Geodynamics
... • Geochemistry suggests mantle not very well mixed • Seismic tomography shows 670km discontinuity is not a barrier for convection and mantle may be mixed • Models of mantle convection • Avalanches? Intermittent mixing. (see also some of the tomography). • Lava lamp type of model? ...
... • Geochemistry suggests mantle not very well mixed • Seismic tomography shows 670km discontinuity is not a barrier for convection and mantle may be mixed • Models of mantle convection • Avalanches? Intermittent mixing. (see also some of the tomography). • Lava lamp type of model? ...
The Earth Notes - St Kevins College
... Predicting when earthquakes will occur has not yet proven possible. We can predict reasonably well where they will occur, that is on the lines where the plates meet (the fault lines) but not when they will occur as they can occur suddenly, without warning. They can cause great damage, especially in ...
... Predicting when earthquakes will occur has not yet proven possible. We can predict reasonably well where they will occur, that is on the lines where the plates meet (the fault lines) but not when they will occur as they can occur suddenly, without warning. They can cause great damage, especially in ...
Physics and chemistry of the Earth`s interior – Oceanic
... At some spreading ridges a median valley runs along the axis. Normal-faulted block sit to either side of the ridge. Fast spreading • No median valley, axial high • Topography controlled by melt buoyancy Slow spreading • Median valley forms, axial low • Valley depth controlled by strength of lithosph ...
... At some spreading ridges a median valley runs along the axis. Normal-faulted block sit to either side of the ridge. Fast spreading • No median valley, axial high • Topography controlled by melt buoyancy Slow spreading • Median valley forms, axial low • Valley depth controlled by strength of lithosph ...
mid-ocean ridge
... plankton), which sink from the upper layer of the ocean, known as Pelagic sediments. ...
... plankton), which sink from the upper layer of the ocean, known as Pelagic sediments. ...
2 & 3- Mountain Building and How Australia has - Fellows
... crust is forced into the mantle is takes water and ocean sediments with it. This lowers the melting point of rocks and magma begins to rise to the surface creating the volcanic islands. ...
... crust is forced into the mantle is takes water and ocean sediments with it. This lowers the melting point of rocks and magma begins to rise to the surface creating the volcanic islands. ...
Plate Tectonics Scaffolded Lesson Plan
... Students will be given sentence frames that correspond to each question to support them in constructing oral responses. These four questions will be placed on the tables along with their corresponding map of the region Q1. Why did Africa and South America move apart? ...
... Students will be given sentence frames that correspond to each question to support them in constructing oral responses. These four questions will be placed on the tables along with their corresponding map of the region Q1. Why did Africa and South America move apart? ...
a. a place on Earth where earthquakes
... 46. A divergent boundary at two oceanic plates can result in a ____. a. rift valley c. continental volcanic arc b. volcanic island arc d. subduction zone 47. What type of boundary occurs where two plates move together, causing one plate to descend into the mantle beneath the other plate? a. transfor ...
... 46. A divergent boundary at two oceanic plates can result in a ____. a. rift valley c. continental volcanic arc b. volcanic island arc d. subduction zone 47. What type of boundary occurs where two plates move together, causing one plate to descend into the mantle beneath the other plate? a. transfor ...
White et al Nice abstract
... new acquisition on the Atlantic volcanic margins with new techniques for modelling their evolution. We discuss the distribution of igneous rocks along the North Atlantic margins and discuss the temporal and spatial variations in the Iceland mantle plume in the early Tertiary, which have largely cont ...
... new acquisition on the Atlantic volcanic margins with new techniques for modelling their evolution. We discuss the distribution of igneous rocks along the North Atlantic margins and discuss the temporal and spatial variations in the Iceland mantle plume in the early Tertiary, which have largely cont ...
Unit 1 Day 5.
... in parallel, glancing off of each other with not much more than some scrapes. Of course, those scrapes become something much more severe when translated to human terms - one of the most famous examples of a transform boundary is California's San Andreas fault, responsible for some of the most devast ...
... in parallel, glancing off of each other with not much more than some scrapes. Of course, those scrapes become something much more severe when translated to human terms - one of the most famous examples of a transform boundary is California's San Andreas fault, responsible for some of the most devast ...
Study Guide - Thomas C. Cario Middle School
... 1.) What is the name of the surface along which rocks break when too much force is applied? Fault 2.) What is the name for the vibrations produced by the breaking of rock? Earthquake – seismic waves 3.) In which kind of fault does the rock above the fault (the hanging wall) move ...
