How was Taiwan created?
... which means that moving south 90 km along the collision is analogous to viewing development of the collision 1 Ma earlier. Thus, most authors (e.g. Teng, 1990; Malavieille et al., 2002) suggest that the evolution through time of Taiwan mountain building is a continuum represented by a series of cros ...
... which means that moving south 90 km along the collision is analogous to viewing development of the collision 1 Ma earlier. Thus, most authors (e.g. Teng, 1990; Malavieille et al., 2002) suggest that the evolution through time of Taiwan mountain building is a continuum represented by a series of cros ...
On the post-25 Ma geodynamic evolution of the western
... 300 km of shortening is the maximum possible. In the Gibraltar area, according to plate-kinematics models of the relative motion of Europe and Africa (Dewey et al., 1989; Albarello et al., 1995; Campan, 1995), the amount of shortening since the Early Oligocene (Anomaly 13) must be less than 150 km. ...
... 300 km of shortening is the maximum possible. In the Gibraltar area, according to plate-kinematics models of the relative motion of Europe and Africa (Dewey et al., 1989; Albarello et al., 1995; Campan, 1995), the amount of shortening since the Early Oligocene (Anomaly 13) must be less than 150 km. ...
Evolution of helium and argon isotopes in a convecting mantle
... depends strongly on physical parameters. Furthermore, the distribution depends on sampling method, with the distribution in erupted material often being different from mantle-averaged distributions. Some parameter combinations simultaneously lead to MORB-like distributions of 3 He/4 He ratios in eru ...
... depends strongly on physical parameters. Furthermore, the distribution depends on sampling method, with the distribution in erupted material often being different from mantle-averaged distributions. Some parameter combinations simultaneously lead to MORB-like distributions of 3 He/4 He ratios in eru ...
The Earth`s mantle
... Results of such calculations are disappointing, however. The data are not accurate enough to discriminate between a deep mantle of peridotitic composition and one which is enriched in Fe or Si, as has been proposed by numerous authors23±25. Seismological constraints. Seismological results stimulated ...
... Results of such calculations are disappointing, however. The data are not accurate enough to discriminate between a deep mantle of peridotitic composition and one which is enriched in Fe or Si, as has been proposed by numerous authors23±25. Seismological constraints. Seismological results stimulated ...
Indo-Eurasian Plate collision and the evolution of Pak
... setting over subducting oceanic lithosphere, since Oligocene, are deformed and duplicated in the Makran Accretionary wedge/prism. The accreted microplates (Afghan, Lut, and Iran) are now subjected to Quaternary volcanism with the establishment of present day Makran subduction zone along which the oc ...
... setting over subducting oceanic lithosphere, since Oligocene, are deformed and duplicated in the Makran Accretionary wedge/prism. The accreted microplates (Afghan, Lut, and Iran) are now subjected to Quaternary volcanism with the establishment of present day Makran subduction zone along which the oc ...
Petrology and tectonics of Phanerozoic continent formation: From
... extensive grid-based geochemical map of the Peninsular Ranges Batholith, the southern equivalent of the Sierras. Collectively, these observations give a three-dimensional view of the crust, which permits the petrogenesis and tectonics of Phanerozoic crust formation to be linked in space and time. Su ...
... extensive grid-based geochemical map of the Peninsular Ranges Batholith, the southern equivalent of the Sierras. Collectively, these observations give a three-dimensional view of the crust, which permits the petrogenesis and tectonics of Phanerozoic crust formation to be linked in space and time. Su ...
GG 101 Objectives Chapter Links
... 2. Describe how volcanism relates to the origin of the atmosphere and affects Earth's climate 3. Contrast the beneficial and catastrophic effects of volcanism on humans. 4. Indicate the factors that control the explosive violence of volcanic eruptions and influence the shape of volcanic mountains. 5 ...
... 2. Describe how volcanism relates to the origin of the atmosphere and affects Earth's climate 3. Contrast the beneficial and catastrophic effects of volcanism on humans. 4. Indicate the factors that control the explosive violence of volcanic eruptions and influence the shape of volcanic mountains. 5 ...
as a PDF
... Tectonic models for the Late Cretaceous/Tertiary evolution of the West Antarctic Rift System range from hundreds of kilometres of extension to negligible strike-slip displacement and are based on a variety of observations, as well as kinematic and geodynamic models. Most data constraining these mode ...
