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Chest Pain
Chest Pain

... diagnosis and treatment of life threatening causes of chest pain. ...
Coding Focus Vol 4, Issue 3: Congestive Heart Failure
Coding Focus Vol 4, Issue 3: Congestive Heart Failure

... a previous heart attack and high blood pressure can also increase the risk. Certain behaviors may also be contributing factors, such as smoking tobacco, eating a diet high in cholesterol, fat and sodium, not getting enough exercise and being obese. While heart failure is considered to be a long-term ...
Chapter 9 The Circulatory System
Chapter 9 The Circulatory System

... a. Slight reduction in size b. General decrease in size and number of myocardial cells, with some loss in strength c. ...
23. HIV and Cardiac Diseases
23. HIV and Cardiac Diseases

... Before effective antiretroviral drugs were available, pericardial effusion was the most frequent cardiac manifestation. In clinical trials, the incidence of pericardial effusions was recognized to be as high as 11 % per year (Heidenreich 1995). However, the majority of HIV-associated pericardial man ...
Only a fraction of patients with ischaemic diseases or diabetes are
Only a fraction of patients with ischaemic diseases or diabetes are

... < 2.5 mmol/l (< 100 mg/dl) with an option of < 2 mmol/l (< 80 mg/dl) if feasible, and plasma triglycerides < 1.7 mmol/l (< 150 mg/dl) [1, 2]. The most recent guidelines even recommend that for patients with a very high cardiovascular risk such as those with cardiovascular disease or diabetes, the tr ...
Circulation Research A Journal of the American Heart Association
Circulation Research A Journal of the American Heart Association

... of their degree of participation in normal physiology and in disease has but begun. But there seems to be ample evidence that they do participate, and they must surely work in harmony through steady-state equilibria. Some of the regulatory mechanisms and procedures that do influence cardiovascular r ...
Heart Disease - Redwood Veterinary Hospital, Vallejo CA
Heart Disease - Redwood Veterinary Hospital, Vallejo CA

... beating in a regular rhythm. While this model of the mammalian heart may be a bit oversimplified it serves a good purpose for our discussion of common heart problems in pets. I like this model particularly because, with a few exceptions, most heart diseases of pets can be grouped into 3 categories: ...
CHINESE HERBAL TEA / CARDIO HERBAL TEA
CHINESE HERBAL TEA / CARDIO HERBAL TEA

... Tianshi Chinese Herbal Tea is formulated to increase high-density lipoproteins (HDL’s), allowing these so called cardiovascular cleaners, to remove and clean rubbish from the vessels. The higher your HDL (good cholesterol) levels are, the lower your risk of cardiovascular diseases. It can assist the ...
Referral Guidelines
Referral Guidelines

... Referral to Vascular Clinic, in male if greater than 3.5 cm and female if greater than 2.5 cm, as routine referrals – Category 4. Surveillance in ...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guiding Pacemaker
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guiding Pacemaker

... sparing of the epiphyses (Figure 1A).2 Over the last 5 years the patient has been stable through daily oral administration of 5 mg prednisolone. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed to guide placement of the pacemaker electrodes and visualize the overall and local extent of tumor due to ...
INTRO TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM UNIT 1
INTRO TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM UNIT 1

... • Diagnosing heart disease by history: – “Doctor, I get a squeezing discomfort in the center of my chest every time I carry the laundry back up from the basement.” ...
Alcohol and Cardiovascular Health1
Alcohol and Cardiovascular Health1

... In Belgium, the cobalt concentrations were less and the cardiac manifestations less severe, with more of the usual findings of chronic cobalt use (polycythemia and goiter). However, even in Quebec, where cobalt doses were greatest, 12 liters of contaminated beer provided only about 8 mg of cobalt, l ...
Cardiovascular System Part 2 - Monona Grove School District
Cardiovascular System Part 2 - Monona Grove School District

...  Ventricle contraction ...
Dr. M. Wilhelm
Dr. M. Wilhelm

... What can the Sports Therapist learn from the Sports Cardiologist? Matthias Wilhelm University Clinic for Cardiology Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation & Sports Cardiology ...
ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: THE ELEPHANT IN THE
ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: THE ELEPHANT IN THE

... patient with a single ventricle status post Fontan may be systemic venous congestion ...
HEART DISEASE IN DOGS AND CATS
HEART DISEASE IN DOGS AND CATS

... • Drugs to remove retained fluid • A vet may prescribe aspirin to reduce the chance of blood clot formation. However even low levels of aspirin can be dangerous to cats as it lasts much longer in the body. You must not give aspirin without specific veterinary advice. • Treating any underlying con ...
Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary Heart Disease

... death in the U.S. More than 12 million persons have CHD and sequelae; 500,000 deaths/yr Gradual process involving the 3 major coronary arteries and their branches: focal involvement. Gradual reduction of arterial lumen resulting in ischemia due to reduced O2/blood supply. Abrupt arterial occlusion/ ...
Resting heart rate as a tool for risk stratification in primary
Resting heart rate as a tool for risk stratification in primary

... shown in Table 6, the additional measurement of heart rate had no additional effect on risk stratification compared to a model based only on established cardiovascular risk factors, including age, gender, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking sta ...
Chapter 20
Chapter 20

... -Trained athletes have bigger hearts and larger stroke volumes -can maintain sufficient blood flow with lower heart rate ▫Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease -Regular exercise, balanced diet, no smoking has many benefits: *lower total blood cholesterol *reduces stress *lowers blood pressure *slows t ...
cyanotic congenital heart diseases
cyanotic congenital heart diseases

... physical examination even by a cardiologist is estimated at ...
objectives from medical physiology
objectives from medical physiology

... 22. List the anatomical components of the arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflexes 23. Explain the sequence of events in the baroreceptor reflex that occur after an increase or decrease in arterial blood pressure. Include receptor response, afferent nerve activity, CNS integration, efferen ...
Successful Treatment of Idiopathic Dilated
Successful Treatment of Idiopathic Dilated

... There are few published data regarding the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in chimpanzees. It is possible cardiac disease in older chimpanzees will become more apparent as chimpanzees live to older ages in captivity and the research environment (5). Early recognition and correct diagnosis of ca ...
Sudden Death in the Young Athlete
Sudden Death in the Young Athlete

... Family history of premature HCMHCM-related death in (or multiple) relatives ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... and multiple(>200) red lesions over genitals, lower back, lateral aspect of buttocks since 15 years. The lesions first appeared in early childhood and had increased in number and size since then to present size. The lesions were asymptomatic. There were no features suggestive of gastrointestinal, ca ...
Association between depression and diabetes in the
Association between depression and diabetes in the

... and cardiovascular mortality in men. Although HAD-D score was significantly associated with a number of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the association between HAD-D and CVD was still apparent after adjustment for these suggesting that the relationship between depressive symptoms and CVD is ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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