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... nutrients to the myocardium of the heart, flows through the right and left coronary arteries • Blockage of blood flow through the coronary arteries can cause myocardial infarction (heart attack) ...
Clinical Spectrum of Acute or New
Clinical Spectrum of Acute or New

... AF; the prevalence of paroxysmal AF may be higher. As in general population, AF in CAD patients was again associated with age greater than 60, male sex, mitral regurgitation, and heart failure; there was no association between AF and the number of coronary arteries involved. CASS and other studies a ...
Emergency coronary stenting of unprotected critical left main
Emergency coronary stenting of unprotected critical left main

... diagnosis of cardiogenic shock secondary to presumed extensive left coronary artery territory infarct and pump failure. She arrived moribund, peripherally shut down, and oliguric, despite receiving large doses of intravenous diuretics and renal dose inotropes in the interim period. She was taken dir ...
Both in  - Society for Heart Attack Prevention and
Both in - Society for Heart Attack Prevention and

... and the vulnerability to acute events varies greatly, probably because of genetic variability in an individual’s susceptibility to atherosclerosis and propensity to arterial thrombosis (“vulnerable blood”) and ventricular arrhythmias (“vulnerable myocardium”). Comparative studies of prospective tria ...
Arrhythmias - Ipswich-Year2-Med-PBL-Gp-2
Arrhythmias - Ipswich-Year2-Med-PBL-Gp-2

... • A conduction delay within the AV node causing increasingly lengthened PR intervals until the node cannot transmit the signal to the ventricles (the Wenkebach phenominum) • Aetiology – Structural heart disease – Drugs: digoxin, Na, beta and Ca channel blockers, tricyclic ...
Physiologic risk assessment in stable ischemic heart disease
Physiologic risk assessment in stable ischemic heart disease

... tests, 12-lead electrocardiogram, two-dimensional echocardiography, stress/rest gated SPECT, and coronary angiography. During follow-up (median, 37 months), 24 patients died from cardiac causes and 19 had a nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). Several variables were independent predictors of event-f ...
HbA1c: A Marker for Severity of Acute Myocardial Infarction
HbA1c: A Marker for Severity of Acute Myocardial Infarction

... Gosavi S, Karande S, Raut K. HbA1c: A Marker for Severity of Acute Myocardial Infarction. IAIM, 2016; 3(5): 89-93. ...
Predicting the Likelihood of Heart Failure with a Multi Level Risk
Predicting the Likelihood of Heart Failure with a Multi Level Risk

... 30% reduction in the proportion of obese people would prevent around 44,000 cases of heart failure each year in the USA [2]. Being obese has been shown to double the risk of heart failure, while smoking increases heart failure by about 50%. Hence, these two risk factors are major contributors to the ...
Risk stratification after myocardial infarction: a
Risk stratification after myocardial infarction: a

... disease and stroke,11 it is not yet known to our knowledge if it is correlated with arrhythmias. The NC is defined as the relationship between the diameter changes (input) and R–R interval changes (output). The NC is not influenced by absolute diameter changes and vascular wall stiffness, if assessed ...
Percutaneous Therapeutic Interventions for the Mitral Valve
Percutaneous Therapeutic Interventions for the Mitral Valve

... transcatheter approach, a transseptal puncture is performed allowing access from the femoral vein to the left atrium. From this position, using transesophageal guidance, MCS is delivered through the catheter to pin the anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets together in one spot. This technique ...
review - American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry
review - American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry

... The second group is called transient or labile hypertension for which no underlying disease can be found. This group has received considerable attention recently because chronic adult hypertension is thought to have its origin in childhood. Additionally, there appears to be some evidence to suggest ...
Chapter 8 Cardiovascular System Diseases and Disorders
Chapter 8 Cardiovascular System Diseases and Disorders

... – Result of long-term hypertension – Causes are disease or disorder causing chronic elevation in blood pressure – Treatment: treating cause of hypertension – Can only be controlled, not cured ...
Rapid Heart Rate - Milliken Animal Clinic
Rapid Heart Rate - Milliken Animal Clinic

