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Universal computation by multi-particle quantum walk
Universal computation by multi-particle quantum walk

the einstein-podolsky-rosen paradox and the nature of reality
the einstein-podolsky-rosen paradox and the nature of reality

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Probability, Expectation Values, and Uncertainties

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School of Physics and Astronomy Junior Honours Thermodynamics

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... mass changes, others that the experiment shows that mass is constant. Of course the trick, as discussed in the additional material, is that it all depends on what we call mass! I think it is important to choose one or another definition, acknowledge the other, but then stick with one interpretation. ...
Advanced Physical Chemistry
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... integral, S, but in this case the functions can be completely different functions. If they are the same and if g is a normalized function, then the denominator is equal to one. It may be useful to think of the overlap integral. Example: The first excited state of a particle in a box is 2 = N sin(2 ...
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Discovery of the Higgs Particle

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Pure Substances, Mixtures, and Solutions

... • Mixtures – two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and can be separated by physical means. The substances in a mixture retain their individual properties. – Solutions – a special kind of mixture where one substance dissolves in another. ...
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Chapter 41 Wave Mechanics 41.1 De Broglie Waves

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Entanglement purification for Quantum Computation

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pdf - inst.eecs.berkeley.edu

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SpontaneouS Symmetry Breaking in particle phySicS

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Thermal and vacuum friction acting on rotating particles

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Extension of Lorentz Group Representations for Chiral Fermions

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From wave functions to quantum fields

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... The hydrogen nucleus consequently must have a radius about 1/1830 of the electron if its mass is to be explained in this way. There is no experimental evidence at present contrary to such an assumption. The helium nucleus has a mass nearly four times that of hydrogen. If one supposes that the positi ...
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what is wave function?

... intensity profile is | 1 |2 If slit 2 is opened (slit 1 closed), then we can represent the wave function of the electrons passing through slit 1 as 2 and therefore the intensity profile is | 2 |2 ...
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Strong Interactions I

... nucleons. This is the dominant term in the formula. Other terms show the variation of the binding energy as a function of N and Z. The second term is called the surface term with as = 18.56 MeV, representing that the binding energy is lost somehow proportional to the surface area. These two terms c ...
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Identical particles

Identical particles, also called indistinguishable or indiscernible particles, are particles that cannot be distinguished from one another, even in principle. Species of identical particles include, but are not limited to elementary particles such as electrons, composite subatomic particles such as atomic nuclei, as well as atoms and molecules. Quasiparticles also behave in this way. Although all known indistinguishable particles are ""tiny"", there is no exhaustive list of all possible sorts of particles nor a clear-cut limit of applicability; see particle statistics #Quantum statistics for detailed explication.There are two main categories of identical particles: bosons, which can share quantum states, and fermions, which do not share quantum states due to the Pauli exclusion principle. Examples of bosons are photons, gluons, phonons, helium-4 nuclei and all mesons. Examples of fermions are electrons, neutrinos, quarks, protons, neutrons, and helium-3 nuclei.The fact that particles can be identical has important consequences in statistical mechanics. Calculations in statistical mechanics rely on probabilistic arguments, which are sensitive to whether or not the objects being studied are identical. As a result, identical particles exhibit markedly different statistical behavior from distinguishable particles. For example, the indistinguishability of particles has been proposed as a solution to Gibbs' mixing paradox.
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