Novel Approaches to Study Climate Change Effects on Terrestrial
... in the soil (for example, Peterjohn and others 1993; Lukewille and Wright 1997; Bergh and Linder 1999), warmed mesh put on top of the soil (Ineson and others 1998b), infrared lamps (Harte and others 1995; Wan and others 2002), large whole ecosystem greenhouses (Van Breemen and others 1998), large op ...
... in the soil (for example, Peterjohn and others 1993; Lukewille and Wright 1997; Bergh and Linder 1999), warmed mesh put on top of the soil (Ineson and others 1998b), infrared lamps (Harte and others 1995; Wan and others 2002), large whole ecosystem greenhouses (Van Breemen and others 1998), large op ...
Reconstructing mid- to high-latitude marine climate and ocean
... Coralline algae are the most recently developed proxy archive discussed in this issue. While coralline algae are distributed in marine habitats from polar to tropical latitudes and from intertidal shores to the deepest reaches of the euphotic zone (Nelson, 2009), they have received comparably limite ...
... Coralline algae are the most recently developed proxy archive discussed in this issue. While coralline algae are distributed in marine habitats from polar to tropical latitudes and from intertidal shores to the deepest reaches of the euphotic zone (Nelson, 2009), they have received comparably limite ...
Multi-Model Projection of July–August Climate Extreme Changes
... This is the second part of the authors’ analysis on the output of 24 coupled climate models from the Twentieth-Century Climate in Coupled Models (20C3M) experiment and 1% per year CO2 increase experiment (to doubling) (1pctto2x) of phase 3 of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP3). The s ...
... This is the second part of the authors’ analysis on the output of 24 coupled climate models from the Twentieth-Century Climate in Coupled Models (20C3M) experiment and 1% per year CO2 increase experiment (to doubling) (1pctto2x) of phase 3 of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP3). The s ...
Warm climates of the past—a lesson for the future?
... negligible, so it is most probably the forcing term that introduces most uncertainty into estimates of sensitivity (although it should be noted that there is agreement among all the proxies that CO2 was significantly higher than in pre-industrial periods during the greenhouse climates of the Eocene). ...
... negligible, so it is most probably the forcing term that introduces most uncertainty into estimates of sensitivity (although it should be noted that there is agreement among all the proxies that CO2 was significantly higher than in pre-industrial periods during the greenhouse climates of the Eocene). ...
Guidelines for Writing Introductory Philosophy Papers One major
... When reconstructing an argument, it is often helpful to first read the article through in its entirety. This provides important information about how the paper is laid out. Then, in your second pass, begin by identifying the conclusion(s) being defended. In English we tend to identify conclusions wi ...
... When reconstructing an argument, it is often helpful to first read the article through in its entirety. This provides important information about how the paper is laid out. Then, in your second pass, begin by identifying the conclusion(s) being defended. In English we tend to identify conclusions wi ...
Temperature and trophic structure are driving microbial productivity
... competitive interactions suggest that an individual should perform best at the temperature found in its site of origin, due to local adaptation at the species-level (Kawecki and Ebert 2004) and species-sorting at the community-level (Leibold et al. 2004), and it should significantly underperform as i ...
... competitive interactions suggest that an individual should perform best at the temperature found in its site of origin, due to local adaptation at the species-level (Kawecki and Ebert 2004) and species-sorting at the community-level (Leibold et al. 2004), and it should significantly underperform as i ...
Extracting and analyzing the warming trend in
... the NASA database (GN , N H N , SH N ; GISTEMP Team, 2015; Hansen et al., 2010). These databases di¤er basically in two aspects: 1) the way temperatures are extrapolated (or not) into regions without observing stations. This is particularly important since the HadCRUT4 excludes most of the Arctic, w ...
... the NASA database (GN , N H N , SH N ; GISTEMP Team, 2015; Hansen et al., 2010). These databases di¤er basically in two aspects: 1) the way temperatures are extrapolated (or not) into regions without observing stations. This is particularly important since the HadCRUT4 excludes most of the Arctic, w ...
3. STRAW MAN 1: A PRELIMINARY VIEW OF THE TROPICAL
... early Paleogene tropical climate. Rather, these cruises returned to answer questions that have plagued the early Paleogene community for almost two decades. It is important to note that climate models themselves have evolved recently. We can now make predictions that are entirely independent of clim ...
... early Paleogene tropical climate. Rather, these cruises returned to answer questions that have plagued the early Paleogene community for almost two decades. It is important to note that climate models themselves have evolved recently. We can now make predictions that are entirely independent of clim ...
