Theory of Plate Tectonics
... a rate of a few centimeters a year. The reason they move is seafloor spreading, which occurs because of convection currents in the mantle. Hot material rises at a mid-ocean ridge; gradually moves horizontally away from the axis of the ridge, dragging seafloor with it; and eventually sinks back deep ...
... a rate of a few centimeters a year. The reason they move is seafloor spreading, which occurs because of convection currents in the mantle. Hot material rises at a mid-ocean ridge; gradually moves horizontally away from the axis of the ridge, dragging seafloor with it; and eventually sinks back deep ...
Unit 4 - Dynamic Crust Earthquakes & Volcanoes
... A stream of heated material moving due to differences in density. Evidence suggests convection cells exist within the asthenosphere. (See ESRT page 10 for arrows ...
... A stream of heated material moving due to differences in density. Evidence suggests convection cells exist within the asthenosphere. (See ESRT page 10 for arrows ...
Modern Plate Tectonics
... The oldest, densest crust normally descends beneath the younger crust. Volcanic islands develop at the surface of the overriding crust (forming Island Arcs). ...
... The oldest, densest crust normally descends beneath the younger crust. Volcanic islands develop at the surface of the overriding crust (forming Island Arcs). ...
Modern Plate Tectonics
... Ridge push and slab pull Where new, young crust forms its weight pushes down slope to drive the plates laterally. Once the crust has cooled, having been pushed away form the ridge, it sinks into the upper mantle and helps to pull adjacent crust along. This pushing and pulling provides the forces th ...
... Ridge push and slab pull Where new, young crust forms its weight pushes down slope to drive the plates laterally. Once the crust has cooled, having been pushed away form the ridge, it sinks into the upper mantle and helps to pull adjacent crust along. This pushing and pulling provides the forces th ...
Life in the Universe - University of Georgia
... • Heat sources of the melting o Impact heat (i.e., formation heat) o Potential energy of sinking heavy material ...
... • Heat sources of the melting o Impact heat (i.e., formation heat) o Potential energy of sinking heavy material ...
CSCOPE Unit 7 Forces That Change the Earth
... from a volcano Law of Superposition—in a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layer is on the ...
... from a volcano Law of Superposition—in a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layer is on the ...
Earth-9th-Edition-Tarbuck-Solution-Manual
... organisms include land-dwelling amphibians and reptiles and numerous species of plants. 5. If Mesosaurus was able to swim well enough to cross the vast ocean currently separating Africa and South America, its remains should also be found on other continents. Since this is not the case, we conclude t ...
... organisms include land-dwelling amphibians and reptiles and numerous species of plants. 5. If Mesosaurus was able to swim well enough to cross the vast ocean currently separating Africa and South America, its remains should also be found on other continents. Since this is not the case, we conclude t ...
Oceanic crust
... Basalt is much denser than the granite. Because of this the less dense continents ride on the denser oceanic plates. The Basalt is formed when hot material in the upper mantle is decompressed, allowing it to melt and form liquid magma, which cools off quickly. ...
... Basalt is much denser than the granite. Because of this the less dense continents ride on the denser oceanic plates. The Basalt is formed when hot material in the upper mantle is decompressed, allowing it to melt and form liquid magma, which cools off quickly. ...
Crustal Movement
... –The Theory • All of the continents were once joined in one large land mass, Pangaea, that began breaking up and drifting apart millions of years ago • Wegener’s theory was very unpopular and rejected by most of the world’s ...
... –The Theory • All of the continents were once joined in one large land mass, Pangaea, that began breaking up and drifting apart millions of years ago • Wegener’s theory was very unpopular and rejected by most of the world’s ...
28.1 Understanding Earth
... The movement of tectonic plates is related to the distribution of heat by convection currents in the mantle. ...
... The movement of tectonic plates is related to the distribution of heat by convection currents in the mantle. ...
Powerpoint Presentation Physical Geology, 10/e
... What Causes Plate Motions? • Causes of plate motion are not yet fully understood, but any proposed mechanism must explain why: – Mid-oceanic ridges are hot and elevated, while trenches are cold and deep – Ridge crests have tensional cracks – The leading edges of some plates are subducting sea floor ...
... What Causes Plate Motions? • Causes of plate motion are not yet fully understood, but any proposed mechanism must explain why: – Mid-oceanic ridges are hot and elevated, while trenches are cold and deep – Ridge crests have tensional cracks – The leading edges of some plates are subducting sea floor ...
Earth`s Layers Vocabulary
... Crust: A thin outer layer of rock above a planet’s mantle, including all dry land and ocean basins made of silicates. Mantle: The layer of rock between Earth’s core and crust, in which most rock is hot enough to flow in convection currents; Earth’s thickest layer. Mainly made of iron, magnesium and ...
... Crust: A thin outer layer of rock above a planet’s mantle, including all dry land and ocean basins made of silicates. Mantle: The layer of rock between Earth’s core and crust, in which most rock is hot enough to flow in convection currents; Earth’s thickest layer. Mainly made of iron, magnesium and ...
Cross Section: Plate Tectonics - Oologah
... o Oceanic and continental plates are different (discuss differences in density, isostacy, etc) o Plates have three kinds of boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries o Convection cells within the mantle “drive” plate movement o Hot Spots are where there is a concentrated movement o ...
... o Oceanic and continental plates are different (discuss differences in density, isostacy, etc) o Plates have three kinds of boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries o Convection cells within the mantle “drive” plate movement o Hot Spots are where there is a concentrated movement o ...
