Evolution of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation to Persistent or Permanent
... as shown in a study by Kato et al.8 Epidemiological studies and animal models suggest that AF begets AF since the fibrillating myocardium causes electrical remodelling that further perpetuates AF.9,10 Diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, myocardial infarction and ...
... as shown in a study by Kato et al.8 Epidemiological studies and animal models suggest that AF begets AF since the fibrillating myocardium causes electrical remodelling that further perpetuates AF.9,10 Diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, myocardial infarction and ...
New Formulae for Calculating Left Heart Pressure in Pulmonary
... Background: The incidence of pulmonary artery hypetension is on the increase in the United Kingdom. Primary pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare disease that is characterized by increased pulmonary-artery pressure in the absence of common secondary causes of pulmonary hypertension, such as viru ...
... Background: The incidence of pulmonary artery hypetension is on the increase in the United Kingdom. Primary pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare disease that is characterized by increased pulmonary-artery pressure in the absence of common secondary causes of pulmonary hypertension, such as viru ...
Detection and Imaging of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
... with invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Although CAV typically progresses gradually, it can also evolve rapidly and unpredictably (19,32–34). Rapid progression of CAV, especially in the first 5 years after transplantation, is a powerful predictor of the development of advanced disease, myocardial ...
... with invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Although CAV typically progresses gradually, it can also evolve rapidly and unpredictably (19,32–34). Rapid progression of CAV, especially in the first 5 years after transplantation, is a powerful predictor of the development of advanced disease, myocardial ...
Despite the many decades of intensive research, left ventricular
... al. 1998). It was suggested that prevention of cardiovascular remodeling in the LNAME model of hypertension was achieved by mechanisms different from the restoration of NO synthase activity (Bernátová et al. 1996, Bernátová 1999). On the other hand, spironolactone in this experiment improved NO synt ...
... al. 1998). It was suggested that prevention of cardiovascular remodeling in the LNAME model of hypertension was achieved by mechanisms different from the restoration of NO synthase activity (Bernátová et al. 1996, Bernátová 1999). On the other hand, spironolactone in this experiment improved NO synt ...
Slideset - European Society of Cardiology
... Definition of sudden cardiac death in athletes SCD = sudden and unexpected death occurring during, or shortly after, exercise (with varying time intervals up to 24 h used by different investigators), if witnessed by a bystander and/or happening in an individual who was otherwise known to be healthy ...
... Definition of sudden cardiac death in athletes SCD = sudden and unexpected death occurring during, or shortly after, exercise (with varying time intervals up to 24 h used by different investigators), if witnessed by a bystander and/or happening in an individual who was otherwise known to be healthy ...
HYPERTENSION AND ARRHYTHMIA
... atrial enlargement or valve disease) and blood tests (potassium levels and high-sensitivity TSH test). AF has many consequences. The most dangerous is arterial embolism, with stroke being four to five times more common in patients with AF (7, 8). Otherwise, AF can lead to cardiomyopathy and may exac ...
... atrial enlargement or valve disease) and blood tests (potassium levels and high-sensitivity TSH test). AF has many consequences. The most dangerous is arterial embolism, with stroke being four to five times more common in patients with AF (7, 8). Otherwise, AF can lead to cardiomyopathy and may exac ...
Assessment of Functional Capacity in Clinical and
... measure clinically, but it is less often available, requires secondary expertise to operate, and includes costs to purchase/maintain the required equipment. Reference equations for normal standards should be specific as to whether V̇O2 was measured or estimated because estimated values require sever ...
... measure clinically, but it is less often available, requires secondary expertise to operate, and includes costs to purchase/maintain the required equipment. Reference equations for normal standards should be specific as to whether V̇O2 was measured or estimated because estimated values require sever ...
Sudden death and hypoglycaemia
... of mortality in young people with diabetes, particularly from Scandinavia where epidemiological data are robust. Sartor and Dahlquist reported a study of 4919 childhoodonset type 1 diabetes cases, which were assessed for 13.5 years.9 Their mortality rate was three times higher than in a matched, non ...
... of mortality in young people with diabetes, particularly from Scandinavia where epidemiological data are robust. Sartor and Dahlquist reported a study of 4919 childhoodonset type 1 diabetes cases, which were assessed for 13.5 years.9 Their mortality rate was three times higher than in a matched, non ...
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia and Congenital Heart
... 3Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland 4National Children’s Research Centre, Dublin Ireland ...
... 3Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland 4National Children’s Research Centre, Dublin Ireland ...
Case Report Right Coronary Artery Originated from the Left Anterior
... Aneurysms of the pulmonary trunk are rare lesions. These aneurysms are usually associated with cardiac malformations resulting in pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary stenosis [3]. Other causes can be idiopathic or associated with several processes including infections, traumatisms, or diseases affe ...
... Aneurysms of the pulmonary trunk are rare lesions. These aneurysms are usually associated with cardiac malformations resulting in pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary stenosis [3]. Other causes can be idiopathic or associated with several processes including infections, traumatisms, or diseases affe ...
PDF - Circulation
... artery disease, the major coronary arteries were divided into proximal, middle and distal regions. For the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), the region from the origin to the take-off of the first septal perforator was designated proximal, from the first septal perforator to the take-o ...
... artery disease, the major coronary arteries were divided into proximal, middle and distal regions. For the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), the region from the origin to the take-off of the first septal perforator was designated proximal, from the first septal perforator to the take-o ...
ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/SCAI/SCCT/STS 2017 Appropriate Use
... encountered in practice, it would be impossible to include ...
... encountered in practice, it would be impossible to include ...
STS 2017 Appropriate Use Criteria for Coronary Revascularization
... encountered in practice, it would be impossible to include ...
