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Maternal complication of twin gestation
Maternal complication of twin gestation

... Cardiac Ventricular wall muscle mass increases End-diastolic volume increases No increase in end systolic volume or end diastolic pressure Results in increased cardiac compliance: physiologically dilated heart • Myocardial contractility increases, thus no change in cardiac EEF ...
Unit D: Transport Quarter 2
Unit D: Transport Quarter 2

... complete inquiry based worksheets as they watch crash course videos, Blood typing and inheritance patterns- students will complete a worksheet using punnett squares to identify blood types. ...
Important Echocardiographic Features of Takotsubo or Stress
Important Echocardiographic Features of Takotsubo or Stress

... We read with interest the article by Ho et al. (1) in the recent edition of iJACC. Computed tomography (CT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) offers a new, noninvasive functional assessment of myocardial ischemia. When combined with CT coronary angiography, it may offer the strong negative predicti ...
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

... blood to the periphery (from left heart), or to the lungs (from the right heart) a) forward failure of left heart:- muscle weakness, fatigue, ...
this PDF file - Journal of Student Affairs in Africa
this PDF file - Journal of Student Affairs in Africa

... Peri-procedural myocardial infarction (PMI) is a recognised complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and well documented in developed countries. There is a paucity of data from developing regions, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, on the prevalence of PMI despite an increasing incide ...
Backgrounder Pulmonary Hypertension
Backgrounder Pulmonary Hypertension

... PH encompasses multiple disease subtypes, but currently existing treatments are indicated solely for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which accounts for only a small portion of overall PH patients. 6 Fortunately, the management of PAH has evolved significantly over the past decade. 7 For examp ...
How the heart works
How the heart works

... The most common treatments for people with acute coronary syndrome (heart attack or unstable angina) are thrombolysis or a coronary angioplasty with stents. Thrombolysis helps to dissolve the clot that is blocking the artery, and helps to restore the blood supply to the heart muscle. Ideally the i ...
Congestive heart failure in rabbits
Congestive heart failure in rabbits

... of two large veins returning blood from distant parts of the body to the right side of the heart) and the coronary sinus (veins that receive blood from the heart itself) transport the blood into the right auricle. - The right and left pulmonary veins, which ...
What are the infant`s problems
What are the infant`s problems

... * cervical adenopathy, >=1.5cm, usually unilateral lymphadenopathy illness not explained by other known disease process ...
Safety lessons learned from aviation
Safety lessons learned from aviation

... Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy Congenital heart disease, especially coronary artery anomalies Valvular heart disease Cardiac pacemaker and conducting system disease ...
Simulation of Human Cardiovascular System - ethesis
Simulation of Human Cardiovascular System - ethesis

... artery just below the wrist. The diagnosis is made by inferring the qualitative features of the pressure pulses under these three fingers. Though efficient, the diagnosis can only be done by highly experienced practitioners who are few in number. A solution to this problem would be to develop a meas ...
Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in EDITORIAL Fre
Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in EDITORIAL Fre

... abnormalities are rare or have insufficient statistical power to demonstrate the role played by sleep-related respiratory diseases in the field. Controlled trials have demonstrated that OSA causes hypertension, and prospective epidemiological studies have indicated that OSA might be an independent r ...
Dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis: coronary artery bypass grafting
Dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis: coronary artery bypass grafting

... dypyrimadole stress test which showed large size infarct of moderate intensity involving the apex, septum and inferior wall. Medium sized inducible ischaemia of moderate intensity was noted over the apical to mid anterior wall. The stress ECG was negative for myocardial ischaemia. Cardiac catheteriz ...
"Cough, goddamn it!": A fearful mishap leads to the revolutionary
"Cough, goddamn it!": A fearful mishap leads to the revolutionary

... diagnosed with a completely blocked right coronary artery. 8 Eight days later, Sones used his coronary arteriography techniques to take motion pictures of the rerouted blood flow in the woman’s heart. This event revolutionized the surgical treatment of coronary artery disease. Within three years, Fa ...
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Patients
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Patients

... disease or patients with diabetes mellitus who were 55 years or older and who had at least 1 additional risk factor. In this trial, however, 80% of the population enrolled had documented CAD. The last trial13 enrolled patients who had CAD (68% of the trial population), intermittent claudication, or ...
Cardiopulmonary System
Cardiopulmonary System

... treadmill or similarly elevates measures electrical activity, heart function, and takes ECG, usually for 24 hours. Can be blood pressure, and other done at home. readings while heart is stressed. • Percutaneous transluminal • Thrombolytic Therapy: Clotcoronary angioplasty: A busting drugs are given ...
Cardiopulmonary System
Cardiopulmonary System

... treadmill or similarly elevates measures electrical activity, heart function, and takes ECG, usually for 24 hours. Can be blood pressure, and other done at home. readings while heart is stressed. • Percutaneous transluminal • Thrombolytic Therapy: Clotcoronary angioplasty: A busting drugs are given ...
Exercise Management
Exercise Management

... chaotic, rapid, and irregular atrial depolarizations. It is one of the most common arrhythmias encountered clinically, and it occurs more frequently with advancing age. • It most likely occurs by multiple reentrant circuits within the atria. •The irregular ventricular response can impair hemodynamic ...
Ischemic heart disease
Ischemic heart disease

...  Diabetics are ideal candidates for ITA use due to the lower rates of infection. F, bilateral ITA mobilization is associated with 14x greater risk of sternal infections in diabetics.  The most commonly used conduit is the greater saphenous vein. T  Vein graft patency rates are equivalent to arter ...
Posters - Safety Pharmacology Society
Posters - Safety Pharmacology Society

... Chris P. Doe, E. Ballini, Y. Cui, G. Stankus, S. Graham, B. Heath, and N. McMahon ...
Spatial QRS-T angle predicts cardiac death in a
Spatial QRS-T angle predicts cardiac death in a

... angle in predicting cardiovascular mortality in a large, general hospital-based population. Our findings support the value of repolarization measures13–15 as determined by the spatial QRS-T angle as a tool for risk stratification. Although considered a marker of pathology from the early days of ECG, ...
Heart Procedures Glossary
Heart Procedures Glossary

... create a detour or "bypass" around the blocked part the artery. The surgery is commonly called Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, or CABG(pronounced "cabbage"). In this surgery, an artery from the chest wall and/or veins from the lower leg are used to create the bypass. Dobutamine Stress Echocardiogra ...
Persistent angina after myocardial revascularization: a case report
Persistent angina after myocardial revascularization: a case report

... trials have shown that patients may remain symptomatic for angina and in need of antianginal agents after coronary revascularization [1–5]. This observation has been confirmed in recent trials, including trials with drug eluting stents [3–5]. A growing body of evidence suggests that persistent angin ...
A Validated Risk Score for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With
A Validated Risk Score for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With

... a risk score for in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with heart failure using American Heart Association Get With the Guidelines–Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) program data. Methods and Results—A cohort of 39 783 patients admitted January 1, 2005, to June 26, 2007, to 198 hospitals participating ...
Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions
Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions

... (PCI) were considered high risk. The initial US experience published by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Registry reported procedural success to be <60% and the need for emergent coronary bypass surgery occurring 6% of the time.1 It was mandatory to have a cardiothoracic surgeon immedia ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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