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Introduction to Nucleic Acids Definitions By definition
Introduction to Nucleic Acids Definitions By definition

... BUN’s performed in the clinical laboratory are determined by that lab’s processing instrument - many changes have occurred in the last 20 years in instrumentation. BUN’s performed in teaching, research or field/combat hospital laboratories are performed by primitive methods, relatively speaking, tha ...
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TIANamp Genomic DNA Kit
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DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA as the Genetic Material

... 1. Remember, DNA consists of a nitrogenous base (which can be adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), or cytosine (C)), a pentose sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group 2. Chargaff also discovered that the amount of A is always close to T, and G = C. 3. Hence, Chargaff’s rule: A pairs with T ...
Structure and function of DNA
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... Replication of the DNA molecule is semi-conservative, which means that each parent strand serves as a template for a new strand and that the two (2) new DNA molecules each have one old and one new ...
Structure and function of DNA
Structure and function of DNA

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... Each chromosome in the nucleus of a cell contains a very long molecule of DNA. If you stretched out the DNA found in one of your cells, it would be 2-3 meters long. To fit all of this DNA inside a tiny cell nucleus, the DNA is wrapped tightly around proteins. The enzyme in meat tenderizer is a prote ...
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BiotoolTM Plant Leaf Direct PCR Kit (B4003)
BiotoolTM Plant Leaf Direct PCR Kit (B4003)

... excluding the polysaccharide and polyphenols plants. Biotool’s trademarked Buffers rapidly digest plant leaves to release intact genomic DNA that can be used directly as template for PCR amplification. By using this kit, the genomic DNA extractions can be done within 10-15 minutes. In addition, the ...
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Comparative genomic hybridization



Comparative genomic hybridization is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DNA samples arising from two sources, which are most often closely related, because it is suspected that they contain differences in terms of either gains or losses of either whole chromosomes or subchromosomal regions (a portion of a whole chromosome). This technique was originally developed for the evaluation of the differences between the chromosomal complements of solid tumor and normal tissue, and has an improved resoIution of 5-10 megabases compared to the more traditional cytogenetic analysis techniques of giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which are limited by the resolution of the microscope utilized.This is achieved through the use of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization. In short, this involves the isolation of DNA from the two sources to be compared, most commonly a test and reference source, independent labelling of each DNA sample with a different fluorophores (fluorescent molecules) of different colours (usually red and green), denaturation of the DNA so that it is single stranded, and the hybridization of the two resultant samples in a 1:1 ratio to a normal metaphase spread of chromosomes, to which the labelled DNA samples will bind at their locus of origin. Using a fluorescence microscope and computer software, the differentially coloured fluorescent signals are then compared along the length of each chromosome for identification of chromosomal differences between the two sources. A higher intensity of the test sample colour in a specific region of a chromosome indicates the gain of material of that region in the corresponding source sample, while a higher intensity of the reference sample colour indicates the loss of material in the test sample in that specific region. A neutral colour (yellow when the fluorophore labels are red and green) indicates no difference between the two samples in that location.CGH is only able to detect unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. This is because balanced chromosomal abnormalities such as reciprocal translocations, inversions or ring chromosomes do not affect copy number, which is what is detected by CGH technologies. CGH does, however, allow for the exploration of all 46 human chromosomes in single test and the discovery of deletions and duplications, even on the microscopic scale which may lead to the identification of candidate genes to be further explored by other cytological techniques.Through the use of DNA microarrays in conjunction with CGH techniques, the more specific form of array CGH (aCGH) has been developed, allowing for a locus-by-locus measure of CNV with increased resolution as low as 100 kilobases. This improved technique allows for the aetiology of known and unknown conditions to be discovered.
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