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Full Article - Medical Ultrasonography Journal
Full Article - Medical Ultrasonography Journal

... Normal anatomy and fetal heart malformations Examination of the fetal heart implies, firstly, determining the fetal position, then establishing the position of the fetal heart, verifying the atrio-ventricular connection, the atrio-ventricular valves, detecting anomalies. Evaluation of the fetal hear ...
Aquilion PRIME CT scanner for imaging coronary artery
Aquilion PRIME CT scanner for imaging coronary artery

... (Aquilion ONE, Brilliance iCT, Discovery CT750 HD and Somatom Definition Flash), all of which have technical enhancements that can improve CTCA image acquisition in people with suspected or known coronary artery disease in whom imaging is difficult with earlier generation CT scanners. The following ...
Cardiovascular Physiology
Cardiovascular Physiology

... later branches become thinner and their walls contains less elastic and more smooth muscle, until the level of the arterioles, where the muscular layer predominates the pressure drop from the aortic root to the arterioles is small and flow velocity remains high the arterioles are the major resistanc ...
Tissue pathways for cardiovascular pathology
Tissue pathways for cardiovascular pathology

... In suspected Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, immunohistochemical staining for dystrophin is useful. Moreover, dystrophin components5 should be investigated on all young male patients. Amyloid may be immunohistochemically typed on paraffin embedded tissue. A4.2 Electron microscopy Small sam ...
Clinical Trials in Cardiac Rhythm Management
Clinical Trials in Cardiac Rhythm Management

... 6 Sutton R, Kenny RA. The natural history of sick sinus syndrome. PACE 1986;9(6, Part 2):1110-1114. 7 Rosenqvist M, Brandt J, Schuller H. Atrial versus ventricular pacing in sinus node disease: a treatment comparison study. Am Heart J. February 1986;111(2):292-297. 8 Rosenqvist M, Vallin H, Edhag O. ...
vascular-technology-lecture-19-carotid-duplex-scanning-and-cfi-part-b
vascular-technology-lecture-19-carotid-duplex-scanning-and-cfi-part-b

... • Helical Flow occurs at the carotid bulb and is not a mirror image artifact (waveforms are not demonstrated one above the other. ...
Alcohol Consumption, Left Atrial Diameter, and Atrial Fibrillation
Alcohol Consumption, Left Atrial Diameter, and Atrial Fibrillation

... calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of the participant’s height in meters (kg/m2).16 Treatment with diabetes mellitus medications or a fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL were used to determine the presence of diabetes mellitus.17,18 If participants reported smoking ≥1 cigarette da ...
Left Atrial Volume Index as a Clinical Marker for Atrial Fibrillation
Left Atrial Volume Index as a Clinical Marker for Atrial Fibrillation

... the LA, a condition known as stiff LA syndrome [23,24]. This entity causes a reduction of LA compliance, a marked increase in LA and pulmonary pressures, and right heart failure. Chronic volume overload associated with conditions with high output states can also contribute to generalized chamber enl ...
Heart Murmurs in Dogs - Kingsbrook Animal Hospital
Heart Murmurs in Dogs - Kingsbrook Animal Hospital

... If your pet is still a young puppy and the murmur is of low intensity, your veterinarian may recommend a re-examination in a few weeks time to track whether the murmur has decreased in intensity or disappeared, indicating that it was likely an innocent murmur. Similarly, if your adult dog appears to ...
association between plasma homocysteine and suspected myocardial ischaemia
association between plasma homocysteine and suspected myocardial ischaemia

... patients with elevated homocysteine levels compared to those with normal homocysteine levels. This again suggests that higher homocysteine levels are seen in patients with established and more extensive disease, often resulting in a dilated left ventricle and reduced left ventricular pump efficacy. ...
Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated With Ventricular
Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated With Ventricular

... such as reperfusion injury, coronary microvascular dysfunction or small vessel disease, "no-reflow" phenomenon, stunned myocardium, and hibernating myocardium, which have become the target of basic research and clinical investigation. The replication of these phenomena in experimental models has att ...
Coronary Physiology and Atherosclerosis
Coronary Physiology and Atherosclerosis

... are frequently found at the periphery of the lipid core. ...
FATS
FATS

... These should clear after a few hours. High levels can persist if you have taken in more fat; sugar or alcohol than your body can use. Blood tests for triglyceride levels should always be performed before breakfast. If the level of triglycerides is high, even after you have had plenty of time for the ...
Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of
Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of