... 1.) What is the name of the surface along which rocks break when too much force is applied? Fault 2.) What is the name for the vibrations produced by the breaking of rock? Earthquake – seismic waves 3.) In which kind of fault does the rock above the fault (the hanging wall) move ...
Chapter 2: Earth`s Structure
... • layer: one thickness, course, or fold laid or lying over or under another. – The cake had a thin layer of icing covering the top. ...
... • layer: one thickness, course, or fold laid or lying over or under another. – The cake had a thin layer of icing covering the top. ...
Preview Sample 2
... 10. Physically, the uppermost layers of Earth are the rigid lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle) and the asthenosphere, which is softer and flows plastically. The “plates” of plate tectonic theory are discrete slabs of the lithosphere, which move with respect to one another atop the weaker asthe ...
... 10. Physically, the uppermost layers of Earth are the rigid lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle) and the asthenosphere, which is softer and flows plastically. The “plates” of plate tectonic theory are discrete slabs of the lithosphere, which move with respect to one another atop the weaker asthe ...
Distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes
... Two (continental) plates moving apart as a result of convection current in the Earth’s crust that determine the direction of movement. Some plates like the North American and Eurasian plates, are moving in opposite directions, away from each other. This type of movement mostly happens under the ocea ...
... Two (continental) plates moving apart as a result of convection current in the Earth’s crust that determine the direction of movement. Some plates like the North American and Eurasian plates, are moving in opposite directions, away from each other. This type of movement mostly happens under the ocea ...
Salt water
... Biogenous – comes from living sources such as shells and skeletons from tiny marine animals ...
... Biogenous – comes from living sources such as shells and skeletons from tiny marine animals ...
Divergent plate boundaries are locations where plates are moving
... Effects of a convergent boundary between an oceanic and continental plate include: a zone of earthquake activity that is shallow along the continent margin but deepens beneath the continent, sometimes an ocean trench immediately off shore of the continent, a line of volcanic eruptions a few hundred ...
... Effects of a convergent boundary between an oceanic and continental plate include: a zone of earthquake activity that is shallow along the continent margin but deepens beneath the continent, sometimes an ocean trench immediately off shore of the continent, a line of volcanic eruptions a few hundred ...
Types of plate boundaries
... Mountains. The continental crust is squashed together as the plates push together and is forced upwards. This is called folding. Where two continental plates converge and push towards each other fold mountains can also be formed such as the Himalayas and Alps. Fold Mountains are also formed at Ocean ...
... Mountains. The continental crust is squashed together as the plates push together and is forced upwards. This is called folding. Where two continental plates converge and push towards each other fold mountains can also be formed such as the Himalayas and Alps. Fold Mountains are also formed at Ocean ...
Lec-08 - nptel
... Theory of Plate tectonics • The theory of Plate tectonics was proposed in 1960s based on the theory of continental drift. • This is the Unifying theory that explains the formation and deformation of the Earth’s surface. • According to this theory, continents are carried along on huge slabs (plates) ...
... Theory of Plate tectonics • The theory of Plate tectonics was proposed in 1960s based on the theory of continental drift. • This is the Unifying theory that explains the formation and deformation of the Earth’s surface. • According to this theory, continents are carried along on huge slabs (plates) ...
What we`re gonna do today
... need to look to find the oldest rocks? What we’re gonna do today Video: Plate Tectonics Reflect Please write a one paragraph summary of the video. In your paragraph, please also give a critique of the video. Please be honest and appropriate. Homework Have a wonderful weekend! ...
... need to look to find the oldest rocks? What we’re gonna do today Video: Plate Tectonics Reflect Please write a one paragraph summary of the video. In your paragraph, please also give a critique of the video. Please be honest and appropriate. Homework Have a wonderful weekend! ...
Plate Tectonics Continental Drift
... current plate movements continue unchanged, part of California will become an island off the coast of Washington, the Mediterranean Sea may close, and eastern ...
... current plate movements continue unchanged, part of California will become an island off the coast of Washington, the Mediterranean Sea may close, and eastern ...
Earth`s Interior (pages 6–13)
... very hot inside Earth. One reason it is so hot is that some substances inside Earth give off energy. • Pressure also increases from the crust to the core. Pressure is caused by a force pressing on an area. There is great pressure inside Earth because of all the rock pressing down from above. Answer ...
... very hot inside Earth. One reason it is so hot is that some substances inside Earth give off energy. • Pressure also increases from the crust to the core. Pressure is caused by a force pressing on an area. There is great pressure inside Earth because of all the rock pressing down from above. Answer ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.