Differences between carbon budget estimates
... warming onto the simulated response to GHG and other forcings, and an estimate of the ratio of CO2 to total GHG radiative forcing or temperature response. Alternatively TCRE may be assessed from observations by applying observational constraints to the parameters of a simple carbon-cycle climate mod ...
... warming onto the simulated response to GHG and other forcings, and an estimate of the ratio of CO2 to total GHG radiative forcing or temperature response. Alternatively TCRE may be assessed from observations by applying observational constraints to the parameters of a simple carbon-cycle climate mod ...
Warming Good - RS - DDI
... Warming is key to marine ecosystems Craig D. Idso, founder of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, “Study: Global Warming Will Benefit Marine Life”, 10/4/10, http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2010/10/04/study-global-warming-will-benefit-marine-life) Seventeen Austr ...
... Warming is key to marine ecosystems Craig D. Idso, founder of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, “Study: Global Warming Will Benefit Marine Life”, 10/4/10, http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2010/10/04/study-global-warming-will-benefit-marine-life) Seventeen Austr ...
Reliable Science: Overcoming Public Doubts in the Climate Change
... of familiarity with technical problems,24 industry propaganda25 and political luddites.26 Yet, the dispute is not about the basic principles of climate change science. For example, the scientific basis for the greenhouse effect, which maintains that greenhouse gases ("GHG")in the atmosphere trap and ...
... of familiarity with technical problems,24 industry propaganda25 and political luddites.26 Yet, the dispute is not about the basic principles of climate change science. For example, the scientific basis for the greenhouse effect, which maintains that greenhouse gases ("GHG")in the atmosphere trap and ...
off the charts: 2013 was australia`s hottest year
... El Niño years are normally warmer than usual, while La Niña years are cooler. Over the past decade all years except one (2011) have recorded annual mean temperatures above average. Australian land surface temperatures have risen by about 1°C over the past century, with most of the rise occurring sin ...
... El Niño years are normally warmer than usual, while La Niña years are cooler. Over the past decade all years except one (2011) have recorded annual mean temperatures above average. Australian land surface temperatures have risen by about 1°C over the past century, with most of the rise occurring sin ...
Climate Skepticism and the Manufacture of Doubt: Can Dissent in
... to represent the international state of knowledge about the issues of climate change. The IPCC assessment reports demonstrate that this broad consensus – over issues such as the state of research, adequate research methods, open questions, and remaining uncertainties – has been highly epistemically ...
... to represent the international state of knowledge about the issues of climate change. The IPCC assessment reports demonstrate that this broad consensus – over issues such as the state of research, adequate research methods, open questions, and remaining uncertainties – has been highly epistemically ...
Climate Change and Protection of the Habitat: Empirical Evidence
... this link is governed by the thermodynamics of water vapour combined with the quantum mechanics of water vapour absorption of IR radiation. We will now look at a more critical test of the water vapour feedback. Fortunately, the planet does a spectacular experiment every year. Each year, when we inte ...
... this link is governed by the thermodynamics of water vapour combined with the quantum mechanics of water vapour absorption of IR radiation. We will now look at a more critical test of the water vapour feedback. Fortunately, the planet does a spectacular experiment every year. Each year, when we inte ...
Differential effects of temperature change and human impact on
... fossil records, which complicate the calibration of realistic and accurate ecological niche modeling. Here, we overcome this problem by using ecotypes, and not real species, to run our models. We created 40 ecotypes with different temperature requirements (mean temperature from 20 °C to 25 °C and te ...
... fossil records, which complicate the calibration of realistic and accurate ecological niche modeling. Here, we overcome this problem by using ecotypes, and not real species, to run our models. We created 40 ecotypes with different temperature requirements (mean temperature from 20 °C to 25 °C and te ...
House of Commons
... Draft Special Report (Plastic bags: Government Response to the Committee’s Eleventh Report of Session 2013-14), proposed by the Chair, brought up, read the first and second time, and agreed to. The Government’s response to the Eleventh Report from the Committee was appended to the Report. Resolved, ...
... Draft Special Report (Plastic bags: Government Response to the Committee’s Eleventh Report of Session 2013-14), proposed by the Chair, brought up, read the first and second time, and agreed to. The Government’s response to the Eleventh Report from the Committee was appended to the Report. Resolved, ...
Characterizing and attributing the warming trend in sea and land
... of the climate system. The apparent slowdown in the warming provides a good example about the need of distinguishing between observed temperature series and the underlying warming trend. Year 2015 was the warmest on record by a considerable margin, does this imply that the slowdown in the warming h ...
