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annalen der - MPP Theory Group
annalen der - MPP Theory Group

... be generalized to generic (pseudo)scalars coupled to two photons, so-called axion-like particles (ALPs). The relation between the mass and couplings of the axion is only intrinsic to the color anomaly of the Peccei Quinn symmetry, and thus generic ALPs can show up in all the parameter space of Fig. ...
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... determine whether a given system is in a certain state s. • The amplitude of state s, given the actual state t of the system determines the probability of getting a “yes” from the measurement. • Important: For a system prepared in state t, any measurement that asks “is it in state s?” will return “y ...
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... wavelength of the incident light. It is also a function of the refractive indices of both the particle and its surroundings. In general, the contrast will increase as the difference in refractive index between the particle and its surrounding increases. The ratio of the two refractive indices is som ...
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... As mentioned in the definition of particle above, particles in general cannot compose a sentence by themselves, nor can they be inflected. However, a few studies point out that some sentence-final `particles' do not exhibit these properties. The present article examines characteristics of these `non ...
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Quantum Computing and Quantum Topology

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SIMULATION OF TONER PARTICLE MOTION UNDER DYNAMIC

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Conservation Laws I - Department of Physics, HKU

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... same mass and the same interaction strength • The projection on the z-axis is Iz • u and d quarks are 2 different states of a particle with I= ½, but with different Iz. Resp. ½ and - ½ • c.p. electron with S= ½ with up and down states with Sz= ½ and Sz= -½ • Isospin symmetry is the invariance under ...
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Gonzalez-MestresICNFP2016talkPPTX

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Space-Time Approach to Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

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New Theories of Gravitation and Particle Model Chongxi Yu

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Identical particles

Identical particles, also called indistinguishable or indiscernible particles, are particles that cannot be distinguished from one another, even in principle. Species of identical particles include, but are not limited to elementary particles such as electrons, composite subatomic particles such as atomic nuclei, as well as atoms and molecules. Quasiparticles also behave in this way. Although all known indistinguishable particles are ""tiny"", there is no exhaustive list of all possible sorts of particles nor a clear-cut limit of applicability; see particle statistics #Quantum statistics for detailed explication.There are two main categories of identical particles: bosons, which can share quantum states, and fermions, which do not share quantum states due to the Pauli exclusion principle. Examples of bosons are photons, gluons, phonons, helium-4 nuclei and all mesons. Examples of fermions are electrons, neutrinos, quarks, protons, neutrons, and helium-3 nuclei.The fact that particles can be identical has important consequences in statistical mechanics. Calculations in statistical mechanics rely on probabilistic arguments, which are sensitive to whether or not the objects being studied are identical. As a result, identical particles exhibit markedly different statistical behavior from distinguishable particles. For example, the indistinguishability of particles has been proposed as a solution to Gibbs' mixing paradox.
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