Chapter 20 DNA Technology
... differences in DNA code result in different restriction sites in DNA produces fragments of different lengths = restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP's) treat DNA with restriction enzymes use gel electrophoresis to separate the restriction fragments AGAROSE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS = “sw ...
... differences in DNA code result in different restriction sites in DNA produces fragments of different lengths = restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP's) treat DNA with restriction enzymes use gel electrophoresis to separate the restriction fragments AGAROSE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS = “sw ...
W
... SKY is a technique for visualizing all of a person’s (or mouse’s) chromosomes in color. A different color is assigned to each chromosome, making it easier to identify and analyze chromosomal abnormalities. To carry out SKY, researchers use a DNA “library” containing many short sequences of single-s ...
... SKY is a technique for visualizing all of a person’s (or mouse’s) chromosomes in color. A different color is assigned to each chromosome, making it easier to identify and analyze chromosomal abnormalities. To carry out SKY, researchers use a DNA “library” containing many short sequences of single-s ...
7. Recombinant DNA Vectors
... e. M13 virus small single stranded virus of E. coli replication intermediate (RF) is double-stranded and can be used as cloning vector (much like a plasmid) after transforming E. coli, single stranded virus is produced single stranded DNAs readily sequenced using dideoxysequencing; also provide a te ...
... e. M13 virus small single stranded virus of E. coli replication intermediate (RF) is double-stranded and can be used as cloning vector (much like a plasmid) after transforming E. coli, single stranded virus is produced single stranded DNAs readily sequenced using dideoxysequencing; also provide a te ...
Understanding the Human Karyotype - Dr. Jackson
... additional special procedures in order to facilitate a definitive diagnosis. ...
... additional special procedures in order to facilitate a definitive diagnosis. ...
X-inactivation
... X-chromatin = Barr body (described by Barr and Bertram in 1949) inactivation begins in early embryonic development (probably at 1000- to 2000- cell stage) ...
... X-chromatin = Barr body (described by Barr and Bertram in 1949) inactivation begins in early embryonic development (probably at 1000- to 2000- cell stage) ...
DNA Fingerprinting: The Code to Identification
... the Y chromosome can be used to trace male lineages. Human DNA fingerprinting tends to be associated with guilt. A Bill was published by the Irish government in 2010 which would allow the collection of DNA samples from every person arrested in Ireland, and use them to generate a database of DNA prof ...
... the Y chromosome can be used to trace male lineages. Human DNA fingerprinting tends to be associated with guilt. A Bill was published by the Irish government in 2010 which would allow the collection of DNA samples from every person arrested in Ireland, and use them to generate a database of DNA prof ...
Ethanol precipitation of DNA with salts
... intraction. This puts the DNA in a more ionised form, so there is a requirement for only 1.5 to 2 fold alcohol to precipitate the DNA. In high conc. of DNA the water DNA intraction is high and “left over” water molecule availability is very low so there is no requirement for NaAce or any other salt. ...
... intraction. This puts the DNA in a more ionised form, so there is a requirement for only 1.5 to 2 fold alcohol to precipitate the DNA. In high conc. of DNA the water DNA intraction is high and “left over” water molecule availability is very low so there is no requirement for NaAce or any other salt. ...
DNA Extraction from …
... – Scientists use different techniques to: • extract DNA from cells • cut DNA into smaller pieces • identify the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule • make unlimited copies of DNA ...
... – Scientists use different techniques to: • extract DNA from cells • cut DNA into smaller pieces • identify the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule • make unlimited copies of DNA ...
DNA Isolation From 300–450 mg Dried or 600–1200 mg Fresh Leaf
... 3. Cap the samples and vortex vigorously at high speed for 20 sec to mix the protein precipitation solution uniformly with the cell lysate. Alternatively, invert a rack containing the samples 150 times (approximately 2 min) to mix the protein precipitation solution uniformly with the cell lysate. Fo ...
... 3. Cap the samples and vortex vigorously at high speed for 20 sec to mix the protein precipitation solution uniformly with the cell lysate. Alternatively, invert a rack containing the samples 150 times (approximately 2 min) to mix the protein precipitation solution uniformly with the cell lysate. Fo ...
DNA REPLICATION Review of DNA Structure
... complementary to the DNA templates • After formation of the primer, DNA polymerase III – elongates the new strand by adding nucleotides to the 3’end (~50 per second) • DNA polymerase I – later replaces RNA primers with DNA nucleotides ...