... of the climate system. The apparent slowdown in the warming provides a good example about the need of distinguishing between observed temperature series and the underlying warming trend. Year 2015 was the warmest on record by a considerable margin, does this imply that the slowdown in the warming h ...
On development, demography and climate change: The end of the
... It is important to stress that, contrary to popular impressions, these key conclusions are accepted by virtually all of the world’s climate scientists; there is no substantive disagreement on the matter (see Oreskes 2004). The most recent IPCC assessment concluded that during the final two decades o ...
... It is important to stress that, contrary to popular impressions, these key conclusions are accepted by virtually all of the world’s climate scientists; there is no substantive disagreement on the matter (see Oreskes 2004). The most recent IPCC assessment concluded that during the final two decades o ...
Global air temperature variability independent of sea
... 2008; Robock and Mao, 1995; Sutton and Hodson, 2007; Thompson et al., 2009). In a study of global temperature change during the 19th and 20th centuries Andronova and Schlesinger (2000) suggest that anthropogenic effects are the dominant cause of global warming, but that there are additional factors ...
... 2008; Robock and Mao, 1995; Sutton and Hodson, 2007; Thompson et al., 2009). In a study of global temperature change during the 19th and 20th centuries Andronova and Schlesinger (2000) suggest that anthropogenic effects are the dominant cause of global warming, but that there are additional factors ...
Spatial and interannual variations of seasonal sea surface
... set for each pixel, but the availability of satellite data for the Baltic Sea is limited owing to frequent cloudiness and ice cover in the north. There were no data for December 2003 and 2005, and the remaining fields had some gaps covering 3–75% of the sea area (less than 20% for most fields). Only t ...
... set for each pixel, but the availability of satellite data for the Baltic Sea is limited owing to frequent cloudiness and ice cover in the north. There were no data for December 2003 and 2005, and the remaining fields had some gaps covering 3–75% of the sea area (less than 20% for most fields). Only t ...
Ideological cultures and media discourses on
... 2. Science, ideology and the media Studies of the relation of science and the media were for long dominated by a “transmissional” notion of communication. The “canonical view,” typically conceptualizing science communication as “popularization,” was centered on issues of quantity and rigor: how much ...
... 2. Science, ideology and the media Studies of the relation of science and the media were for long dominated by a “transmissional” notion of communication. The “canonical view,” typically conceptualizing science communication as “popularization,” was centered on issues of quantity and rigor: how much ...
SEACAMd
... stands out compared to capturing thunderstorm development in the lower latitudes • The results for regions in the north and south are encouraging with the RCM simulations able to pick out the seasonal rainfall maxima during the June-September season (JJAS) for Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, T ...
... stands out compared to capturing thunderstorm development in the lower latitudes • The results for regions in the north and south are encouraging with the RCM simulations able to pick out the seasonal rainfall maxima during the June-September season (JJAS) for Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, T ...
PDO Annual has a period of 55-60 years
... Coordinating Lead Author of IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)Working Group 1(WG1), Chapter 3: (Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change) Kevin Trenberth in a Nature June 2007 weblog noted “None of the models used by IPCC are initialized to the observed state and none of the climate sta ...
... Coordinating Lead Author of IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)Working Group 1(WG1), Chapter 3: (Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change) Kevin Trenberth in a Nature June 2007 weblog noted “None of the models used by IPCC are initialized to the observed state and none of the climate sta ...
Climate model simulations of the observed early-2000s - e
... the 1990s and are taken as observed for this exercise. Those quantities could have been credibly projected from previous trends, as such short-term forcing information depends little on choice of scenario1 , although the estimates available in the 1990s would not have been as good as those at presen ...
... the 1990s and are taken as observed for this exercise. Those quantities could have been credibly projected from previous trends, as such short-term forcing information depends little on choice of scenario1 , although the estimates available in the 1990s would not have been as good as those at presen ...
2A.3 APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT WEATHER PATTERN
... expected to become even drier by the end of the 21st century (as shown in the lower panel of Fig. 13). The projected drying trend for A2 is generally larger than that for B2, which might be due to the larger warming trend of A2 (IPCC, 2007). Acknowledgements. This paper includes the results obtained ...
... expected to become even drier by the end of the 21st century (as shown in the lower panel of Fig. 13). The projected drying trend for A2 is generally larger than that for B2, which might be due to the larger warming trend of A2 (IPCC, 2007). Acknowledgements. This paper includes the results obtained ...