Restless Earth
... Inner Core – This is in the centre of the earth where it is hottest. It is solid and consists of Iron and Nickel with temperatures of up to 5,500oc. Outer Core – This is a liquid layer also composed of Iron and Nickel and is extremely hot with temperatures similar to the inner core. Mantle – This is ...
... Inner Core – This is in the centre of the earth where it is hottest. It is solid and consists of Iron and Nickel with temperatures of up to 5,500oc. Outer Core – This is a liquid layer also composed of Iron and Nickel and is extremely hot with temperatures similar to the inner core. Mantle – This is ...
as a PDF
... floor is a continuous system of ridges and trenches. The convection of the earth’s interior is what drives the movement of the continents; trenches pull the ocean floor into the mantle and ridges form new ocean floor and push and spread surrounding sea floor. Because igneous rocks can easily be magn ...
... floor is a continuous system of ridges and trenches. The convection of the earth’s interior is what drives the movement of the continents; trenches pull the ocean floor into the mantle and ridges form new ocean floor and push and spread surrounding sea floor. Because igneous rocks can easily be magn ...
Science Unit - Western Springs College
... The core is very hot due to heat produced from nuclear reactions. This heat is a source of energy for moving the tectonic plates. As the mantle closest to the core heats, the molten rock expands, becomes less dense and rises. When it reaches the cool crust, the molten rock loses heat energy, contrac ...
... The core is very hot due to heat produced from nuclear reactions. This heat is a source of energy for moving the tectonic plates. As the mantle closest to the core heats, the molten rock expands, becomes less dense and rises. When it reaches the cool crust, the molten rock loses heat energy, contrac ...
and Wilson cycle tectonics
... continental crust and associated sedimentary and volcanic products 3) Ocean continent transitional crust (highly stretched crust and dyke intruded crust) 4) Oceanic crust w/exotic elements (continental crust fragments, ocean islands hot-spots, transform complexes etc.) 5) Intra-oceanic convergent ma ...
... continental crust and associated sedimentary and volcanic products 3) Ocean continent transitional crust (highly stretched crust and dyke intruded crust) 4) Oceanic crust w/exotic elements (continental crust fragments, ocean islands hot-spots, transform complexes etc.) 5) Intra-oceanic convergent ma ...
Inside Earth Ch1 Jeopardy
... Layers of the Earth Heat Transfer and Continental Drift Sea-floor Spreading Plate Tectonics (boundaries) ...
... Layers of the Earth Heat Transfer and Continental Drift Sea-floor Spreading Plate Tectonics (boundaries) ...
Review for Earth Science
... the equator are found in Antarctica. Antarctica must have once been near the equator and moved. 7. Plates ~ the lithosphere (crust) is broken into separate sections called plates. 8. Plate Tectonics ~ is the geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s crust plates are in constant, slow moti ...
... the equator are found in Antarctica. Antarctica must have once been near the equator and moved. 7. Plates ~ the lithosphere (crust) is broken into separate sections called plates. 8. Plate Tectonics ~ is the geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s crust plates are in constant, slow moti ...
Document
... state. They form from magma (molten rock beneath the surface). Magma either intrudes into crustal rocks, cools and hardens, or extrudes onto the surface as lava. Intrusive igneous rock that cools slowly in the crust forms a pluton • Batholith – irregular-shaped, large mass of intrusive igneous rock ...
... state. They form from magma (molten rock beneath the surface). Magma either intrudes into crustal rocks, cools and hardens, or extrudes onto the surface as lava. Intrusive igneous rock that cools slowly in the crust forms a pluton • Batholith – irregular-shaped, large mass of intrusive igneous rock ...
Chapter 11: The Dynamic Planet I. Pace of Change A
... IV. Plate Tectonics Continental landmasses migrated to their current position and continue to move about 2.4 2 4 inches per year. year Continental drift: Idea that the Earth’s landmasses have migrated over the past 225 million years from a supercontinent called Pangaea to the present configuration. ...
... IV. Plate Tectonics Continental landmasses migrated to their current position and continue to move about 2.4 2 4 inches per year. year Continental drift: Idea that the Earth’s landmasses have migrated over the past 225 million years from a supercontinent called Pangaea to the present configuration. ...
4 Plate Tectonics & Paper
... • Ocean depths – the worlds oceans are not deepest in the center and shallow at the edges as you would expect in a world w/out Plate Tectonics. Instead the deepest portions of the oceans are along the ocean edges and shallow mountain ranges are located in the center of many of our oceans. ...
... • Ocean depths – the worlds oceans are not deepest in the center and shallow at the edges as you would expect in a world w/out Plate Tectonics. Instead the deepest portions of the oceans are along the ocean edges and shallow mountain ranges are located in the center of many of our oceans. ...
Plate Tectonics
... 1. Passive Margins: prior to orogenesis, the continental boundary is a PASSIVE margin. Sedimentation at passive margins reflects the progressive increase in water depth. Nearshore deposits are coarser - sand grading to silt and clay; further out on the continental shelf in clean shallow water, carbo ...
... 1. Passive Margins: prior to orogenesis, the continental boundary is a PASSIVE margin. Sedimentation at passive margins reflects the progressive increase in water depth. Nearshore deposits are coarser - sand grading to silt and clay; further out on the continental shelf in clean shallow water, carbo ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.