6 Possible Alleles
... The TH01 locus contains repeats of TCAT. CCC TCAT TCAT TCAT TCAT TCAT TCAT AAA This example has 6 TCAT repeats. ...
... The TH01 locus contains repeats of TCAT. CCC TCAT TCAT TCAT TCAT TCAT TCAT AAA This example has 6 TCAT repeats. ...
DNA replication
... What is a replication fork and how many are there? Why are single-stranded binding (SSB) proteins required? How does synthesis differ on leading strand and lagging strand? Which is continuous and semi-discontinuous? What are Okazaki fragments? How do polymerase I and III differ? ...
... What is a replication fork and how many are there? Why are single-stranded binding (SSB) proteins required? How does synthesis differ on leading strand and lagging strand? Which is continuous and semi-discontinuous? What are Okazaki fragments? How do polymerase I and III differ? ...
Short Exam Questions
... 94. Give one example of an inherited human characteristic. 95. Give one example of a non-inherited human characteristic. 96. Which structures in sperm and egg nuclei are responsible for biological inheritance? 97. What is meant by DNA profiling? 98. Where in plant cells is DNA found? 99. The genetic ...
... 94. Give one example of an inherited human characteristic. 95. Give one example of a non-inherited human characteristic. 96. Which structures in sperm and egg nuclei are responsible for biological inheritance? 97. What is meant by DNA profiling? 98. Where in plant cells is DNA found? 99. The genetic ...
Stretching DNA Fibers out of a Chromosome in Solution
... interphase nuclei for gene mapping. Their results show that the spatial resolution of FISH can approach 10kbp (kilo base pairs) when DNA is extended to a straight fiber. Therefore, physical manipulation of DNA is a useful technique for studying genomic DNA regions. In fact, manipulation of single DN ...
... interphase nuclei for gene mapping. Their results show that the spatial resolution of FISH can approach 10kbp (kilo base pairs) when DNA is extended to a straight fiber. Therefore, physical manipulation of DNA is a useful technique for studying genomic DNA regions. In fact, manipulation of single DN ...
2420 Topics for Examination II
... size? How is DNA transferred from the agarose gel to a special filter membrane? What is a Southern blot? Is bacterial probe DNA able to distinguish human target DNA from bacterial target DNA? Know that this specificity is due to base sequences which have unique homologies, preventing attachment of p ...
... size? How is DNA transferred from the agarose gel to a special filter membrane? What is a Southern blot? Is bacterial probe DNA able to distinguish human target DNA from bacterial target DNA? Know that this specificity is due to base sequences which have unique homologies, preventing attachment of p ...
Document
... DNA profiling is the use of molecular genetic methods to determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a way that can basically distinguish one human being from another The unique genotype of each sample is called a DNA profile. ...
... DNA profiling is the use of molecular genetic methods to determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a way that can basically distinguish one human being from another The unique genotype of each sample is called a DNA profile. ...
chapter 3
... The frozen tissue was allowed to thaw at room temperature. The tissue was chopped with fresh surgical blades in a sterile petri dish. The chopped tissue was then transferred into a sterile polypropylene tube (15ml) containing 3ml of 1X TE, 2ml of lysis buffer and proteinase K (100μg/ml) was adde ...
... The frozen tissue was allowed to thaw at room temperature. The tissue was chopped with fresh surgical blades in a sterile petri dish. The chopped tissue was then transferred into a sterile polypropylene tube (15ml) containing 3ml of 1X TE, 2ml of lysis buffer and proteinase K (100μg/ml) was adde ...
Unit 2 Study Guide
... trisomy. The extra DNA makes extra proteins, and this is what causes the unique physical features and internal problems seen in someone with Down’s syndrome. These disorders are easily revealed with a karyotype, a picture of the chromosomes where they have been paired based on size, banding pattern, ...
... trisomy. The extra DNA makes extra proteins, and this is what causes the unique physical features and internal problems seen in someone with Down’s syndrome. These disorders are easily revealed with a karyotype, a picture of the chromosomes where they have been paired based on size, banding pattern, ...
Answers to Conceptual Questions C1. Answer: First
... primer would be complementary to the 5′ end of the mRNA and would be unique to the βglobin sequence. The other primer would be complementary to the 3′ end. This second primer could be a poly-dT primer or it could be a unique primer that would bind slightly upstream from the polyA-tail region. E13. A ...
... primer would be complementary to the 5′ end of the mRNA and would be unique to the βglobin sequence. The other primer would be complementary to the 3′ end. This second primer could be a poly-dT primer or it could be a unique primer that would bind slightly upstream from the polyA-tail region. E13. A ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... • Understanding microbial biochemistry and pathology • Developing drugs effective against pathogens ...
... • Understanding microbial biochemistry and pathology • Developing drugs effective against pathogens ...
File
... • Wild-type λ DNA contains several target sites for most of the commonly used restriction endonucleases and so is not itself suitable as a vector. • Derivatives of the wild-type phage have therefore been produced that either have a single target site at which foreign DNA can be inserted (insertional ...
