High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
... Are higher HDL levels more protective? Most health professionals are taught that the higher the HDL the more protection it offers. However some specialist doctors are beginning to question this. Even so it is still not entirely clear at what level the protection from HDL is lost or reduced, and inde ...
... Are higher HDL levels more protective? Most health professionals are taught that the higher the HDL the more protection it offers. However some specialist doctors are beginning to question this. Even so it is still not entirely clear at what level the protection from HDL is lost or reduced, and inde ...
Understanding your child`s heart Tetralogy of Fallot
... The risk associated with the shunt operation is usually low, but varies from one child to another. Your surgeon will discuss this with you. Ninety-eight in every 100 children survive the major repair operation.2 The risk of getting brain damage as a result of this operation is small – probably arou ...
... The risk associated with the shunt operation is usually low, but varies from one child to another. Your surgeon will discuss this with you. Ninety-eight in every 100 children survive the major repair operation.2 The risk of getting brain damage as a result of this operation is small – probably arou ...
Standardized cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
Chapter 19, Cardiovascular System
... Blood pressure cycles over a 24-hour period BP peaks in the morning due to waxing and waning levels of retinoic acid Extrinsic factors such as age, sex, weight, race, mood, posture, socioeconomic status, and physical activity may also cause BP to vary ...
... Blood pressure cycles over a 24-hour period BP peaks in the morning due to waxing and waning levels of retinoic acid Extrinsic factors such as age, sex, weight, race, mood, posture, socioeconomic status, and physical activity may also cause BP to vary ...
Slide 1
... can be performed in delayed presentation if absence of thrombi is confirmed by transesophageal echocardiogram; if presenting after 2 days or if thrombus is seen on ECG, then anticoagulate and wait 3–4 weeks before cardioversion; AV nodal ablation can be considered for recurrent cases Complications = ...
... can be performed in delayed presentation if absence of thrombi is confirmed by transesophageal echocardiogram; if presenting after 2 days or if thrombus is seen on ECG, then anticoagulate and wait 3–4 weeks before cardioversion; AV nodal ablation can be considered for recurrent cases Complications = ...
Isolated Fetal Endocardial Fibroelastosis Diagnosed and
... endocardium which mainly affects the left ventricle.1 This mainly leads to decreased compliance and stroke volume. It has been classified as primary and secondary forms according to whether a structural cardiac anomaly is present such as aortic stenosis, coarctation or anomalies at the origin of lef ...
... endocardium which mainly affects the left ventricle.1 This mainly leads to decreased compliance and stroke volume. It has been classified as primary and secondary forms according to whether a structural cardiac anomaly is present such as aortic stenosis, coarctation or anomalies at the origin of lef ...
Derivation and Prospective Validation of a Simple Index for
... obtain American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class for all patients. Consenting patients agreed to postoperative sampling of creatine kinase (CK) and, if total CK levels were elevated, CK-MB immediately after surgery, at 8 PM on the evening of surgery, and on the next 2 mornings. For other enr ...
... obtain American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class for all patients. Consenting patients agreed to postoperative sampling of creatine kinase (CK) and, if total CK levels were elevated, CK-MB immediately after surgery, at 8 PM on the evening of surgery, and on the next 2 mornings. For other enr ...
Unsupervised Similarity-Based Risk Stratification for Cardiovascular
... cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally and causes roughly 17 million deaths each year (World Health Organization, 2009). By 2030, this number is expected to grow to nearly 24 million deaths annually (World Health Organization, 2009). Most of these cases ...
... cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally and causes roughly 17 million deaths each year (World Health Organization, 2009). By 2030, this number is expected to grow to nearly 24 million deaths annually (World Health Organization, 2009). Most of these cases ...
Long-term risk of stroke after a first
... than compared to Finnish study (2.2%) (19). It should be noted, however, that our study population was younger than Finnish one (25-61 yrs vs. 25-74 yrs.). Arterial fibrillation (AF) may also occur after AMI as an independent risk factor for post-MI stroke (16). Also cholesterol reduction with stati ...