... encountered in practice, it would be impossible to include ...
Association of Left Ventricular Dilation at Listing for Heart Transplant
... identified by chart review that was used to characterize the national experience with pediatric cardiomyopathy.14 Exclusion criteria included the presence of congenital heart defects, endocrine disorders, or immunologic diseases known to cause heart muscle disease, treatment with doxorubicin, and in ...
... identified by chart review that was used to characterize the national experience with pediatric cardiomyopathy.14 Exclusion criteria included the presence of congenital heart defects, endocrine disorders, or immunologic diseases known to cause heart muscle disease, treatment with doxorubicin, and in ...
Sudden cardiac death: role of heart rate
... variability in predicting arrhythmic deaths [9,17,19,22– 29]. Information obtained by this type of studies may have practical importance, but the study designs are also confounded by some biases, which prevent generalisation of the results. A major limitation is the problem of defining the occurrenc ...
... variability in predicting arrhythmic deaths [9,17,19,22– 29]. Information obtained by this type of studies may have practical importance, but the study designs are also confounded by some biases, which prevent generalisation of the results. A major limitation is the problem of defining the occurrenc ...
Heterotaxy Syndrome
... Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Indicate whether the patient has a history of Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that results from prenatal alcohol exposure. FAS is a group of problems that can include mental retardation, birth defects, abnormal facial features, growth ...
... Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Indicate whether the patient has a history of Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that results from prenatal alcohol exposure. FAS is a group of problems that can include mental retardation, birth defects, abnormal facial features, growth ...
Pre-participation screening in the young competitive athlete
... was 36.0%, whereas it was only 7.4% for the ECG.5 Although a personal symptom and family history questionnaire is certainly a necessary part of any pro posed screening protocol, the effec tiveness of a questionnaire used on its own must be questioned given that sudden death is the first clinical m ...
... was 36.0%, whereas it was only 7.4% for the ECG.5 Although a personal symptom and family history questionnaire is certainly a necessary part of any pro posed screening protocol, the effec tiveness of a questionnaire used on its own must be questioned given that sudden death is the first clinical m ...
Coronary artery-left ventricular microfistulae associated with apical
... Thebesian venous system; or there can be a common etiologic factor, such as a genetic mutation resulting in both anomalies. Both coronary artery fistulae and AHC can cause angina pectoris and their association may aggravate the clinical condition. Increased oxygen demand due to myocardial hypertroph ...
... Thebesian venous system; or there can be a common etiologic factor, such as a genetic mutation resulting in both anomalies. Both coronary artery fistulae and AHC can cause angina pectoris and their association may aggravate the clinical condition. Increased oxygen demand due to myocardial hypertroph ...
Myocardial Protective Effect of Lidocaine during Experimental Off
... Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) has recently gained popularity. During OPCABG, patients remain vulnerable to ischemic-reperfusion injury due to a temporary coronary occlusion without any active cardioprotection. Some strategies such as ischemic preconditioning (IP) and an intracoro ...
... Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) has recently gained popularity. During OPCABG, patients remain vulnerable to ischemic-reperfusion injury due to a temporary coronary occlusion without any active cardioprotection. Some strategies such as ischemic preconditioning (IP) and an intracoro ...
PDF - Cardiovascular Ultrasound
... weeks; trimester 2, 22–28 weeks; trimester 3, 36–40 weeks and 6–9 weeks after delivery. Enrolled criteria of healthy pregnant women was that they were without medical diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, renal disease etc., and without obstetrical complications, such as gestational diabetes m ...
... weeks; trimester 2, 22–28 weeks; trimester 3, 36–40 weeks and 6–9 weeks after delivery. Enrolled criteria of healthy pregnant women was that they were without medical diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, renal disease etc., and without obstetrical complications, such as gestational diabetes m ...
Signs and symptoms of rheumatic fever
... Once discharged from hospital they need to receive injections of penicillin every 21-28 days for at least 10 years (or until they are 21 years, whichever is longer) to prevent a recurrence of ARF and subsequent heart damage. ...
... Once discharged from hospital they need to receive injections of penicillin every 21-28 days for at least 10 years (or until they are 21 years, whichever is longer) to prevent a recurrence of ARF and subsequent heart damage. ...
Helping to Prevent Rheumatic Fever
... Once discharged from hospital they need to receive injections of penicillin every 21-28 days for at least 10 years (or until they are 21 years, whichever is longer) to prevent a recurrence of ARF and subsequent heart damage. ...
... Once discharged from hospital they need to receive injections of penicillin every 21-28 days for at least 10 years (or until they are 21 years, whichever is longer) to prevent a recurrence of ARF and subsequent heart damage. ...
Body height and arterial pressure in seated and supine young males
... therefore, possible that the hydrostatic pressure gradient from the heart to the head in upright subjects is a determinant of arterial pressure at heart level. Tall individuals might, therefore, be endowed with a higher arterial pressure than short individuals through inhibition of the carotid baror ...
... therefore, possible that the hydrostatic pressure gradient from the heart to the head in upright subjects is a determinant of arterial pressure at heart level. Tall individuals might, therefore, be endowed with a higher arterial pressure than short individuals through inhibition of the carotid baror ...
Increased Central Venous Pressure Is Associated With Impaired
... diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure (1–7). The pathophysiology is multifactorial and associated with decreased renal perfusion, atherosclerosis and inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and neurohormonal activation (8 –10). We recently showed that in patients with car ...
... diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure (1–7). The pathophysiology is multifactorial and associated with decreased renal perfusion, atherosclerosis and inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and neurohormonal activation (8 –10). We recently showed that in patients with car ...
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.