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Heart and Circulatory System About the
Heart and Circulatory System About the

... 60,000 miles of blood vessels that branch and cross, linking the cells of our organs and body parts. From the hard-working heart, to our thickest arteries, to capillaries so thin that they can only be seen through a microscope, the cardiovascular system is our body's lifeline. The circulatory system ...
Pressure – Volume Relationships
Pressure – Volume Relationships

... pressure (CVP) and right atrial pressure (RAP). – RAP responds to increasing venous return that must be matched by an increase in cardiac function. – That is, ventricular function must increase to increase output and bring venous return to equilibrium. – For example, increasing blood volume shifts t ...
anesthesia for a patient of mitral stenosis
anesthesia for a patient of mitral stenosis

... Diagnosis of Mitral Stenosis Assessment of hemodynamic severity ◦ mean gradient, mitral valve area, pulmonary artery pressure Assessment of right ventricular size and function. Diagnosis and assessment of concomitant valvular lesions Reevaluation of patients with known MS with changing symptoms or s ...
Feline Cardiomyopathies: Treatment modalities - Acapulco-Vet
Feline Cardiomyopathies: Treatment modalities - Acapulco-Vet

... diuretics as above). Taurine supplementation (250-500 mg/cat PO q 8-12 hrs) is strongly advocated whilst waiting for the results of serum taurine analysis. In the case of taurine deficiency the cardiomyopathic changes are nearly always completely reversible and over a six-week period the cat can be ...
invasive hemodynamic monitoring
invasive hemodynamic monitoring

... defects of the heart or catheter; can be caused by kinks, air bubbles in the system, or clots Solution: Check your line for kinks & air bubbles, aspirate (not flush) for clots, straighten out tubing or patient as much as possible No waveform – can occur with non-perfusing ...
New-onset dyspnoea in the young adult: consider the serious causes
New-onset dyspnoea in the young adult: consider the serious causes

... recent viral illness, alcohol intake and recent pregnancy as possible causes. A young patient’s symptoms, particularly at initial presentation, correlate poorly with cardiac dysfunction and prognosis. Clinical signs range from subtle to obvious in heart failure. Elevated pulse and low to low-normal ...
ppt - Open.Michigan - University of Michigan
ppt - Open.Michigan - University of Michigan

... Widened Mediastinum ...
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CO - Moodle

...  volume of blood pumped out of ventricle per minute ...
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

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Obstructive Shock
Obstructive Shock

... vaccinations [8]. Other common causes include postpericardiotomy syndrome (following cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease) and trauma, most often causing hemopericardium. Effusions may also develop as a result of a central line that erodes through the thin wall of the right atrium, a phenome ...
Beware herbal medicine and over-the
Beware herbal medicine and over-the

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Heart Failure - Royal Berkshire Hospital
Heart Failure - Royal Berkshire Hospital

... that exertion produces unaccustomed tiredness. Severe fatigue, present all the day and at rest, is unlikely to be due to heart failure unless the latter is uncontrolled and accompanied by marked breathlessness and swollen ankles. Breathlessness is due to a build up of fluid in the lungs resulting fr ...
Hypertension
Hypertension

... Muscle-strengthening activities are recommended at least two days a week and should work all major muscle groups. ...
Dog heart coronary artery cast - Online Veterinary Anatomy Museum
Dog heart coronary artery cast - Online Veterinary Anatomy Museum

... intez,uentv,iculav' branch ...
Fontan failure associated with a restrictive systemic
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... long-standing volume deprivation of the ventricle. This severe chronic volume deprivation of the ventricle has led to progressive ‘‘disuse hypofunction,’’ with eventually the development of a restrictive cardiomyopathy that accounts for the observed severe diastolic ventricular dysfunction with redu ...
Chapter 14a
Chapter 14a

... Flow Rate is Not the Same as Velocity of Flow • Flow (Q): volume that passes a given point • Velocity of flow (V): speed of flow • V = Q/A A= cross sectional area • Leaf in stream ...
Cardiac Tamponade Avi Patel, M.D. August 1, 2005 Introduction The
Cardiac Tamponade Avi Patel, M.D. August 1, 2005 Introduction The

... Venous return is compromised as well since the heart is compressed throughout the cardiac cycle because of the pressure exerted by the expanding pericardial space. During inspiration, negative thoracic pressure leads to a decrease in the pressure of in both the right atrium and the pericardial space ...
Messiah Messenger
Messiah Messenger

... blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies.” According to the American Heart Association heart failure can be defined as: “Heart failure is a chronic, progressive condition in which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough bl ...
Ch 21: Cardiovascular System - The Heart -
Ch 21: Cardiovascular System - The Heart -

... the heart and other body tissues.  arteries carry blood away from the heart  veins carry blood back to the heart • Arteries carry blood high in oxygen.  (except for the pulmonary arteries) ...
Parent-Athlete Signature Form
Parent-Athlete Signature Form

... SCA is the #1 cause of death for adults in this country. There are about 300,000 cardiac arrests outside hospitals each year. About 2,000 patients under 25 die of SCA each year. It is the #1 cause of death for student athletes. Are there warning signs? Although SCA happens unexpectedly, some people ...
Supplementary Information (doc 58K)
Supplementary Information (doc 58K)

... Measurement of left ventricular function by cardiac catheterization and echocardiography. At the day of cardiac gene transfer (2 weeks after MI) and at the end of the study (14 weeks after MI) we performed echocardiography and LV catheter-based hemodynamic measurements with a Philips Sonos 5500 ima ...
CHF Coaching
CHF Coaching

... MEDICINES and Congestive Heart Failure Medicines change the way your body functions. Medicines used to treat heart failure work to reduce the strain on the heart. Medicines used for heart failure work by helping your body: • Get rid of fluid • Lower blood pressure • Slow the heart rate • Make t ...
Endothelial dysfunction and heart failure
Endothelial dysfunction and heart failure

... lipopolysaccharides and oxidative stress, all factors activated in CHF20,21, have adverse effects on both endothelial function and integrity22-26, only few reports in CHF have been released up to date. Apoptotic endothelial cell damage is evident in leg skeletal muscle interstitial capillaries of ra ...
Which of the following medications does NOT treat hypertension?
Which of the following medications does NOT treat hypertension?

... cardiac scan Venography Holter monitor cardiac enzymes ...
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Heart failure



Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.
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