... Tectonic models for the Late Cretaceous/Tertiary evolution of the West Antarctic Rift System range from hundreds of kilometres of extension to negligible strike-slip displacement and are based on a variety of observations, as well as kinematic and geodynamic models. Most data constraining these mode ...
A Geologic History of the Methow Valley
... For 800 million years the west coast of North America lay in eastern Washington, in the area of Spokane. 200 million years ago (mya) the Atlantic Ocean first appeared as a split in the supercontinent Pangaea (in fact the At- Our understanding of plate tectonics and how lantic is still growing at a r ...
... For 800 million years the west coast of North America lay in eastern Washington, in the area of Spokane. 200 million years ago (mya) the Atlantic Ocean first appeared as a split in the supercontinent Pangaea (in fact the At- Our understanding of plate tectonics and how lantic is still growing at a r ...
Microbes and volcanoes: A tale from the oceans, ophiolites, and
... stage for understanding the actual processes of glass bioalteration. However, it may also be pointed out here that some of the analyses of Storrie-Lombardi and Fisk (2003) may contain secondary phases from void fillings, which suggests that some of their conclusions apply to the mineral precipitates ...
... stage for understanding the actual processes of glass bioalteration. However, it may also be pointed out here that some of the analyses of Storrie-Lombardi and Fisk (2003) may contain secondary phases from void fillings, which suggests that some of their conclusions apply to the mineral precipitates ...
Modeling evolution of the San Andreas Fault system in northern and
... the North American and Pacific plates. The system extends from the Mendocino triple junction (MTJ) on the north to the Gulf of California on the south. SAFS is characterized by a relatively complex tectonics. In particular it is influenced by subduction of the Gorda plate to the north of MTJ, and by ...
... the North American and Pacific plates. The system extends from the Mendocino triple junction (MTJ) on the north to the Gulf of California on the south. SAFS is characterized by a relatively complex tectonics. In particular it is influenced by subduction of the Gorda plate to the north of MTJ, and by ...
GEOL_2_mid_term_I_so..
... (15) 2 pts. Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition? A) Any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers. B) Older strata generally are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age strata. C) Strata with fossils are gene ...
... (15) 2 pts. Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition? A) Any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers. B) Older strata generally are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age strata. C) Strata with fossils are gene ...
Mechanisms for the formation of ridge-axis topography at
... of the ridge–transform intersection than at the conjugate outside corner. Such an asymmetry in rift flank topography is calculated to be greatest near a transform fault with a significant volume of deep transform valley and when adjacent plates across the transform fault are mechanically decoupled o ...
... of the ridge–transform intersection than at the conjugate outside corner. Such an asymmetry in rift flank topography is calculated to be greatest near a transform fault with a significant volume of deep transform valley and when adjacent plates across the transform fault are mechanically decoupled o ...
The OIB paradox - Do plumes exist?
... (Hémond et al., 1993; Thirlwall et al., 2004) but there is strong Pb-isotope and trace-element evidence that the depleted component is not derived from the ambient upper mantle but instead forms an intrinsic part of the Iceland plume (Thirlwall, 1995; Fitton et al., 1997, 2003). This being so, Icel ...
... (Hémond et al., 1993; Thirlwall et al., 2004) but there is strong Pb-isotope and trace-element evidence that the depleted component is not derived from the ambient upper mantle but instead forms an intrinsic part of the Iceland plume (Thirlwall, 1995; Fitton et al., 1997, 2003). This being so, Icel ...
IODP Proposal Cover Sheet
... Creation of new oceanic crust by seafloor spreading is the dominant geologic process on Earth. Seafloor spreading has been operating for at least 3.8 billion years, and more than 60% of the Earth’s surface today is paved by ocean crust formed in this way. Ocean crust records the Earth’s origin and e ...
... Creation of new oceanic crust by seafloor spreading is the dominant geologic process on Earth. Seafloor spreading has been operating for at least 3.8 billion years, and more than 60% of the Earth’s surface today is paved by ocean crust formed in this way. Ocean crust records the Earth’s origin and e ...
A rare great earthquake on an oceanic fossil
... Broad-band body and mantle wave data are used to study the 2004 December 23, Tasman Sea earthquake. In common with other strike-slip earthquakes studied in the same fashion, the mantle wave data indicates that there are two pure-double couple constrained solutions, along with a range of mechanisms b ...
