Cardiac resynchronization was effective for moderate-to
... Despite these limitations, resynchronization therapy should be considered for patients who have depressed left ventricular systolic function, NYHA class III or IV congestive heart failure symptoms despite optimal medical therapy, and a QRS duration ≥ 130 msec. Additional data suggest that patients w ...
... Despite these limitations, resynchronization therapy should be considered for patients who have depressed left ventricular systolic function, NYHA class III or IV congestive heart failure symptoms despite optimal medical therapy, and a QRS duration ≥ 130 msec. Additional data suggest that patients w ...
Arrhythmias
... levels· Also, ischemia affects the Na+/K+ pump which requires ATP to extrude Na+ out of the cell. If this pump fails to work (due to lack of ATP) Na+ concentrations increase in the cell, resulting in depolarization ...
... levels· Also, ischemia affects the Na+/K+ pump which requires ATP to extrude Na+ out of the cell. If this pump fails to work (due to lack of ATP) Na+ concentrations increase in the cell, resulting in depolarization ...
4 Decisions Driving Growth - Croydon Health Services NHS Trust
... “Rule-out” test for HF Diagnosis: • typical history • physical signs • evidence of an underlying cause (12 lead ECG, CXR, echo) B-Natriuretic peptides: • Released by stretched ventricular myocytes • Homeostatic mechanism - decrease SVR, cause natriuresis (sodium and water loss) • N-terminal (NT-)pro ...
... “Rule-out” test for HF Diagnosis: • typical history • physical signs • evidence of an underlying cause (12 lead ECG, CXR, echo) B-Natriuretic peptides: • Released by stretched ventricular myocytes • Homeostatic mechanism - decrease SVR, cause natriuresis (sodium and water loss) • N-terminal (NT-)pro ...
FITT Principle note sheet
... Cardio must be done with the heart rate in the THRZ (Target Heart Rate Zone) THRZ= 60-75% of maximum heart rate which is 220 minus your age. For a 15yr old, the heart rate should be between 123-154 (6075%) Strength training can be achieved using one of two methods: 1) OVERLOAD PRINCIPLE: where o ...
... Cardio must be done with the heart rate in the THRZ (Target Heart Rate Zone) THRZ= 60-75% of maximum heart rate which is 220 minus your age. For a 15yr old, the heart rate should be between 123-154 (6075%) Strength training can be achieved using one of two methods: 1) OVERLOAD PRINCIPLE: where o ...
CVS Pathology Lecture Notes (L1)
... ii. mitral (note: load on left ATRIUM, not ventricle ) 3. loss of muscle a. myocardia infarction b. myocarditis 4. loss of contractility a. poisons b. myocardial infacrtion 5. restricted filling a. constrictive pericarditis b. pericardial effusion Effects or left heart failure 1. decreased perfusion ...
... ii. mitral (note: load on left ATRIUM, not ventricle ) 3. loss of muscle a. myocardia infarction b. myocarditis 4. loss of contractility a. poisons b. myocardial infacrtion 5. restricted filling a. constrictive pericarditis b. pericardial effusion Effects or left heart failure 1. decreased perfusion ...
Cardiovascular: Heart
... • SV = EDV – ESV (ml/beat) • EDV affected by: – Venous return which is dependent on venous tone, skeletal muscle pumps, etc. ...
... • SV = EDV – ESV (ml/beat) • EDV affected by: – Venous return which is dependent on venous tone, skeletal muscle pumps, etc. ...
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
... remove underlying cause. Effective drug treatment removes symptoms & prolong life. ...
... remove underlying cause. Effective drug treatment removes symptoms & prolong life. ...
Non-Communicable Disease Notes
... the heart (serviced by the right side of heart). Systemic Circuit: supplies blood to every organ of the body (serviced by the left side of the heart). ...
... the heart (serviced by the right side of heart). Systemic Circuit: supplies blood to every organ of the body (serviced by the left side of the heart). ...
S2213177915000670_mmc1
... note that while NYHA classification also correlated with events in this registry, the KCCQ score correlated more strongly with prognosis in HFpEF patients. ...
... note that while NYHA classification also correlated with events in this registry, the KCCQ score correlated more strongly with prognosis in HFpEF patients. ...
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
... COOL FACT: The network of blood vessels in the average adult human measures over 60,000 miles! If unraveled, it could wrap around the Earth’s equator over two times! BRAIN POWER: An empty artery is a hollow tube (like a pipe). An empty vein, however, will collapse (like an empty balloon). This is b ...
... COOL FACT: The network of blood vessels in the average adult human measures over 60,000 miles! If unraveled, it could wrap around the Earth’s equator over two times! BRAIN POWER: An empty artery is a hollow tube (like a pipe). An empty vein, however, will collapse (like an empty balloon). This is b ...
Practice Questions - Answers Which of the following is not an effect
... 11. S3 and S4 (sometimes referred to as gallops due to their characteristic rhythm) are additional heart sounds occurring at the beginning of diastole and towards the end of diastole respectively, typically in the setting of heart disease (but not always). Postulate the underlying mechanical cause o ...
... 11. S3 and S4 (sometimes referred to as gallops due to their characteristic rhythm) are additional heart sounds occurring at the beginning of diastole and towards the end of diastole respectively, typically in the setting of heart disease (but not always). Postulate the underlying mechanical cause o ...
