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Topology of electronic bands and Topological Order
Topology of electronic bands and Topological Order

... For ν = 1/3: unique ground state on the sphere but 3-fold degenerate ground state on the torus. In general FQHE ...
Fermionization of Spin Systems
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Lecture I: Collective Excitations: From Particles to Fields Free Scalar
Lecture I: Collective Excitations: From Particles to Fields Free Scalar

... • Low-energy excitations of discrete model involve slowly varying collective modes; i.e. each mode involves many atoms; • Low-energy (k → 0) 7→ long-wavelength excitations, i.e. universal, insensitive to microscopic detail; • Allows many different systems to be mapped onto a few classical field theo ...
URL - StealthSkater
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... communications with Geometric-Past, instantaneous remote utilization of energy, and perhaps even remote induction of simple lifeforms (about which simplest are perhaps "plasmoids"). The intelligentlooking lightballs reported repeatedly by UFO experiencers are indeed identifiable as plasmoids and qui ...
7 Quarks and SU(3) Symmetry
7 Quarks and SU(3) Symmetry

... they actually hold for any representation of the generators of SU(2) and define the Lie algebra associated with the Lie group SU(2) and characterized by the structure constants ijk . This algebra allows only one diagonal operator, conventionally taken to be I3 . In the two-dimensional representatio ...
Lattice QCD and String Theory Lattice 2005 Julius Kuti Confining Force
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Stringy holography and the modern picture of QCD and hadrons
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... thoroughly investigated since the seventies. What are the reasons to go back to “square one" and revisit this question? (i) Holography, or gauge/string duality, provides a bridge between the underlying theory of QCD (in certain limits) and a bosonic string model of mesons and baryons. (ii) There is ...
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... Any ðq1 ; q2 Þ. This resolution of (2) yields a unitary transformation of the original single particle basis. As angles, the values of Anx ðq1 ; q2 Þ are defined modulo 2, and we ensure that the shift in x position x ¼ ðky Þ=2 satisfies 0  x < 1. The Wannier states can thus be brought into an ...
ppt - Harvard Condensed Matter Theory group
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... The parallel transport may also affect the phase of the periodic motion of the Foucault pendulum or the rotation phase of a gyroscope, but also the phase of their periodic motion. Let us consider a gyroscope whose rotation axis is constrained to remain parallel to the axis n; let us now move the rot ...
Many-particle interference beyond many-boson and many
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... To whet our appetites and motivate our exploration of the subject, we will see that: • All closed string theories contain a massless spin-2 particle. General arguments say that the only consistent couplings of such a particle are those of a graviton. Open string theories always contain closed string ...
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... The calculation of photon interactions with matter is part of any introductory (or advanced) course on quantum mechanics. Indeed the evaluation of the Compton scattering cross section is a standard exercise in relativistic quantum mechanics, since gauge invariance together with the masslessness of t ...
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... If we ignore the interactions and consider free fermions, IQHE and QSHE has little difference (the latter is just two copies of the former). However, if we consider interacting fermions: † IQHE: We know that all the effect remain the same in the presence of strong interactions (in addition to the fr ...
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... In this text we hope to give the reader not familiar with the Quantum Field Theory a picture and a certain level of true understanding of today’s particle physics through a direct experience with real experimental data. To achieve this goal we present a non-orthodox approach to the topic. Usually, t ...
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... • one of the most exciting developments in the study of cold atomic gases was the observation of vortices. The reason for this was that the appearance of a vortex was a direct manifestation of the superfluid nature of a Bose-condensed gas. Of course, superfluidity was evident in many other situation ...
The quantum phases of matter - Subir Sachdev
The quantum phases of matter - Subir Sachdev

... being played by a smaller velocity associated with the lattice Hamiltonian. Moreover, many such states are described by a quantum field theory which is invariant under conformal transformations of spacetime, and hence Section 3 will describe ‘conformal’ quantum matter. Section 4 will turn to ‘compre ...
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Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic gases
Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic gases

... name ultralow temperature physics, since the temperatures of the gaseous BEC systems are usually in the nanokelvin range. Ultracold atomic gases and nuclear spin systems (for which picokelvin spin temperatures were obtained in Helsinki [3]) are the coldest matter studied so far. Alternatively, one m ...
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Higgs mechanism

In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property ""mass"" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, or some other effect like it, all bosons (a type of fundamental particle) would be massless, but measurements show that the W+, W−, and Z bosons actually have relatively large masses of around 80 GeV/c2. The Higgs field resolves this conundrum. The simplest description of the mechanism adds a quantum field (the Higgs field) that permeates all space, to the Standard Model. Below some extremely high temperature, the field causes spontaneous symmetry breaking during interactions. The breaking of symmetry triggers the Higgs mechanism, causing the bosons it interacts with to have mass. In the Standard Model, the phrase ""Higgs mechanism"" refers specifically to the generation of masses for the W±, and Z weak gauge bosons through electroweak symmetry breaking. The Large Hadron Collider at CERN announced results consistent with the Higgs particle on March 14, 2013, making it extremely likely that the field, or one like it, exists, and explaining how the Higgs mechanism takes place in nature.The mechanism was proposed in 1962 by Philip Warren Anderson, following work in the late 1950s on symmetry breaking in superconductivity and a 1960 paper by Yoichiro Nambu that discussed its application within particle physics. A theory able to finally explain mass generation without ""breaking"" gauge theory was published almost simultaneously by three independent groups in 1964: by Robert Brout and François Englert; by Peter Higgs; and by Gerald Guralnik, C. R. Hagen, and Tom Kibble. The Higgs mechanism is therefore also called the Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism or Englert–Brout–Higgs–Guralnik–Hagen–Kibble mechanism, Anderson–Higgs mechanism, Anderson–Higgs-Kibble mechanism, Higgs–Kibble mechanism by Abdus Salam and ABEGHHK'tH mechanism [for Anderson, Brout, Englert, Guralnik, Hagen, Higgs, Kibble and 't Hooft] by Peter Higgs.On October 8, 2013, following the discovery at CERN's Large Hadron Collider of a new particle that appeared to be the long-sought Higgs boson predicted by the theory, it was announced that Peter Higgs and François Englert had been awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics (Englert's co-author Robert Brout had died in 2011 and the Nobel Prize is not usually awarded posthumously).
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