... complementary to the DNA templates • After formation of the primer, DNA polymerase III – elongates the new strand by adding nucleotides to the 3’end (~50 per second) • DNA polymerase I – later replaces RNA primers with DNA nucleotides ...
CP Biology 9.2 Copying DNA PCR uses polymerase to copy DNA
... DNA might be used to make a DNA fingerprint. The more regions that are used, the less likely it is that two people will have the same DNA fingerprint. There is a very small change – in in many million – that two people have the same DNA fingerprint. DNA fingerprinting is used for many different purp ...
... DNA might be used to make a DNA fingerprint. The more regions that are used, the less likely it is that two people will have the same DNA fingerprint. There is a very small change – in in many million – that two people have the same DNA fingerprint. DNA fingerprinting is used for many different purp ...
In 1953 Watson and Crick developed a double helix model for DNA
... The two nucleic acid strands are _______________________ to each other. That means that one strand is “_____________________” compared to the other. The 2 nucleic acid strands are held together by ____________ _ _____________ between the nitrogen bases. When the nitrogen bases bond together they fol ...
... The two nucleic acid strands are _______________________ to each other. That means that one strand is “_____________________” compared to the other. The 2 nucleic acid strands are held together by ____________ _ _____________ between the nitrogen bases. When the nitrogen bases bond together they fol ...
DNA
... If replication was dispersive, only one band would be expected because all the DNA would be the same weight. What appeared though was two bands. One was radioactive and the other was not. This eliminated the dispersive theory. DNA replication is semiconservative theory. ...
... If replication was dispersive, only one band would be expected because all the DNA would be the same weight. What appeared though was two bands. One was radioactive and the other was not. This eliminated the dispersive theory. DNA replication is semiconservative theory. ...
Array CGH
... A microarray technology that detects chromosomal abnormalities Uses: Clinical lab: complementary to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) Research lab: discover genetic basis of diseases Significance: Many disorders are likely to be caused by microdeletions and other chromosomal abnormalities th ...
... A microarray technology that detects chromosomal abnormalities Uses: Clinical lab: complementary to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) Research lab: discover genetic basis of diseases Significance: Many disorders are likely to be caused by microdeletions and other chromosomal abnormalities th ...
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative genomic hybridization is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DNA samples arising from two sources, which are most often closely related, because it is suspected that they contain differences in terms of either gains or losses of either whole chromosomes or subchromosomal regions (a portion of a whole chromosome). This technique was originally developed for the evaluation of the differences between the chromosomal complements of solid tumor and normal tissue, and has an improved resoIution of 5-10 megabases compared to the more traditional cytogenetic analysis techniques of giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which are limited by the resolution of the microscope utilized.This is achieved through the use of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization. In short, this involves the isolation of DNA from the two sources to be compared, most commonly a test and reference source, independent labelling of each DNA sample with a different fluorophores (fluorescent molecules) of different colours (usually red and green), denaturation of the DNA so that it is single stranded, and the hybridization of the two resultant samples in a 1:1 ratio to a normal metaphase spread of chromosomes, to which the labelled DNA samples will bind at their locus of origin. Using a fluorescence microscope and computer software, the differentially coloured fluorescent signals are then compared along the length of each chromosome for identification of chromosomal differences between the two sources. A higher intensity of the test sample colour in a specific region of a chromosome indicates the gain of material of that region in the corresponding source sample, while a higher intensity of the reference sample colour indicates the loss of material in the test sample in that specific region. A neutral colour (yellow when the fluorophore labels are red and green) indicates no difference between the two samples in that location.CGH is only able to detect unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. This is because balanced chromosomal abnormalities such as reciprocal translocations, inversions or ring chromosomes do not affect copy number, which is what is detected by CGH technologies. CGH does, however, allow for the exploration of all 46 human chromosomes in single test and the discovery of deletions and duplications, even on the microscopic scale which may lead to the identification of candidate genes to be further explored by other cytological techniques.Through the use of DNA microarrays in conjunction with CGH techniques, the more specific form of array CGH (aCGH) has been developed, allowing for a locus-by-locus measure of CNV with increased resolution as low as 100 kilobases. This improved technique allows for the aetiology of known and unknown conditions to be discovered.