... Broad-band body and mantle wave data are used to study the 2004 December 23, Tasman Sea earthquake. In common with other strike-slip earthquakes studied in the same fashion, the mantle wave data indicates that there are two pure-double couple constrained solutions, along with a range of mechanisms b ...
Geology - Geostud
... click www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles cite this article ...
... click www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles cite this article ...
Differentiation of the continental crust by relamination
... recorded in some arc sections (DeBari and Sleep, 1991; Kelemen et al., 2003a), loss of these rocks still yielded a mafic arc crust very different from continental crust (DeBari and Sleep, 1991; Greene et al., 2006). This is so because garnet-free mafic rocks that are either density-stable or too visco ...
... recorded in some arc sections (DeBari and Sleep, 1991; Kelemen et al., 2003a), loss of these rocks still yielded a mafic arc crust very different from continental crust (DeBari and Sleep, 1991; Greene et al., 2006). This is so because garnet-free mafic rocks that are either density-stable or too visco ...
EASTERN ARIZONA COLLEGE Physical Geology
... earthquakes, volcanoes, surface processes, and earth resources. The lab delves into the chemistry of minerals, how rocks form, geologic mapping with GPS, geology in the field, and other fundamental topics. ...
... earthquakes, volcanoes, surface processes, and earth resources. The lab delves into the chemistry of minerals, how rocks form, geologic mapping with GPS, geology in the field, and other fundamental topics. ...
inv5_student
... fracture between ridge segments. This fracturing is known as a transform fault, or “strike-slip fault”. The plates move past one another at these locations. Inactive transform faults are fossilized as fracture zones outside the seismically active central transform fault. In this view, a purple outli ...
... fracture between ridge segments. This fracturing is known as a transform fault, or “strike-slip fault”. The plates move past one another at these locations. Inactive transform faults are fossilized as fracture zones outside the seismically active central transform fault. In this view, a purple outli ...
Petrological interpretation of deep crustal intrusive bodies beneath
... because the mafic content of partial melts derived from mantle pyrolite is known to increase strongly with pressure [Hirose and Kushiro, 1993]. Such conditions are obtained for partial melting of hot mantle plume material beneath mature oceanic lithosphere, e.g., the Hawaiian plume undergoing partial ...
... because the mafic content of partial melts derived from mantle pyrolite is known to increase strongly with pressure [Hirose and Kushiro, 1993]. Such conditions are obtained for partial melting of hot mantle plume material beneath mature oceanic lithosphere, e.g., the Hawaiian plume undergoing partial ...
Investigation 5: What happens when plates move sideways past
... fracture between ridge segments. This fracturing is known as a transform fault, or “strike-slip fault”. The plates move past one another at these locations. Inactive transform faults are fossilized as fracture zones outside the seismically active central transform fault. In this view, a purple outli ...
... fracture between ridge segments. This fracturing is known as a transform fault, or “strike-slip fault”. The plates move past one another at these locations. Inactive transform faults are fossilized as fracture zones outside the seismically active central transform fault. In this view, a purple outli ...
Heat flow and flexure at subduction zones
... assumed to result from thermal blanketing effect by the overlying plate and accreted sediments above the subducting oceanic plate [e.g., Langseth et al., 1990]. It has been speculated that heat flow seaward of the trench may be low compared to that for average crust of the same age, due to increased ...
... assumed to result from thermal blanketing effect by the overlying plate and accreted sediments above the subducting oceanic plate [e.g., Langseth et al., 1990]. It has been speculated that heat flow seaward of the trench may be low compared to that for average crust of the same age, due to increased ...
Scores - huntingscience
... An ocean plate sinks beneath another plate and begins to melt, sending molten rock up to the surface, which creates this landform ...
... An ocean plate sinks beneath another plate and begins to melt, sending molten rock up to the surface, which creates this landform ...
PERSPECTIVES ON METAMORPHIC FLUIDS
... evolution in distinct plate tectonic settings. Convergent plate settings include mountain building (orogenesis) above subduction zones or upon continental collision. Divergent plate settings include rifting in arcs, continental interiors or at mid ocean ridges. Careful comparison of deduced PTt path ...
... evolution in distinct plate tectonic settings. Convergent plate settings include mountain building (orogenesis) above subduction zones or upon continental collision. Divergent plate settings include rifting in arcs, continental interiors or at mid ocean ridges. Careful comparison of deduced PTt path ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.