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PHYS 390 Lecture 36 - The first microsecond 36 - 1 Lecture 36
PHYS 390 Lecture 36 - The first microsecond 36 - 1 Lecture 36

... αem. Further, the parameters α are not strictly constant, but depend weakly on the momentum carried by the gauge boson. The temperature also affects the effective strength of the interactions. For the weak and electromagnetic interactions, αem and αw are predicted to be equal at a temperature kBT ~ ...
Standard Model
Standard Model

... Most neutrinos passing through the Earth emanate from the Sun. About 65 billion (6.5×1010) solar neutrinos per second pass through every square centimeter. Neutrinos cannot be detected directly, because they do not ionize the materials they are passing through because they do not carry an electric c ...
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Quantum field theory on a quantum space

... gauge dependent quantities via Dirac observables. Their value is not well defined: it depends on the value of the parameter. Choosing a parameter is tantamount to ...
Broken symmetry revisited - Homepages of UvA/FNWI staff
Broken symmetry revisited - Homepages of UvA/FNWI staff

... electromagnetic fields [37]. This model features magnetic monopoles and in addition a magnetic Z2 string (the so-called Alice string) with the miraculous property that if a monopole (or an electric charge for that matter) is transported around the string, its charge will change sign. In other words, ...
Chern-Simons Theory of Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Chern-Simons Theory of Fractional Quantum Hall Effect

... αβ = 0αβ where µνρ is the standard Levy-Civita tensor. Throughout this article α and β will run over the two space components, and the indices µ, ν, ρ will run over space-time with 0 being the time component. We included in the Hamiltonian a uniform positive background with the same mean density ...
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UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

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... b. Consider the process A( p1 )  B( p2 )  A( p3 )  B( p4 ) . Draw the lowest order Feynman diagrams (I think there are two) for the scattering. Write down the amplitude (you don’t need to calculate) for any one of the diagrams (one is enough!). ...
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The Standard Model - University of Rochester
The Standard Model - University of Rochester

... All have magnetic moments which is what helped lead to the idea of spin Can be integer (boson) or odd half-integer (fermion) In the case of fermions, spin can be up () or down () Conserved quantity ...
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The Standard Model of Particle Physics

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... experiments, the Zeeman effect was found to result in changes in energy that contradicted Bohr’s integer value orbital model; instead, as the two graduate students George Uhlenbeck and Samuel Goudsmit proposed in 1925, the quantum number describing an electron’s angular momentum is a half-integer mu ...
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English (MS Word) - CMS DocDB Server

... In a joint seminar today at CERN and the “ICHEP 2012” conference[1] in Melbourne, researchers of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) presented their preliminary results on the search for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson in their data recorded up to June 2 ...
Dear Menon I have used bold italics to express my agreement and
Dear Menon I have used bold italics to express my agreement and

... An example of a boson is a photon. Two or more bosons (if they are of the same particle type) are allowed to do the same exact thing. For example, a laser is a machine for making large numbers of photons do exactly the same thing, giving a very bright light with a very precise color heading in a ver ...
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Slide 1

... Riemann Zeta function ...
< 1 ... 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 ... 53 >

Higgs mechanism

In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property ""mass"" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, or some other effect like it, all bosons (a type of fundamental particle) would be massless, but measurements show that the W+, W−, and Z bosons actually have relatively large masses of around 80 GeV/c2. The Higgs field resolves this conundrum. The simplest description of the mechanism adds a quantum field (the Higgs field) that permeates all space, to the Standard Model. Below some extremely high temperature, the field causes spontaneous symmetry breaking during interactions. The breaking of symmetry triggers the Higgs mechanism, causing the bosons it interacts with to have mass. In the Standard Model, the phrase ""Higgs mechanism"" refers specifically to the generation of masses for the W±, and Z weak gauge bosons through electroweak symmetry breaking. The Large Hadron Collider at CERN announced results consistent with the Higgs particle on March 14, 2013, making it extremely likely that the field, or one like it, exists, and explaining how the Higgs mechanism takes place in nature.The mechanism was proposed in 1962 by Philip Warren Anderson, following work in the late 1950s on symmetry breaking in superconductivity and a 1960 paper by Yoichiro Nambu that discussed its application within particle physics. A theory able to finally explain mass generation without ""breaking"" gauge theory was published almost simultaneously by three independent groups in 1964: by Robert Brout and François Englert; by Peter Higgs; and by Gerald Guralnik, C. R. Hagen, and Tom Kibble. The Higgs mechanism is therefore also called the Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism or Englert–Brout–Higgs–Guralnik–Hagen–Kibble mechanism, Anderson–Higgs mechanism, Anderson–Higgs-Kibble mechanism, Higgs–Kibble mechanism by Abdus Salam and ABEGHHK'tH mechanism [for Anderson, Brout, Englert, Guralnik, Hagen, Higgs, Kibble and 't Hooft] by Peter Higgs.On October 8, 2013, following the discovery at CERN's Large Hadron Collider of a new particle that appeared to be the long-sought Higgs boson predicted by the theory, it was announced that Peter Higgs and François Englert had been awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics (Englert's co-author Robert Brout had died in 2011 and the Nobel Prize is not usually awarded posthumously).
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