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... Judd and Lontzek (2011) have formulated a dynamic stochastic version of DICE the SDICE - which includes stochastic tipping points possibilities. They show that this complexity a¤ects the optimal policy results in comparison to RICE. The modeling of damage reservoirs is beyond the purpose of this pap ...
... Judd and Lontzek (2011) have formulated a dynamic stochastic version of DICE the SDICE - which includes stochastic tipping points possibilities. They show that this complexity a¤ects the optimal policy results in comparison to RICE. The modeling of damage reservoirs is beyond the purpose of this pap ...
Constraining temperature variations over the last
... Estimates of past temperature and climate variability are a prerequisite for a possible attribution of the twentieth century warming to anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing. While proxy based climate reconstructions can inform our knowledge of large-scale temperature variations in past centuries, th ...
... Estimates of past temperature and climate variability are a prerequisite for a possible attribution of the twentieth century warming to anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing. While proxy based climate reconstructions can inform our knowledge of large-scale temperature variations in past centuries, th ...
Slide 1
... If greenhouse gas concentrations rise, they trap more heat, so Earth warms. If their concentrations fall, more heat escapes, and Earth cools. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be about 30°C cooler than it is today. ...
... If greenhouse gas concentrations rise, they trap more heat, so Earth warms. If their concentrations fall, more heat escapes, and Earth cools. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be about 30°C cooler than it is today. ...
Climate change and the demise of Minoan civilization
... winds in the tropical Pacific sweep and accumulate over time warm surface water to the west. This leaves the surface eastern tropical Pacific with colder upwelling water. Thus during normal conditions (often referred as La Nina) there are cold surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific and warm in ...
... winds in the tropical Pacific sweep and accumulate over time warm surface water to the west. This leaves the surface eastern tropical Pacific with colder upwelling water. Thus during normal conditions (often referred as La Nina) there are cold surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific and warm in ...
Land - Use/Land Cover Change as a
... with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertainty range associated with the forcing guided by the spread in the published record and physical understanding, and wi ...
... with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertainty range associated with the forcing guided by the spread in the published record and physical understanding, and wi ...
Trends and Variability in Snowmelt Runoff in the Western United
... the western United States are earlier (later) than average. The relation between atmospheric pressure and CMDs is supported by the correlation between the mean CMD time series and mean AMJJ temperatures for the western United States (Fig. 7). When atmospheric pressures are greater than average, temp ...
... the western United States are earlier (later) than average. The relation between atmospheric pressure and CMDs is supported by the correlation between the mean CMD time series and mean AMJJ temperatures for the western United States (Fig. 7). When atmospheric pressures are greater than average, temp ...
Temperature-induced mismatches between
... and the metabolism : consumption ratio. For simplicity, we show the quadratic model, though the linear model fit the data equally well (Appendix A: Table A2). In each panel, the solid black line is the overall trend, and the other lines are the species-level trends. ...
... and the metabolism : consumption ratio. For simplicity, we show the quadratic model, though the linear model fit the data equally well (Appendix A: Table A2). In each panel, the solid black line is the overall trend, and the other lines are the species-level trends. ...
PDF
... in rainfall is also observed in April in both the states; though rainfall in April is often not considered good for wheat as this is the harvesting season of the crop. An upward trend in rainfall is observed in November in Haryana and in December in Bihar. The above analysis of winter rainfall data ...
... in rainfall is also observed in April in both the states; though rainfall in April is often not considered good for wheat as this is the harvesting season of the crop. An upward trend in rainfall is observed in November in Haryana and in December in Bihar. The above analysis of winter rainfall data ...
Sensitivity of tree growth to the atmospheric vertical profile in the
... Terrestrial vegetation responds to weather and climate through a variety of physiological, demographic, and ecosystem processes (Bonan 2002). Together, these processes determine where plant species grow, how well they grow, and how their arrangement within the communities changes over time (Bonan 20 ...
... Terrestrial vegetation responds to weather and climate through a variety of physiological, demographic, and ecosystem processes (Bonan 2002). Together, these processes determine where plant species grow, how well they grow, and how their arrangement within the communities changes over time (Bonan 20 ...
