratropics (Thompson and Wallace, 2000) (Fig. 1b). Persistence and position of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL), the South Pacific component of the seesaw, is associated with meridional circulation south of New Zealand imposed by the presence of the Australian land m ...
Temperature Variability over Africa - Weather Center
... this warming has occurred in the last 30 years, but they conclude that urban growth may have compromised the data records since their examination of 19 nonurban weather stations in South Africa indicated no significant warming during this recent period. Adding to this body of research, Kruger and Sho ...
... this warming has occurred in the last 30 years, but they conclude that urban growth may have compromised the data records since their examination of 19 nonurban weather stations in South Africa indicated no significant warming during this recent period. Adding to this body of research, Kruger and Sho ...
Science studies, climate change and the prospects for constructivist
... ‘the public come to believe that the scientific issues are settled, their views about global warming will change accordingly’ (EWG 2003: 138, 137). White House officials insisted on such extensive changes to the EPA’s (2003) state of the environment report that EPA scientists deleted almost all refe ...
... ‘the public come to believe that the scientific issues are settled, their views about global warming will change accordingly’ (EWG 2003: 138, 137). White House officials insisted on such extensive changes to the EPA’s (2003) state of the environment report that EPA scientists deleted almost all refe ...
REPORT Gridded 1 x 1 km climate and hydrological
... atmosphere, ocean, land surface and sea ice are an important tool in assessing climate change. GCMs project future precipitation and temperature usually at a horizontal grid scale of 100 x 100 km. This resolution is considered to be too coarse to properly resolve topographic effects. Results from GC ...
... atmosphere, ocean, land surface and sea ice are an important tool in assessing climate change. GCMs project future precipitation and temperature usually at a horizontal grid scale of 100 x 100 km. This resolution is considered to be too coarse to properly resolve topographic effects. Results from GC ...
Global Warming and Climate Change - Have You Been Presented The Full Story?
... Climate Variability and Change (USNA) - in which we were involved-did not attempt to provide regional or even national predictions of climate change.” Later in the letter in Nature, they conclude with, “We strongly agree that much more reliable regional climate simulations and analyses are needed. H ...
... Climate Variability and Change (USNA) - in which we were involved-did not attempt to provide regional or even national predictions of climate change.” Later in the letter in Nature, they conclude with, “We strongly agree that much more reliable regional climate simulations and analyses are needed. H ...
Tierney 1..8 - Science Advances
... rising greenhouse gases and temperature, we investigate the climate model projections under the high-emissions Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario for the 21st century. In this case, the same set of models overwhelmingly (≥90% in some regions) predict wetter conditions as greenho ...
... rising greenhouse gases and temperature, we investigate the climate model projections under the high-emissions Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario for the 21st century. In this case, the same set of models overwhelmingly (≥90% in some regions) predict wetter conditions as greenho ...
GDI 12 – Pre institute Aff and Case Neg
... up the shortfall. But the Senate could only stretch things out so far. When 2014 rolls around, the trust fund will be broke. Economic collapse by the end of the year without government intervention Huffington Post 5/22 ("CBO Report Says Deficit Reduction Will Cause New Recession," http://www.huffing ...
... up the shortfall. But the Senate could only stretch things out so far. When 2014 rolls around, the trust fund will be broke. Economic collapse by the end of the year without government intervention Huffington Post 5/22 ("CBO Report Says Deficit Reduction Will Cause New Recession," http://www.huffing ...
Assessing the Physical Science of Climate Change
... not in current models. Could sea level rise be much faster than thought? Some glaciological studies suggest this is transient and will stop. Others suggest it may increase. Future? ...
... not in current models. Could sea level rise be much faster than thought? Some glaciological studies suggest this is transient and will stop. Others suggest it may increase. Future? ...
Climate Dynamics and Global Change
... temperature records over land. Attempts have been made to use primarily records from areas minimally affected by urbanization, though urban heat island effects mayhave introduced errors on the order of 0.1°C. Ocean data are limited, and such data as are available have been "corrected" substantially ...
... temperature records over land. Attempts have been made to use primarily records from areas minimally affected by urbanization, though urban heat island effects mayhave introduced errors on the order of 0.1°C. Ocean data are limited, and such data as are available have been "corrected" substantially ...
Changing probabilities of daily temperature extremes in the UK
... GCMs are presented at coarse spatial resolutions one value for several degrees latitude by longitude representing many hundreds of thousands of square kilometres. For many impact assessments, estimates of site-specific, or local area, changes in climate are needed. Another limitation of using the di ...
... GCMs are presented at coarse spatial resolutions one value for several degrees latitude by longitude representing many hundreds of thousands of square kilometres. For many impact assessments, estimates of site-specific, or local area, changes in climate are needed. Another limitation of using the di ...