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second-degree_heart_block_(mobitz_ii)
second-degree_heart_block_(mobitz_ii)

... a preanesthetic medication, as an antidote, and to treat some forms of slow heart rate (bradycardia); glycopyrrolate is a drug with similar effects and uses as atropine • Long-term (chronic) anticholinergic therapy (drugs such as propantheline or hyoscyamine)—indicated for pets having clinical signs ...
Second-Degree Heart Block
Second-Degree Heart Block

... a preanesthetic medication, as an antidote, and to treat some forms of slow heart rate (bradycardia); glycopyrrolate is a drug with similar effects and uses as atropine • Long-term (chronic) anticholinergic therapy (drugs such as propantheline or hyoscyamine)—indicated for pets having clinical signs ...
Strengthen the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic
Strengthen the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic

... remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of northern and central Australia remain some of the highest in the world.1 As these conditions were practically eradicated in Australia, except in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, many health professionals lack the experienc ...
Second-Degree Heart Block (Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block
Second-Degree Heart Block (Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block

... a preanesthetic medication, as an antidote, and to treat some forms of slow heart rate (bradycardia); glycopyrrolate is a drug with similar effects and uses as atropine • Long-term (chronic) anticholinergic therapy (drugs such as propantheline or hyoscyamine)—indicated for pets having clinical signs ...
Sudden Cardiac Death Omar M Lattouf MD PHD FACC FACS Heval
Sudden Cardiac Death Omar M Lattouf MD PHD FACC FACS Heval

... problem. With every minute without active Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) the risk of death increase by 7-10%. Sudden Cardiac Deaths has received high visibility in the past, particularly when happened to athletes. In athletes, the incidence of SCD, in a study performed in ...
Learning outcomes
Learning outcomes

... Tutors – use a volunteer and skeleton – include identifying the auscultation areas including demo palpating the apex beat and describing the position – line and space. ...
Heart AnatPhys
Heart AnatPhys

... Homeostatic Imbalances  Angina pectoris • Thoracic pain caused by a fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to the myocardium • Cells are weakened • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is normal in patients who experience only angina. ...
New Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Reference Ranges for Right
New Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Reference Ranges for Right

... greater in women, RV volumes were higher in males, and RV volumes increased with body size while there were smaller RV volumes in older subjects. Indexation of values according to body surface area adjusted appropriately for body size and obesity and out-performed indexation by height only, though h ...
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation

... • The most common arrhythmia is an extrasystole • A few people will suffer from recurrent arrhythmias but it is difficult to obtain any precise figures about prevalence as many arrhythmias are asymptomatic and go unreported • The range of arrhythmias varies from innocent extrasystoles to immediate l ...
Heart failure and anaesthesia
Heart failure and anaesthesia

... Patients undergoing minor peripheral procedures should be offered local or regional anaesthesia where possible. For more major surgery there is no evidence of the benefits of general versus regional anaesthesia. However, whichever technique is used, having understood the pathophysiology of cardiac f ...
Approach to Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy
Approach to Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy

... Pulmonary stenosis Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (may even benefit from increased preload) ...
What Happens to the Human Heart in Space?
What Happens to the Human Heart in Space?

... Speculative answers can be given to some of these questions, but others needed to be investigated experimentally. Cardiovascular variability can be expected during parabolic flights as the ANS can control the cardiovascular system within a few heart beats. However, since different phases of the para ...
spectral analysis of heart rate variability in patients with
spectral analysis of heart rate variability in patients with

... Objective: To carryout frequency domain analysis ofheart rate variability in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: Forty coronary artery disease patients with coronary artery stenosis greater than 70% of at least one vessel lumen were included. Patients with diabetes mellitus, atrial fibri ...
Low risk - The Cardiology Report
Low risk - The Cardiology Report

... Dabigatran’s actions are reversible and more predictable than those of warfarin.26,27 ...
sample
sample

... assessing and treating sleep disorders Sleepcare Diagnostics helps individuals with sleep disorders achieve more restful sleep and improved quality of life. Assessment: Small sensors are attached to your body to measure your sleep, breathing, heart rate and oxygen level. While you sleep on a comfort ...
High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training in a Patient with Stable
High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training in a Patient with Stable

... both exercise tests seem to be crucial triggering factors.11,12 This may explain why successive exercise phases at high intensities interspersed with short rest phases, as in HIT, may optimally induce an adaptation to myocardial ischemia. The warm-up angina phenomenon remains poorly understood, but ...
Congenital Heart Disease
Congenital Heart Disease

... period and so antenatal screening has become established practice in many centres [3]. In tertiary centres dealing with the diagnosis and management of fetal cardiac anomalies a high degree of diagnostic accuracy is possible, and most (but not all) major forms of CHD can be detected antenatally [3]. ...
Valvular Heart Disease
Valvular Heart Disease

... indicates more severe disease. ...
AtriAl FibrillAtion - Life Line Screening
AtriAl FibrillAtion - Life Line Screening

... (how fast it beats) and the heart rhythm (how regularly it beats). Medication can help control both the rate and rhythm of the heart. Sometimes people also need treatment called cardioversion to return their heart to its normal rhythm. Many people with AF need treatment called anticoagulation to red ...
Clinical Medicine Reviews in Vascular Health Efficacy and Safety of
Clinical Medicine Reviews in Vascular Health Efficacy and Safety of

... alone increase the likelihood of developing CHD, cooccurrence of both increases this risk exponentially. Current guidelines agree that the aim of treatment should not only be to control a single risk factor, but also to reduce overall cardiovascular risk through a multifactorial intervention, treati ...
Heart Rate Variability and Atrial Fibrillation
Heart Rate Variability and Atrial Fibrillation

... heart rate variability (SDNN) was associated with an increased risk of angina, heart attack, and other cardiac events[3]. Other researchers have found correlations between low SDNN and the risk of neuropathy in diabetics and between low SDNN and depression[2,4]. There is also a very significant asso ...
Contemporary outcome trends in the elderly undergoing
Contemporary outcome trends in the elderly undergoing

... independently associated with procedural mortality within the octogenarian cohort. Variables were entered into the model on the basis of a univariate association with procedural mortality (p ⬍ 0.05), their clinical relevance, or both. Continuous variables were examined for a linear fit within the lo ...
In this issue - International Academy of Cardiovascular Sciences
In this issue - International Academy of Cardiovascular Sciences

... the other hand it will serve as a small but very needful contribution to cover the necessary expenses of individual sections. Membership fee will cover the official membership diploma, reduced registration fee, reduced fee for publication in the official journals of IACS and the possibility to sugge ...
Summer 2015, Volume XXV, No. 2
Summer 2015, Volume XXV, No. 2

... The Expanding TAVR Patient Pool TAVR was developed as an option for extreme-risk, inoperable patients. Five-year results of the PARTNER 1B trial, which compared TAVR with medical treatment in this population, were presented at this year’s annual scientific session of the American College of Cardiolo ...
Dananjai J. Menzies, MD, FACC, FSCAI
Dananjai J. Menzies, MD, FACC, FSCAI

... Menzies D, Lazar J. Swimming and the heart. Your Patient and Fitness, vol. 13, No.1 1999 Menzies D, Lazar J. Kussmaul's sign: An overlooked clue to the diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism. Resident and Staff Physician, vol.46, no.4, 2000 Menzies D, Lazar J. Cardiovascular manifestations of syphi ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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