... condition in which the heart cannot pump an adequate volume of blood to meet the body's needs • Rapid, usually regular heart rate • May have evidence of poor circulation—pale gums and moist tissues of the body (known as “mucous membranes”); the pink color of the gums is slow to return when the gums ...
Severity of coarctation and location of aneurysm clearly
Severity of coarctation and location of aneurysm clearly

... is a hospital noted for its treatment of cardiac, thoracic and vascular disease, artificial heart implantations, and transplantations of the heart and lungs. At DHZB, about 3,500 open heart surgeries are performed annually and more than 1,000 other heart and blood vessel operations are carried out. ...
rapid_heart_rate
rapid_heart_rate

... condition in which the heart cannot pump an adequate volume of blood to meet the body's needs • Rapid, usually regular heart rate • May have evidence of poor circulation—pale gums and moist tissues of the body (known as “mucous membranes”); the pink color of the gums is slow to return when the gums ...
Relationship between Body Mass Index and Minerals in Male
Relationship between Body Mass Index and Minerals in Male

... versely related to BMI, whereas Cu, K and Na are positively related to BMI. Their findings are almost coincident with those of our study, although in our study with male adults no significant correlation was observed between BMI and Fe or Cu. In the toxic metals measured, mercury exhibited a high -s ...
8228 PM-783-HCG
8228 PM-783-HCG

... Compact - Cordless - Simple operation Fast - Discrete ...
Consensus Statement on the Utilisation of Cardiac CT
Consensus Statement on the Utilisation of Cardiac CT

... novel, in that it allows visualisation of the coronary artery lumen non-invasively. Although the gold standard for diagnosing obstructive coronary disease is still invasive coronary angiography, cardiac CT, in certain clinical situations may be an acceptable alternative [2 - 5]. Coronary calcium, a ...
chapter 5 sudden and unexpected death
chapter 5 sudden and unexpected death

... complete occlusion occurs in a coronary artery, and if the collateral circulation is not sufficient to maintain the muscle. If 70% or more of the lumen of a major branch is blocked, an infarct commonly develops. The effect of a large infarct is either to reduce cardiac function because of pump failu ...
CARDIOMYOPATHY STUDY GUIDE
CARDIOMYOPATHY STUDY GUIDE

... should. This would be a secondary restrictive CM. Long term abuse of alcohol leads directly to toxic damage of the myocardium, causing the heart to develop a secondary dilated CM. Likewise certain drugs such as adriamycin can also directly damage the myocardium, also leading to a dilated CM. Damage ...
Cardiac Rehabilitation (Phase II Outpatient)
Cardiac Rehabilitation (Phase II Outpatient)

... typically initiated within one to three weeks after hospital discharge and generally administered within the six months following discharge from the hospital (Wenger, et al., 1995). It is recommended that patients referred to CR undergo a symptom-limited exercise tolerance/stress test before enterin ...
Heart disease and depression: Don`t ignore the relationship
Heart disease and depression: Don`t ignore the relationship

... patients develop minor depression. Depression increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. It is also associated with higher rates of cardiac death and all-cause mortality. Depression may contribute to cardiac disease through an overactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, plat ...
Cardiac involvement in adult and juvenile idiopathic
Cardiac involvement in adult and juvenile idiopathic

... patients after a median of 17 years from disease onset (table 2)16 in addition to impaired systolic function (low long axis strain assessed by echocardiography) compared to age-matched and sex-matched controls (table 2).17 Whether systolic and diastolic heart failure represent the two extremes on a ...
Cardiomyopathy - Lock Haven University
Cardiomyopathy - Lock Haven University

... Slow controlled emptying from increased SVR ...
l15-coronary_circula..
l15-coronary_circula..

... and function of the blood vessels. Atherosclerotic processes cause an abnormal deposition of lipids in the vessel wall, leukocyte infiltration and vascular inflammation, plaque formation and thickening of the vessel wall. These changes lead to a narrowing of the lumen (i.e., stenosis), which restric ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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