... types of anomalies (4). While it is agreed that surgical correction is the standard of care for left ACAOS when found, the management of right ACAOS is more difficult. Imaging, usually with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, is helpful in defining high-risk features, including the prese ...
The Duckett-Jones Criteria
The Duckett-Jones Criteria

... Glomerulonephritis, Osler's nodes, and rheumatoid factor Positive blood culture but does not meet a major criterion as noted above or serological evidence of active infection with organism consistent with Endocarditis Consistent with IE but do not meet a major criteria ...
Cardiomegaly in 2-month-old-baby. Anomalous origin of the left
Cardiomegaly in 2-month-old-baby. Anomalous origin of the left

... At the time of admission, she was in poor general condition, with the sings of heart failure, tachypnea and sweating. In physical examination increased limits of cardiac dullness, pulsation of the precordial region, tachycardia, systolic murmur of mitral incompetence over the apex and hepatomegaly w ...
Core Laboratory services
Core Laboratory services

... Cardialysis has over 30 years of experience acting as an independent core laboratory in clinical trials in cardiology. To date we have been involved in over 250 clinical trials varying from phase II and phase III clinical studies, registries, post-marketing studies and Investigator Sponsored Studies ...
Emrah Ermis, Emrah Ipek, Selami Demirelli From the Department of
Emrah Ermis, Emrah Ipek, Selami Demirelli From the Department of

... We present a rare case of double right coronary artery (RCA) arising from separate ostia. A 62 years old male patient was admitted with acute onset retrosternal chest pain. ECG was suggestive of sinus rhythm with intraventicular conduction delay and pathological q waves in D3 and avF derivations wit ...
Low-Volume, High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients with CAD
Low-Volume, High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients with CAD

... Given that ‘‘lack of time’’ is one of the commonly cited barriers to exercise adherence in cardiac rehabilitation (3), a lowvolume, high-intensity interval protocol may be a superior treatment strategy in terms of adherence if the resultant physiological benefits are comparable. The purpose of this ...
老人心電圖之表現差異 EKG Changes in The Elderly
老人心電圖之表現差異 EKG Changes in The Elderly

... duration > or = 410 ms was 1.6 times more than in men with QTc duration 380-409 ms (95 % CI 1.1-2.3). [Survival rate of older men in dependence of QT corrected interval duration] ...
01_Paper_Totally dilated right coronary artery
01_Paper_Totally dilated right coronary artery

... (LAD) and the distal LAD 1.9±0.4mm, for the right coronary artery, proximal diameter varied between 3.9±0.6 and 2.8±0.5mm. Women had smaller epicardial arterial diameter than men (3). There is a difference between CEA and aneurysm of coronary arteries, although such diseases may be manifestation of ...
World Heart Day - ESL Holiday Lessons
World Heart Day - ESL Holiday Lessons

... stroke are the world’s leader / leading causes of death. Over 17 million people die each year from they / these. Another main aim is to educate the world population that 80 per cent of deaths from / of heart disease are premature. Most people who suffer heart attacks and strokes could live / life lo ...
heart and neck vessel assessment
heart and neck vessel assessment

... chambers, the right and left atria, and two lower chambers, the right and left ventricles. The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a partition called the septum. The thin-walled atria receive blood returning to the heart and pump blood into the ventricles. The thickerwalled ventricles ...
A Genetic Variant of the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Gene Is
A Genetic Variant of the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Gene Is

... Prevalence of rs5068 and circulating natriuretic peptides. From collected DNA samples on 2,027 subjects, a total of 1,608 subjects were successfully genotyped and included in this study. Genotype frequencies of rs5068 were AA: 89.9% (n ⫽ 1,445), AG: 9.7% (n ⫽ 157), and GG: 0.4% (n ⫽ 6), correspondin ...
American Ginseng Acutely Regulates Contractile Function of the Heart
American Ginseng Acutely Regulates Contractile Function of the Heart

... 2) Chronic treatment of ginseng exerts a relaxing effect (decreased systolic blood pressure, vasodilatation, depressant action on cardiomyocyte contraction and heart rate) 3) Underlying mechanisms are still unclear ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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