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Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

... deferred in patients with white-coat hypertension confirmed by ABP monitoring (although they require monitoring and lifestyle management of BP). In patients with hypertension who also show an additional white-coat effect during clinic BP measurements, confirmation of actual BP profile by ABP monitor ...
SCI 30 UA CH 1.1 TEXT - Fort Saskatchewan High
SCI 30 UA CH 1.1 TEXT - Fort Saskatchewan High

... In the 1600s the physician William Harvey began to seriously question the teachings of Galen. Findings based on Harvey’s studies of human anatomy and dissections of human cadavers disagreed with Galen’s well-established theories. Harvey found that there were valves in both the heart and the veins th ...
Good Fat vs Bad article - Mercer Island School District
Good Fat vs Bad article - Mercer Island School District

... Fat is the target of much scorn, yet it serves up health benefits you can't live without. Fat supplies essential fatty acids (EFAs). "Your body is incapable of producing the EFAs, known as linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, so it must derive them from food," explains Wahida Karmally DrPH, RD, p ...
Myocardium 2013
Myocardium 2013

... has a direct toxic effect on the myocardium Chronic alcoholism may be associated with thiamine deficiency, introducing an element of beriberi heart disease Adriamycin and Other Drugs Some of the chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin (adriamycin) and daunorubicin are well recognized causes of toxic myo ...
systolic murmurs in 525 healthy young adults - Heart
systolic murmurs in 525 healthy young adults - Heart

... All murmurs must be the product alike of cardiac structure and function. They may derive from local or general disease, or as a variant of the normal. The conception of this innocent or, in Parkinson's phrase, " incidental" systolic murmur has been twice revolutionized within the last generation. In ...
Palpitations - Australian Doctor
Palpitations - Australian Doctor

... may give an indication as to the cardiac rhythms a patient is at risk of developing (table 2). Patients with a past history of heart disease are at increased risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias. Non-cardiac diseases may also predispose patients to cardiac arrhythmias, for example, atrial fibrilla ...
S1936878X15002648_mmc1 - JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging
S1936878X15002648_mmc1 - JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging

... In healthy volunteers, the mid-ventricular T1 map was segmented into 6 equal segments, using the anterior right ventricular-LV insertion point as the reference point [38]. T1 was measured in each of these segments, and regions-of-interest were planimetered distinct and separate from blood-pool and t ...
Congenital heart disease statistics
Congenital heart disease statistics

... complexity of the congenital defect. Survival rates in a number of simple conditions are close to 100%. ■ Treatment for congenital heart disease has evolved substantially over the last four decades, with the development of many new surgical and cardiac catheterisation techniques. ■ Around 3100 opera ...
ACE - Bpac
ACE - Bpac

... This is because ACE inhibitors appear to have beneficial effects in these conditions which are independent of lowered blood pressure. For people without the conditions outlined above the decision is more difficult. Current best practice continues to involve tailoring treatments for individuals. Many ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... hypertension. The association between physical activity and Hypertension is an established fact. A study done by Gang Hu on relationship of physical activity and BMI to the risk of hypertension proved the protective effect of physical activity was observed in both sexes regardless of the level of ob ...
Evaluation of myocardial ischemia in coronary artery disease with
Evaluation of myocardial ischemia in coronary artery disease with

... CMRP in detecting signiicant coronary artery stenosis at angiography and found high sensitivity, speciicity and accuracy. These results are similar to that of literature, with the exception of the studies by Klem et al. (10,11). Merkle et al. (13) stated that CMRP imaging had low positive predictive ...
S. Lee Crystal, Andrew D. Krahn, Yaariv Khaykin, Douglas Cameron
S. Lee Crystal, Andrew D. Krahn, Yaariv Khaykin, Douglas Cameron

... therapies, and inappropriate shocks were determined as rates per 100 person-years of follow-up with censoring at death. We used regression methods described by Harrell,12 in which potentially clinically important predictors of outcome with P<0.25 were considered for entry into a Fine and Gray compet ...
APPROACH TO AN INFANT WITH CYANOSIS –
APPROACH TO AN INFANT WITH CYANOSIS –

... Cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of skin and mucus membranes of tongue, lips, buccal mucosa and conjunctiva resulting from deoxygenation of capillary blood. The term cyanosis has origin from a Greek word ‘Kaunosis’ meaning blueness. Perhaps the first description of a cyanotic heart disease comes ...
50 Top Cardiovascular Hospitals Study
50 Top Cardiovascular Hospitals Study

... ability to seek out the best opportunities to deliver healthcare value to their communities. They do this by finding ways to take clinical, operational, and financial performance to the next level. In fact, our winners clearly show the extraordinary level of value that can be achieved when comprehen ...
- Keele Research Repository
- Keele Research Repository

... antiplatelet and anti-coagulant therapies during PCI increases the risk of haemorrhagic stroke in such patients. Previous large-scale studies (e.g. from the Euro Heart Survey Percutaneous Coronary Interventions survey7 and the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) from North America6 have stu ...
Coenzyme Q10 – A novel molecule Abstract Pragati Kapoor*, AK Kapoor**
Coenzyme Q10 – A novel molecule Abstract Pragati Kapoor*, AK Kapoor**

... Coenzyme Q10 is a fat soluble vitamin-like substance found throughout the body but especially in heart, liver, kidney, and brain1. Coenzyme Q10 is produced by the human body and is required for the proper functioning of many organs and chemical reactions in the body. It helps provide energy to the c ...
Provoked Coronary Spasm Predicts Adverse Outcome in
Provoked Coronary Spasm Predicts Adverse Outcome in

... cardiac events (death, acute coronary syndrome, or revascularization) occurred in 82 patients (47.1%) in the positive group and 18 patients (27.3%) in the negative group (p ⫽ 0.0055). The frequency of major adverse cardiac event–free survival was significantly lower in the positive group than in the ...
Effect of experimental coronary sinus ligation on myocardial
Effect of experimental coronary sinus ligation on myocardial

... been reported in the literature.1,8 Currently, little is known regarding the pathologic sequences of CS occlusion in the setting of normal hearts or in the presence of structural heart disease. With the increasing use of CS access in cardiovascular interventions, it is useful to predict the conseque ...
Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of aortic valve stenosis in adults
Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of aortic valve stenosis in adults

... is the third cause of cardiovascular diseases after arterial hypertension and coronary artery disease. According to the Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease, AS is the most common among single native left‑sided valve diseases (43.1%). It presents primarily as degenerative AS in adults of adva ...
Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction During Exercise in Normal
Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction During Exercise in Normal

... to the location and extent of coronary artery disease are not fully understood. We have recently developed and validated a new method for scintigraphic evaluation of RVEF using rapid multiple-gated equilibrium scintigraphy and multiple right ventricular regions of interest. The technique has been ap ...
Chapter 9
Chapter 9

... Page 10 ...
Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines on Perioperative
Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines on Perioperative

... surgery (eg, hip fracture, bowel obstruction), semiurgent surgery (eg, cancer with potential to metastasize), or elective surgery (eg, knee arthroplasty). £ If physical examination suggests there is an unknown severe obstructive intracardiac abnormality (eg, severe aortic stenosis, severe mitral ste ...
Epidemic of coronary heart disease and its treatment in Australia
Epidemic of coronary heart disease and its treatment in Australia

... 28,002 hospital admissions for AMI. Of these: − one in four have cardiac catheterisation; − at least one in eight have PCI; − one in twenty have CABG; ...
The diagnosis of silent myocardial ischemia. Motion
The diagnosis of silent myocardial ischemia. Motion

... sion imaging using morphing of the left ventricle is reconstructed with a matrix of 64×64. To determine whether the subject examined moved during the examination, a lm display and sonogram is used. Motion correction software with reacquisition is used to correct the image when necessary.In a prototy ...
Recurrent Ischemic Stroke Characteristics and Assessment of
Recurrent Ischemic Stroke Characteristics and Assessment of

... problem for the whole world. Although there are various studies including different outcomes related to the clinical and topographical characteristics of recurrent stroke in literature, there are only a limited number of studies that have evaluated the sufficiency of secondary prophylactic treatment ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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