... • Wild-type λ DNA contains several target sites for most of the commonly used restriction endonucleases and so is not itself suitable as a vector. • Derivatives of the wild-type phage have therefore been produced that either have a single target site at which foreign DNA can be inserted (insertional ...
B3.3 Genetics ANSWERS Worksheet Two Molecular Genetics 1
... Transcription makes a copy of the code by producing mRNA with RNA nucleotides. Whereas DNA replication uses DNA nucleotides to produce an identical copy. DNA replication uses both sides of the DNA, whereas transcription only uses the coding strand. The enzymes are also different; DNA replication use ...
... Transcription makes a copy of the code by producing mRNA with RNA nucleotides. Whereas DNA replication uses DNA nucleotides to produce an identical copy. DNA replication uses both sides of the DNA, whereas transcription only uses the coding strand. The enzymes are also different; DNA replication use ...
P450_L8_Structure of the Nucleic Acids
... The phosphate and sugars are very soluble in water, but the bases are not. Their insolubility does place strong constraints on the overall conformation of a large DNA or RNA molecule in solution. To be stable in water at neutral pH, the bases have to tuck themselves into the very center of a folded ...
... The phosphate and sugars are very soluble in water, but the bases are not. Their insolubility does place strong constraints on the overall conformation of a large DNA or RNA molecule in solution. To be stable in water at neutral pH, the bases have to tuck themselves into the very center of a folded ...
LN 11Variation in Chromosome Number and Structure
... 3. understand how changes in chromosome number arise, as well as how such changes lead to genetic defects. 4. be able to distinguish between four major types of chromosome structural aberrations: (deletions, duplications, inversions, translocations). ...
... 3. understand how changes in chromosome number arise, as well as how such changes lead to genetic defects. 4. be able to distinguish between four major types of chromosome structural aberrations: (deletions, duplications, inversions, translocations). ...
Introducing the Chromosome Yr 12 Biology
... The Sutton-Boveri theory, otherwise known as the ‘chromosome theory of inheritance’, stated that chromosomes carried the units of inheritance and occurred in distinct pairs. The two scientists worked separately but came to the same conclusions. As there were more inheritable traits than there were c ...
... The Sutton-Boveri theory, otherwise known as the ‘chromosome theory of inheritance’, stated that chromosomes carried the units of inheritance and occurred in distinct pairs. The two scientists worked separately but came to the same conclusions. As there were more inheritable traits than there were c ...
Slide 2
... Nowadays we know that the inheritance material is carried in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), molecule that is organized in discrete units called chromosomes. Chromosomes occur in pairs, each member of the pair is inherited from each parent. The process of Meiosis is fundamental to understand how charac ...
... Nowadays we know that the inheritance material is carried in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), molecule that is organized in discrete units called chromosomes. Chromosomes occur in pairs, each member of the pair is inherited from each parent. The process of Meiosis is fundamental to understand how charac ...
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative genomic hybridization is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DNA samples arising from two sources, which are most often closely related, because it is suspected that they contain differences in terms of either gains or losses of either whole chromosomes or subchromosomal regions (a portion of a whole chromosome). This technique was originally developed for the evaluation of the differences between the chromosomal complements of solid tumor and normal tissue, and has an improved resoIution of 5-10 megabases compared to the more traditional cytogenetic analysis techniques of giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which are limited by the resolution of the microscope utilized.This is achieved through the use of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization. In short, this involves the isolation of DNA from the two sources to be compared, most commonly a test and reference source, independent labelling of each DNA sample with a different fluorophores (fluorescent molecules) of different colours (usually red and green), denaturation of the DNA so that it is single stranded, and the hybridization of the two resultant samples in a 1:1 ratio to a normal metaphase spread of chromosomes, to which the labelled DNA samples will bind at their locus of origin. Using a fluorescence microscope and computer software, the differentially coloured fluorescent signals are then compared along the length of each chromosome for identification of chromosomal differences between the two sources. A higher intensity of the test sample colour in a specific region of a chromosome indicates the gain of material of that region in the corresponding source sample, while a higher intensity of the reference sample colour indicates the loss of material in the test sample in that specific region. A neutral colour (yellow when the fluorophore labels are red and green) indicates no difference between the two samples in that location.CGH is only able to detect unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. This is because balanced chromosomal abnormalities such as reciprocal translocations, inversions or ring chromosomes do not affect copy number, which is what is detected by CGH technologies. CGH does, however, allow for the exploration of all 46 human chromosomes in single test and the discovery of deletions and duplications, even on the microscopic scale which may lead to the identification of candidate genes to be further explored by other cytological techniques.Through the use of DNA microarrays in conjunction with CGH techniques, the more specific form of array CGH (aCGH) has been developed, allowing for a locus-by-locus measure of CNV with increased resolution as low as 100 kilobases. This improved technique allows for the aetiology of known and unknown conditions to be discovered.