Exercise Standards for Testing and Training A Statement for
... the second minute of each intensity of exercise below the ventilatory threshold. Maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2 max) is the greatest amount of oxygen a person can take in from inspired air while performing dynamic exercise involving a large part of total muscle mass.6 It is considered the best mea ...
... the second minute of each intensity of exercise below the ventilatory threshold. Maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2 max) is the greatest amount of oxygen a person can take in from inspired air while performing dynamic exercise involving a large part of total muscle mass.6 It is considered the best mea ...
PDF - Heart Rhythm Society
... create, review, and categorize clinical situations where physicians utilize diagnostic tests and procedures to care for patients with cardiovascular disease. The process is based on current understanding of the benefits and risks of the procedures examined. Although impossible to be entirely compreh ...
... create, review, and categorize clinical situations where physicians utilize diagnostic tests and procedures to care for patients with cardiovascular disease. The process is based on current understanding of the benefits and risks of the procedures examined. Although impossible to be entirely compreh ...
2.2. The object of the study
... disease (CAD), is the leading cause of death in most developed countries, despite decreases in mortality over the last few decades. Although mortality has declined, morbidity has increased, as more patients live with the consequences of ischemic heart damage [63]. Cardiovascular disease claims almos ...
... disease (CAD), is the leading cause of death in most developed countries, despite decreases in mortality over the last few decades. Although mortality has declined, morbidity has increased, as more patients live with the consequences of ischemic heart damage [63]. Cardiovascular disease claims almos ...
Coronary arteriosclerosis in salmon: growing old or
... The functional significance of the coronary circulation in fish differs from that in mammals in that it provides only a supplemental supply of oxygen to cardiac muscle. Therefore, the fish heart does not have an obligatory dependence on its coronary blood flow. This fact is demonstrated by the obser ...
... The functional significance of the coronary circulation in fish differs from that in mammals in that it provides only a supplemental supply of oxygen to cardiac muscle. Therefore, the fish heart does not have an obligatory dependence on its coronary blood flow. This fact is demonstrated by the obser ...
The Coronary Venous Anatomy
... lead implantation may vary depending on the region and/or extent of dyssynchrony (11,12). Transvenous LV lead placement is dependent on the availability of a vein, and because of the variable coronary venous anatomy, there may not always be a suitable major vein in the region of interest that can ac ...
... lead implantation may vary depending on the region and/or extent of dyssynchrony (11,12). Transvenous LV lead placement is dependent on the availability of a vein, and because of the variable coronary venous anatomy, there may not always be a suitable major vein in the region of interest that can ac ...
Risk scores: a guide in clinical practice? Application of risk scores in
... ‘In NST-ACS, quantitative assessment of ischemic risk by means of scores is superior to the clinical assessment alone’ – European Society of Cardiology, 2015. Evidence-based risk assessment is critical for selection of the optimal management strategy in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NST- ...
... ‘In NST-ACS, quantitative assessment of ischemic risk by means of scores is superior to the clinical assessment alone’ – European Society of Cardiology, 2015. Evidence-based risk assessment is critical for selection of the optimal management strategy in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NST- ...
How to Distinguish Between Innocent and Pathologic Murmurs in
... and more recently by echocardiographic and Doppler studies to originate from the IeR heart. The clinical classification of innocent murmurs is shown in Table 1. Sfill's mumurkZ i s the most common innocent murmur and is characterized by groaning, vibratory, or musical harmonic qualities. It is rathe ...
... and more recently by echocardiographic and Doppler studies to originate from the IeR heart. The clinical classification of innocent murmurs is shown in Table 1. Sfill's mumurkZ i s the most common innocent murmur and is characterized by groaning, vibratory, or musical harmonic qualities. It is rathe ...
Normal and Variant Coronary Arterial and Venous Anatomy
... The LAD artery (Fig. 13) runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus along the ventricular septum. Commonly, the LAD artery may be embedded within the anterior myocardium forming an overlying myocardial bridge (Fig. 14). Myocardial bridging is seen more often on CT than described in the coronary an ...