Chapter 20
... 1. provide physical support for the cardiac muscle fibers, blood vessels, and nerves of the myocardium. 2. help distribute the forces of contraction. 3. add strength and prevent overexpansion of heart 4. provide elasticity that helps return the heart to its original size and shape after a contractio ...
... 1. provide physical support for the cardiac muscle fibers, blood vessels, and nerves of the myocardium. 2. help distribute the forces of contraction. 3. add strength and prevent overexpansion of heart 4. provide elasticity that helps return the heart to its original size and shape after a contractio ...
Cardiovascular System Review
... Murmur: abnormal third heart sound- left ventricle blood goes back into the atrium Not all blood cells will make it over the aortic arch, some falls back on the semilunar valves, which catch it and force the valve shut Problems: Angina pectoris: partial obstruction of coronary blood flow can c ...
... Murmur: abnormal third heart sound- left ventricle blood goes back into the atrium Not all blood cells will make it over the aortic arch, some falls back on the semilunar valves, which catch it and force the valve shut Problems: Angina pectoris: partial obstruction of coronary blood flow can c ...
Chapter 12 Checkpoint Questions 2012
... 14. Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle? ...
... 14. Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle? ...
Cardiac Cycle
... Chemicals affecting HR are “chronotropic” agents, while chemicals affecting contractile force are “inotropic” agents. ▫ Epinephrine- sympathomimetic, increases heart rate and contractile force. ▫ Acetylcholine- parasympathomimetic, decreases heart rate ▫ Atropine- parasympatholytic, increases heart ...
... Chemicals affecting HR are “chronotropic” agents, while chemicals affecting contractile force are “inotropic” agents. ▫ Epinephrine- sympathomimetic, increases heart rate and contractile force. ▫ Acetylcholine- parasympathomimetic, decreases heart rate ▫ Atropine- parasympatholytic, increases heart ...
Heart failure
... HF is a complex clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. ...
... HF is a complex clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. ...
Introduction to Fetal Heart Imaging
... via the umbilical vein, which enters the liver via anastomose with the left portal vein. This richly oxygenated blood shunts through the ductus venosus to join the IVC and the left atrium. From there, the oxygenated stream is directed across the foramen ovale to the left side of the heart. Deoxygena ...
... via the umbilical vein, which enters the liver via anastomose with the left portal vein. This richly oxygenated blood shunts through the ductus venosus to join the IVC and the left atrium. From there, the oxygenated stream is directed across the foramen ovale to the left side of the heart. Deoxygena ...
Intracardiac Shunts - National Jewish Health
... PFO’s and ASD’s are often diagnosed by an ultrasound of the heart (echocardiogram). An echocardiogram allows for the visualization of the hole, determination of the direction of the shunt, and estimation of the amount of shunt. Other imaging tests include: transesophageal echo (TEE), cardiac CT, and ...
... PFO’s and ASD’s are often diagnosed by an ultrasound of the heart (echocardiogram). An echocardiogram allows for the visualization of the hole, determination of the direction of the shunt, and estimation of the amount of shunt. Other imaging tests include: transesophageal echo (TEE), cardiac CT, and ...
Summary of Factors that Regulate Cardiac Output
... Summary: Control of Stroke Volume FS LoH • End diastolic volume (preload) • Contractility (strength of ventricular contraction due to adrenergic stimulation) • Pressure in arteries that must be overcome = Afterload ...
... Summary: Control of Stroke Volume FS LoH • End diastolic volume (preload) • Contractility (strength of ventricular contraction due to adrenergic stimulation) • Pressure in arteries that must be overcome = Afterload ...
Physiology, Health & Exercise
... Strengthened cardiac muscle- capable of more forceful contraction- higher SV- even at rest Athlete’s heart actually gets bigger- cardiac hypertrophy Increase in protein synthesis in cardiac muscle fibres increase in contractile elements within each fibre increase in size ...
... Strengthened cardiac muscle- capable of more forceful contraction- higher SV- even at rest Athlete’s heart actually gets bigger- cardiac hypertrophy Increase in protein synthesis in cardiac muscle fibres increase in contractile elements within each fibre increase in size ...
Congestive Heart Failure
... The codes listed below best define/describe the Heart Failure population. These codes are to be used for the following: Baseline chart audit of # Heart Failure patients receiving best practice care Ongoing abstraction (quarterly) to provide a denominator to determine the compliance rate for the ...
... The codes listed below best define/describe the Heart Failure population. These codes are to be used for the following: Baseline chart audit of # Heart Failure patients receiving best practice care Ongoing abstraction (quarterly) to provide a denominator to determine the compliance rate for the ...
Heart and work Cardiac reserve - Energy Energy Force and pressure
... load, but it will be “concentric” , because in this case the ventricular volume is not enlarged and may in some circumstances actually be decreased. However, even in concentric hypertrophy the enddiastolic volume will be reduced and thus also the stroke volume (backward HF). When there is a high pre ...
... load, but it will be “concentric” , because in this case the ventricular volume is not enlarged and may in some circumstances actually be decreased. However, even in concentric hypertrophy the enddiastolic volume will be reduced and thus also the stroke volume (backward HF). When there is a high pre ...
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.