Chapter 4: NSW Snowy Mountains region
... around five years, and that immense damage could be caused by their presence. ...
... around five years, and that immense damage could be caused by their presence. ...
Self-Governance and Peer Review in Science-for
... Three-quarters of this paragraph consists of caveats about uncertainties and limitations of current understanding. Nonetheless, its now-famous closing sentence marked the first time the IPCC had reached a consensus on two key points: first, that global warming is probably occurring (“detection”), an ...
... Three-quarters of this paragraph consists of caveats about uncertainties and limitations of current understanding. Nonetheless, its now-famous closing sentence marked the first time the IPCC had reached a consensus on two key points: first, that global warming is probably occurring (“detection”), an ...
Footprints of climate change on Mediterranean Sea biota
... heterogeneous. Different papers used different temperature diagnostics (e.g., monthly mean, instantaneous values), from different instruments and at different depths. Therefore, in order to use a homogenized temperature diagnostic, we have used the sea surface temperature (SST) at each specific loca ...
... heterogeneous. Different papers used different temperature diagnostics (e.g., monthly mean, instantaneous values), from different instruments and at different depths. Therefore, in order to use a homogenized temperature diagnostic, we have used the sea surface temperature (SST) at each specific loca ...
Forest ecotone response to climate change
... based on biological principles, using two different arguments. In fact, neither of these arguments holds up under scrutiny. The first argument is based on the well-known fact that photosynthesis measured on short time scales shows a unimodal response to temperature. It is then argued by extension th ...
... based on biological principles, using two different arguments. In fact, neither of these arguments holds up under scrutiny. The first argument is based on the well-known fact that photosynthesis measured on short time scales shows a unimodal response to temperature. It is then argued by extension th ...
Extreme precipitation response to climate perturbations in an
... deep convection plays a key role in the tropical climate, the dynamics of convective showers are not resolved in climate models and relatively simple parameterizations are used. It is often argued that the parameterizations and their interaction with the resolved dynamics are responsible for most of ...
... deep convection plays a key role in the tropical climate, the dynamics of convective showers are not resolved in climate models and relatively simple parameterizations are used. It is often argued that the parameterizations and their interaction with the resolved dynamics are responsible for most of ...
Balance as bias: global warming and the US prestige press
... causes problems when it is applied to issues of science. It seems to demand that journalists present competing points of views on a scientific question as though they had equal scientific weight, when actually they do not’’. In this paper we endeavored to see how this assertion— while reasonable at it ...
... causes problems when it is applied to issues of science. It seems to demand that journalists present competing points of views on a scientific question as though they had equal scientific weight, when actually they do not’’. In this paper we endeavored to see how this assertion— while reasonable at it ...
Up-regulation of photosynthesis and sucrose
... 1991, Kirschbaum 1994) because elevated CO 2 levels will reduce photorespiratory losses. Idso and Idso (1994) showed that plant growth enhancement due to elevated CO 2 was highly significant at higher temperature. Moreover, the increased supply of assimilates caused by higher CO 2 could be combined ...
... 1991, Kirschbaum 1994) because elevated CO 2 levels will reduce photorespiratory losses. Idso and Idso (1994) showed that plant growth enhancement due to elevated CO 2 was highly significant at higher temperature. Moreover, the increased supply of assimilates caused by higher CO 2 could be combined ...
Precipitation and Temperature
... (2006, 2007) developed a perturbation method to generate alternative extreme values for precipitation in KnnCAD Version 1, however Eum and Simonovic (2012) found that their methodology could not be easily extended for generation of alternative temperature extremes because it would be capable of gene ...
... (2006, 2007) developed a perturbation method to generate alternative extreme values for precipitation in KnnCAD Version 1, however Eum and Simonovic (2012) found that their methodology could not be easily extended for generation of alternative temperature extremes because it would be capable of gene ...
Collapse of the California Current During Glacial Maxima Linked to
... temperatures warmer than the Holocene are recorded in the equatorial Pacific for isotope stages 5e and 11. Relation of California margin marine temperatures to coastal vegetation. Analysis of pollen preserved in continental margin sediments ties changes in vegetation in the Pacific coastal zone to n ...