... The LAD artery (Fig. 13) runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus along the ventricular septum. Commonly, the LAD artery may be embedded within the anterior myocardium forming an overlying myocardial bridge (Fig. 14). Myocardial bridging is seen more often on CT than described in the coronary an ...
Secondary pulmonary hypertension – diagnosis and management
... The later can result from associated pulmonary fibrosis (hemosiderosis or mitral lung), in situ thrombi, non-obliterative atherosclerosis, and morbid arteriolar hypertrophy. Pulmonary venous hypertension without left ventricular failure or mitral disease (pulmonary veno-occlusive disease) is uncommo ...
... The later can result from associated pulmonary fibrosis (hemosiderosis or mitral lung), in situ thrombi, non-obliterative atherosclerosis, and morbid arteriolar hypertrophy. Pulmonary venous hypertension without left ventricular failure or mitral disease (pulmonary veno-occlusive disease) is uncommo ...
Cortisol and Testosterone in Hair as Biological Markers of Systolic
... Heart failure is a progressive disease that occurs when the heart is unable to eject sufficient blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body. There are approximately 500,000 Canadians living with heart failure and 50,000 new patients are diagnosed each year (Ross et al. 2006). There are two main ...
... Heart failure is a progressive disease that occurs when the heart is unable to eject sufficient blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body. There are approximately 500,000 Canadians living with heart failure and 50,000 new patients are diagnosed each year (Ross et al. 2006). There are two main ...
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise
... unless the task force revises or withdraws them from distribution. This report overlaps with several previously published ACC/AHA guidelines for patient treatment that potentially involve exercise testing, including guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery (1)(34 ...
... unless the task force revises or withdraws them from distribution. This report overlaps with several previously published ACC/AHA guidelines for patient treatment that potentially involve exercise testing, including guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery (1)(34 ...
Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography in the Neonatal Intensive
... in the NICU are unique in that they are in the process of transition from fetal to postnatal circulation. In this document, we make clear distinctions between initial echocardiographic studies in neonates with the suspicion of CHD and care unit ...
... in the NICU are unique in that they are in the process of transition from fetal to postnatal circulation. In this document, we make clear distinctions between initial echocardiographic studies in neonates with the suspicion of CHD and care unit ...
Digoxin Immune Fab (DigiFab®) Management of Digoxin Toxicity
... • Serum potassium concentrations return to normal within 2 to 6 hours (hypokalemia may result as toxicity is reversed) • Cardiac arrhythmias are controlled within 3 hours Note: If dysrhythmias are controlled, cardiac monitoring is required for a further 4 hours. If the patient continues to be sympto ...
... • Serum potassium concentrations return to normal within 2 to 6 hours (hypokalemia may result as toxicity is reversed) • Cardiac arrhythmias are controlled within 3 hours Note: If dysrhythmias are controlled, cardiac monitoring is required for a further 4 hours. If the patient continues to be sympto ...
FIELD UNDERWRITING GUIDE - Berson
... Quickly check applications to make sure they are fully complete (click: “Forms Checklist Tool”) ...
... Quickly check applications to make sure they are fully complete (click: “Forms Checklist Tool”) ...
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing
... guidelines will be considered current unless the task force revises or withdraws them from distribution. This report overlaps with several previously published ACC/AHA guidelines for patient treatment that potentially involve exercise testing, including guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular ev ...
... guidelines will be considered current unless the task force revises or withdraws them from distribution. This report overlaps with several previously published ACC/AHA guidelines for patient treatment that potentially involve exercise testing, including guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular ev ...
guideline-for-prevention-of-ais-in-patients-with-stroke-or-tia
... timing and degree of the diagnostic evaluation. By conventional clinical definitions, if the neurological symptoms continue for ⬎24 hours, a person has been diagnosed with stroke; otherwise, a focal neurological deficit lasting ⬍24 hours has been defined as a TIA. With the more widespread use of mod ...
... timing and degree of the diagnostic evaluation. By conventional clinical definitions, if the neurological symptoms continue for ⬎24 hours, a person has been diagnosed with stroke; otherwise, a focal neurological deficit lasting ⬍24 hours has been defined as a TIA. With the more widespread use of mod ...