... than compared to Finnish study (2.2%) (19). It should be noted, however, that our study population was younger than Finnish one (25-61 yrs vs. 25-74 yrs.). Arterial fibrillation (AF) may also occur after AMI as an independent risk factor for post-MI stroke (16). Also cholesterol reduction with stati ...
Autonomic and Neurohumoral Control of Postprandial Blood
... Following equipment attachment and calibration, subjects rested supine for 30 minutes to reach equilibrium. Next, subjects sat in a semirecumbent position for 10 minutes to consume a standardized test meal. The meal consisted of a Nestle Carnation Instant Breakfast French Vanilla drink (55 g), Moduc ...
... Following equipment attachment and calibration, subjects rested supine for 30 minutes to reach equilibrium. Next, subjects sat in a semirecumbent position for 10 minutes to consume a standardized test meal. The meal consisted of a Nestle Carnation Instant Breakfast French Vanilla drink (55 g), Moduc ...
cardiovascular disturbances caused by deficiency of vitamin b1
... The brachial and radial arteries felt normal for his age, and no changes were visible in the retinal arteries. The blood pressure was 135/80 mm. The pulse was regular and the rate 120. The apex beat was felt three quarters of an inch external to the left nipple line. The heart sounds were tic-tac in ...
... The brachial and radial arteries felt normal for his age, and no changes were visible in the retinal arteries. The blood pressure was 135/80 mm. The pulse was regular and the rate 120. The apex beat was felt three quarters of an inch external to the left nipple line. The heart sounds were tic-tac in ...
Coronary subclavian steal syndrome: a rare
... in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Increasingly, CSSS is being recognised as a rare cause for angina after coronary bypass surgery. Diversion of coronary blood flow from the left anterior descending artery (LAD) to the left arm results in angina and rarely in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) ...
... in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Increasingly, CSSS is being recognised as a rare cause for angina after coronary bypass surgery. Diversion of coronary blood flow from the left anterior descending artery (LAD) to the left arm results in angina and rarely in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) ...
How A Coronary Stenosis Progresses
... "it's been suggested that grafting alters the natural history of atheroma by changing patterns of flow, and this of course is entirely keeping with our data." As to why moderate lesions would progress differently on the left and right sides, "it may be that the pathophysiology is different" on each ...
... "it's been suggested that grafting alters the natural history of atheroma by changing patterns of flow, and this of course is entirely keeping with our data." As to why moderate lesions would progress differently on the left and right sides, "it may be that the pathophysiology is different" on each ...
Tailored acute heart failure treatment
... approximately 30% in the 1960s to 6-7% at present. However, the mortality observed in AMI patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) exceeds 50% and has hardly improved, despite the introduction of modern treatment strategies1,2. Most CS-related deaths occur during the first 48 hours1–3. Thus, instant sim ...
... approximately 30% in the 1960s to 6-7% at present. However, the mortality observed in AMI patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) exceeds 50% and has hardly improved, despite the introduction of modern treatment strategies1,2. Most CS-related deaths occur during the first 48 hours1–3. Thus, instant sim ...
Editor`s Perspective - Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
... Although it is essentially impossible to ablate midseptal accessory pathways without risk to the AV node, anterior septal pathways, while often challenging, do give the operator clear options for high success rates and lower risk for injury to the compact AV node. Because the compact AV node is a mi ...
... Although it is essentially impossible to ablate midseptal accessory pathways without risk to the AV node, anterior septal pathways, while often challenging, do give the operator clear options for high success rates and lower risk for injury to the compact AV node. Because the compact AV node is a mi ...
SECTION 1: CARDIOLOGY CHAPTER 2: HYPERTENSION
... Q.6. A 67-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room by her son. He states that she has been “acting strangely” for the last day or so. According to her records, her usual antihypertensive regimen consists of lisinopril/HCTZ 20/25 mg po every day, nifedipine extended release 90 mg po every day, ...