... temperatures warmer than the Holocene are recorded in the equatorial Pacific for isotope stages 5e and 11. Relation of California margin marine temperatures to coastal vegetation. Analysis of pollen preserved in continental margin sediments ties changes in vegetation in the Pacific coastal zone to n ...
Prediction of Future Change of Water Demand Following Global
... 2.2, 1.6 and 2.4 ℃ for a growing period by the 2070s for GCM, MRI and CCSR/NIES. Duration of growth period for maize becomes shorter by 9 days for GCM and CCSR/NIES while only 3 days for MRI. Air temperature rise projected with the GCM, MRI and CCSR/NIES models was 3.5, 1.4 and 3.0 ℃ during growing ...
... 2.2, 1.6 and 2.4 ℃ for a growing period by the 2070s for GCM, MRI and CCSR/NIES. Duration of growth period for maize becomes shorter by 9 days for GCM and CCSR/NIES while only 3 days for MRI. Air temperature rise projected with the GCM, MRI and CCSR/NIES models was 3.5, 1.4 and 3.0 ℃ during growing ...
![geneva dialogues 7.4.11[1]. - Graduate Institute of International and](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002432622_1-c2d3ec4f8d07362a922414ec3ed7a70c-300x300.png)
geneva dialogues 7.4.11[1]. - Graduate Institute of International and
... community has failed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and urgent action is needed to prevent catastrophic climate change then it may be necessary to resort to techniques involving deliberate large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climate system (‘geoengineering’); Ensuring that, in the event such ...
... community has failed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and urgent action is needed to prevent catastrophic climate change then it may be necessary to resort to techniques involving deliberate large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climate system (‘geoengineering’); Ensuring that, in the event such ...
- LPPM-UNILA Institutional Repository (LPPM
... that simple act such as: walking or go to school by bike, turn off the lights after they finish studying, saving paper consumption, and others can reduce greenhouse gas contribution. ...
... that simple act such as: walking or go to school by bike, turn off the lights after they finish studying, saving paper consumption, and others can reduce greenhouse gas contribution. ...
Effect of climate change on rice yield at Kharagpur, West... Tanmoyee Bhattacharya , Dr. R.K Panda
... which indicates that the variability of monsoon rainfall exhibits decreasing trend during the whole period . Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the performance of Aquacrop model in simulating crop variables. The statistical analysis result given in Table 3 and Fig 6 indicated that the mo ...
... which indicates that the variability of monsoon rainfall exhibits decreasing trend during the whole period . Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the performance of Aquacrop model in simulating crop variables. The statistical analysis result given in Table 3 and Fig 6 indicated that the mo ...
expert panel findings - Copenhagen Consensus Center
... Extension of Protected Areas, Protecting All Dense Forests. The expert panel chose to merge Agricultural Productivity R&D with the similar intervention proposed under the topic of Hunger and Malnutrition, noting the combined benefits of this investment; discussion of this intervention is included un ...
... Extension of Protected Areas, Protecting All Dense Forests. The expert panel chose to merge Agricultural Productivity R&D with the similar intervention proposed under the topic of Hunger and Malnutrition, noting the combined benefits of this investment; discussion of this intervention is included un ...
Updating the World on the Latest Climate Science
... (Peters and Hertwich 2008), and by the slowdown of previous improvements in the CO2 intensity of the global economy (Raupach et al. 2007). The observed acceleration in fossil fuel CO2 emissions is tracking high-end emissions scenarios used by IPCC AR4 (Nakicenovic et al. 2000). In contrast, CO2 emis ...
... (Peters and Hertwich 2008), and by the slowdown of previous improvements in the CO2 intensity of the global economy (Raupach et al. 2007). The observed acceleration in fossil fuel CO2 emissions is tracking high-end emissions scenarios used by IPCC AR4 (Nakicenovic et al. 2000). In contrast, CO2 emis ...
The Copenhagen Diagnosis - Climate Change Research Centre
... comprise previous IPCC lead authors familiar with the rigor and completeness required for a scientific assessment of this nature. This report is freely available on the web at: ...
... comprise previous IPCC lead authors familiar with the rigor and completeness required for a scientific assessment of this nature. This report is freely available on the web at: ...