The Role Of Renin Angiotensin System In Atrial Fibrillation
... Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly encountered cardiac arrhythmia and affects 1% of the North American population. The prevalence of AF increases to 8-10% in people older than 80 years.1-4 AF independently increases the risk of heart failure, stroke, dementia and mortality. There is also ...
... Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly encountered cardiac arrhythmia and affects 1% of the North American population. The prevalence of AF increases to 8-10% in people older than 80 years.1-4 AF independently increases the risk of heart failure, stroke, dementia and mortality. There is also ...
Exercise Testing: ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for
... guidelines will be considered current unless the task force revises or withdraws them from distribution. This report overlaps with several previously published ACC/AHA guidelines for patient treatment that potentially involve exercise testing, including guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular ev ...
... guidelines will be considered current unless the task force revises or withdraws them from distribution. This report overlaps with several previously published ACC/AHA guidelines for patient treatment that potentially involve exercise testing, including guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular ev ...
Cardiovascular medicines and primary health care
... and the supply of cardiovascular medicines by remoteness are also limited, although some evidence suggests that patients in remote areas are dispensed these medicines at a lower rate than in other regions (AIHW: Senes & Penm 2007). Given the importance of primary health care to the effective managem ...
... and the supply of cardiovascular medicines by remoteness are also limited, although some evidence suggests that patients in remote areas are dispensed these medicines at a lower rate than in other regions (AIHW: Senes & Penm 2007). Given the importance of primary health care to the effective managem ...
Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography in the Neonatal Intensive
... organs12 take place. If this process is interrupted, as in the case of premature birth, further development occurs under very different and often adverse circumstances. With delivery, there is an abrupt increase in systemic afterload, with removal of the low-resistance placenta and via peripheral va ...
... organs12 take place. If this process is interrupted, as in the case of premature birth, further development occurs under very different and often adverse circumstances. With delivery, there is an abrupt increase in systemic afterload, with removal of the low-resistance placenta and via peripheral va ...
Diastolic Heart Failure After Cardiac Surgery
... decreased cardiac output and hypotension (Pinsky , 2005 2007)]. Pericardial constriction or tamponade causes increased resistance to diastolic filling and physiologically is “acute severe extrinsic diastolic failure” whereby the heart becomes physically compressed by the pericardial effusion. Renal ...
... decreased cardiac output and hypotension (Pinsky , 2005 2007)]. Pericardial constriction or tamponade causes increased resistance to diastolic filling and physiologically is “acute severe extrinsic diastolic failure” whereby the heart becomes physically compressed by the pericardial effusion. Renal ...
Single left coronary artery with separate origins of proximal and
... in 15 and non-coronary sinus in 2 [6]. Interestingly, both this and the previous study showed that the anomalous coronary arteries were not at a higher risk for the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Also, all the above studies from across the globe, show a relatively constant incidence of cor ...
... in 15 and non-coronary sinus in 2 [6]. Interestingly, both this and the previous study showed that the anomalous coronary arteries were not at a higher risk for the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Also, all the above studies from across the globe, show a relatively constant incidence of cor ...
The Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
... episodes may last anywhere from a few minutes to several hours, and sometimes several days. Persistent or chronic atrial fibrillation is the type of atrial fibrillation that persists for more than 7 days once it comes on. In patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, the atrial fibrillation usual ...
... episodes may last anywhere from a few minutes to several hours, and sometimes several days. Persistent or chronic atrial fibrillation is the type of atrial fibrillation that persists for more than 7 days once it comes on. In patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, the atrial fibrillation usual ...
Impacts of aortic stenosis and hypertension on left ventricular
... It has been reported that 30–40% of patients with aortic stenosis are hypertensive. In such patients, the left ventricle faces a double (i.e. valvular and vascular) pressure overload, which results in subsequent wall volume hypertrophy. From a clinical standpoint, it is difficult to separate the resp ...
... It has been reported that 30–40% of patients with aortic stenosis are hypertensive. In such patients, the left ventricle faces a double (i.e. valvular and vascular) pressure overload, which results in subsequent wall volume hypertrophy. From a clinical standpoint, it is difficult to separate the resp ...
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.