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The Large Hadron Collider, or LHC, is the most powerful particle
The Large Hadron Collider, or LHC, is the most powerful particle

... having not one but three vacuum systems.” (AB Department) The beam vacuum is the tube that the particles travel through. It is set up in order to prevent the beams from colliding prematurely with gases while they travel around the tube. There is also the insulation vacuum for cryomagnets and the ins ...
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The Weak Interaction - University of Warwick
The Weak Interaction - University of Warwick

... The nuclear β-decay caused a great deal of anxiety among physicists. Both α- and γ-rays are emitted with discrete spectra, simply because of energy conservation. The energy of the emitted particle is the same as the energy difference between the initial and final state of the nucleus. It was much mo ...
Probing Gluon Helicity with Dijets from $\ sqrt s $= 510 GeV
Probing Gluon Helicity with Dijets from $\ sqrt s $= 510 GeV

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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the Higgs boson and

Chapter 12: Symmetries in Physics: Isospin and the Eightfold Way
Chapter 12: Symmetries in Physics: Isospin and the Eightfold Way

... quarks have strangeness zero. All other composite states have their strangeness given by the sum of the strangeness content of their constituents. Before proceeding further, we shall setup some terminology: baryons are qqq states, such as proton and the neutron, whereas mesons are q q̄ states, the p ...
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Did we discover the Higgs?

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dirac and majorana fermions

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Internal Symmetries of Strong Interactions {intsymm

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On the Calculation of Elementary Particle Masses

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EUBET 2014: Applications of effective field theories to particle

... If there is new physics in the electroweak breaking sector, the failed LHC searches suggest a mass gap, so the Higgs itself can be a Goldstone boson (as are the longitudinal vector bosons too). We can then formulate an effective theory for their interactions. With it, we have calculated the one-loop ...
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Physics through Extra Dimensions: On Dualities, Unification, and Pair Production

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Quantum Field Theory Frank Wilczek

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Beyond the Standard Model

... physics beyond the Standard Model. Although such ideas often have a finite life-time, there are many that have been around for a decade or more, and are likely to play an important rôle in particle physics at least for another decade. The emphasis is on those ideas that are likely to survive for a ...
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... accurately counting the number of atoms, molecules, or formula units of a substance. • The mole is the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance. • 1 mole is the amount of atoms in 12 g of pure carbon-12, or 6.02  1023 atoms. ...
2014 version - Elementary Particle Physics @ Birmingham
2014 version - Elementary Particle Physics @ Birmingham

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... momentum of photon have been used. Even the hydrogen energy is not an observable, neither the orbital angular momentum of electron nor the polarization (spin) of photon is observable either. It is totally unphysical! ...
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Black Holes

... • Electroweak interactions have already been probed at length scales 1/EEW  we know it’s truly a fundamental scale. • Gravity has not remotely been probed at length scales 1/MPl = 10-33 cm  31 orders of magnitude smaller than scales at which gravity has been tested (0.01 cm). • Presumptuous to ass ...
Theory of Neutron -Decay - Fundamental Neutron Physics at NC State
Theory of Neutron -Decay - Fundamental Neutron Physics at NC State

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Technicolor (physics)

Technicolor theories are models of physics beyond the standard model that address electroweak gauge symmetry breaking, the mechanism through which W and Z bosons acquire masses. Early technicolor theories were modelled on quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the ""color"" theory of the strong nuclear force, which inspired their name.Instead of introducing elementary Higgs bosons to explain observed phenomena, technicolor models hide electroweak symmetry and generate masses for the W and Z bosons through the dynamics of new gauge interactions. Although asymptotically free at very high energies, these interactions must become strong and confining (and hence unobservable) at lower energies that have been experimentally probed. This dynamical approach is natural and avoids issues of Quantum triviality and the hierarchy problem of the Standard Model.In order to produce quark and lepton masses, technicolor has to be ""extended"" by additional gauge interactions. Particularly when modelled on QCD, extended technicolor is challenged by experimental constraints on flavor-changing neutral current and precision electroweak measurements. It is not known what is the extended technicolor dynamics.Much technicolor research focuses on exploring strongly interacting gauge theories other than QCD, in order to evade some of these challenges. A particularly active framework is ""walking"" technicolor, which exhibits nearly conformal behavior caused by an infrared fixed point with strength just above that necessary for spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. Whether walking can occur and lead to agreement with precision electroweak measurements is being studied through non-perturbative lattice simulations.Experiments at the Large Hadron Collider are expected to discover the mechanism responsible for electroweak symmetry breaking, and will be critical for determining whether the technicolor framework provides the correct description of nature. In 2012 these experiments declared the discovery of a Higgs-like boson with mass approximately 7002125000000000000♠125 GeV/c2; such a particle is not generically predicted by technicolor models, but can be accommodated by them.
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