... Q.6. A 67-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room by her son. He states that she has been “acting strangely” for the last day or so. According to her records, her usual antihypertensive regimen consists of lisinopril/HCTZ 20/25 mg po every day, nifedipine extended release 90 mg po every day, ...
Single coronary artery with anomalous origin of right coronary artery
... A coronary artery anomaly (CAA) is a congenital defect of one or more coronary arteries of the heart in terms of origin, number, course and termination of the artery. The exact mechanism of CAA development is not elucidated yet. CAA is associated with some other congenital heart diseases like tetral ...
... A coronary artery anomaly (CAA) is a congenital defect of one or more coronary arteries of the heart in terms of origin, number, course and termination of the artery. The exact mechanism of CAA development is not elucidated yet. CAA is associated with some other congenital heart diseases like tetral ...
Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure P A
... Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by impaired structure and/or function of the heart, leading to dyspnea and fatigue at rest or with exertion. The pathophysiology of heart failure is complex, and there is no single lesion. Any form of heart disease can lead to heart failure. Most he ...
... Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by impaired structure and/or function of the heart, leading to dyspnea and fatigue at rest or with exertion. The pathophysiology of heart failure is complex, and there is no single lesion. Any form of heart disease can lead to heart failure. Most he ...
Obstructive Coronary Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Heart
... Coronary Stenosis and Myocardial Ischemia: Re-Examining the Link ...
... Coronary Stenosis and Myocardial Ischemia: Re-Examining the Link ...
Anomalous origin of the left anterior descending coronary artery
... (Type IV dual LAD) is a very rare coronary artery anomaly. In this report, we describe a 49 year old woman presenting with unstable angina and positive for myocardial ischemia exercise tolerance test who subsequently was found to have this coronary anomaly.The diagnosis was made with coronary angiog ...
... (Type IV dual LAD) is a very rare coronary artery anomaly. In this report, we describe a 49 year old woman presenting with unstable angina and positive for myocardial ischemia exercise tolerance test who subsequently was found to have this coronary anomaly.The diagnosis was made with coronary angiog ...
Response of myocardial oxygenation to breathing manoeuvres and
... long breath-holds, elicit significant changes of cerebral and coronary perfusion,4 – 6 largely induced by the vasodilatory effects of blood carbon dioxide, which increases with apnoea and decreases with hyperventilation. While most imaging methods do not have sufficient temporal or spatial resolutio ...
... long breath-holds, elicit significant changes of cerebral and coronary perfusion,4 – 6 largely induced by the vasodilatory effects of blood carbon dioxide, which increases with apnoea and decreases with hyperventilation. While most imaging methods do not have sufficient temporal or spatial resolutio ...
Management of Mitral Stenosis - e
... units of benzathiazine penicillin every 4 weeks for most patients and every 3 weeks in populations in which the incidence of rheumatic fever is very high [1]. Penicillin V 250 mg twice daily or sulfadiazine 500 mg to 1,000 mg once daily dependent on weight may be used. For penicillin-allergic person ...
... units of benzathiazine penicillin every 4 weeks for most patients and every 3 weeks in populations in which the incidence of rheumatic fever is very high [1]. Penicillin V 250 mg twice daily or sulfadiazine 500 mg to 1,000 mg once daily dependent on weight may be used. For penicillin-allergic person ...
Sudden Cardiac Death
... ALCAPA ALCAPA results in the left ventricular myocardium being perfused by relatively desaturated blood under low pressure, leading to myocardial ischemia L-R SHUNT ...
... ALCAPA ALCAPA results in the left ventricular myocardium being perfused by relatively desaturated blood under low pressure, leading to myocardial ischemia L-R SHUNT ...
Document
... function of the myocardium (i.e., the actual heart muscle) for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death or both.[1] ...
... function of the myocardium (i.e., the actual heart muscle) for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death or both.[1] ...
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.