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Full Text PDF - J
Full Text PDF - J

... ST-segment depression rate of change. The heart reserve possibility of largely depends on whether the demand for oxygen is satisfied and on as how quickly and sufficiently oxygen is delivered to the heart during the exercise. When the myocardium is insufficiently supplied with blood there is a lack ...
Coronary CTA
Coronary CTA

... The systemic administration of the contrast agent and high spatial and temporal resolution makes computed tomography angiography (CTA) the preferred modality to identify and evaluate abnormalities including anomalies of the coronary circulation, great vessels, valves, and heart chambers. Origin and ...
A client has been admitted to the hospital for UTI and dehydration
A client has been admitted to the hospital for UTI and dehydration

... Pressure in Left ventricle must exceed pressure in __________ before the Left ventricle can eject blood: Aorta Multiplying heart rate by stroke volume equals: Cardiac output Cardiac cells can withstand cardiac conditions for how long? 20 minutes What is the most common cause for myocardial ischemia? ...
When To Refer Patients For heart Failure Therapy
When To Refer Patients For heart Failure Therapy

...  Most ...
Dilated Cardiomyopathy:A Literature Review
Dilated Cardiomyopathy:A Literature Review

... even be diagnosed by a routine electrocardiogram (EKG) when seeing a physician for another reason. When abnormalities are found the patient is sent to have an echocardiogram to further investigate EKG results (Kasper & Knudson, 2010). On the other hand patients visiting a physician because of experi ...
Appearance of QRS fragmentation late after Mustard/ Senning repair
Appearance of QRS fragmentation late after Mustard/ Senning repair

... repair for d-TGA correlates with age, ventricular dysfunction, electrophysiological parameters and clinical events.9 10 However, CMR imaging is costly and access is limited. Therefore, a further search for an easily implementable tool to identify patients at risk for adverse outcome is needed. Fragm ...
Form for submission of comments
Form for submission of comments

... EFPIA recommends that a paediatric addendum to the diabetes guideline is being developed. The addendum should provide guidelines about target groups, study design for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). Requirements for paediatric patients with T2DM to be recruited should refle ...
Comparison of different cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Comparison of different cardiovascular magnetic resonance

... in general good for the steady-state-free-precession readouts in all sequences, was lower for SASHA parametric maps. On multivariate regression analysis, a longer T1 measured by MOLLI was correlated with lower ejection fraction and female gender. Inter-observer variability as assessed by intra-class ...
KDOQI US Commentary on the 2013 KDIGO Clinical Practice
KDOQI US Commentary on the 2013 KDIGO Clinical Practice

... evidence, including randomized controlled trials of statin therapy in adults with CKD, has helped better define medical treatments for dyslipidemia. In light of the new evidence, KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) formed a work group for the management of dyslipidemia in patients with ...
Surgery Of The Aorta - Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Surgery Of The Aorta - Northwestern Memorial Hospital

... Angiogram: This is an x-ray study, which outlines the blood vessels to the legs. It is used to find the exact location and extent of any blockage or narrowing of an artery. Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA): An MRA also is used to find the exact location and extent of any blockage or narrowing of a ...
The burden of acute coronary syndromes in the United Kingdom
The burden of acute coronary syndromes in the United Kingdom

... monitored for several days to ensure that their condition does not progress to a heart attack, while patients diagnosed with heart damage caused by a heart attack often require an operation to clear and prevent further blockage of the blood supply to the heart. One common procedure for heart attack ...
Pitfalls in the Estimation of the Severity of a
Pitfalls in the Estimation of the Severity of a

... CAVS 5,6 can have an additional effect on the left ventricular (LV) function.1 We present a case of an elderly man with CAVS in whom difficulties and pitfalls have been encountered, which could have been avoidable. II. CASE A male patient of 86 years had a long history of cardiovascular disease. Thi ...
Alleviating Congestive Heart Failure with Coenzyme Q10
Alleviating Congestive Heart Failure with Coenzyme Q10

... at the time because we had no idea of the dramatic CoQ10-depleting effects of the newly released statin drugs. One patient in particular showed a simultaneous drop in plasma CoQ10 level and ejection fraction when started on statin therapy, with improvement after the statin was discontinued (see figu ...
Heart Rate Variability in Psychiatric Disorders
Heart Rate Variability in Psychiatric Disorders

... technique of HRV analysis and illustrate how HRV analysis can shed light on neurobiology of psychiatric disorders. Methods: We present HRV methods and applications to quantify ANS dysregulation associated with psychiatric disorders. We will also highlight the novel approaches of HRV analysis to stud ...
Influence of Ejection Fraction on Outcomes and Efficacy of Sacubitril
Influence of Ejection Fraction on Outcomes and Efficacy of Sacubitril

... sex; race; body mass index; New York Heart Association class; prior HF hospitalization; prior history of hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation; and baseline use of ACE inhibitors or ARB, digoxin, diuretics, β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor anta ...
Gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in
Gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in

... pre-transplant screening, helping to identify individuals that may require a more aggressive evaluation and treatment. Moreover, it helps to detect existing cardiac conditions amenable to risk modification, and to exclude individuals with such short life expectancy that transplantation would not yie ...
Activity 5.3.2: Heart Matter - David I. is a bio-technician :D
Activity 5.3.2: Heart Matter - David I. is a bio-technician :D

... Heart is concern for teenagers if they have family members that have heart diseases, which might affect their children, or if they are born with a heart disease 4. What is the medical indication that a person needs a heart transplant? a. How many heart transplants are performed each year? the range ...
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Cardiovascular
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Cardiovascular

... of hypertension in the United States in those over age 55 years is 48%.9 According to the year 2000 census, there are approximately 59 million Americans age 55 or older. If 25–50% of these individuals also have OSA, then 14 –29 million of those people are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease ...
as PDF - Unit Guide
as PDF - Unit Guide

... ((BIOL208(P) or BIOL246(P)) and (BIOL223(P) or CBMS223(P) or PSY236(P)) or admission to GDipChiroSc or PGQual(Chiro) Corequisites Co-badged status Unit description This unit considers the functioning of the cardiovascular, renal and respiratory systems in maintaining a constant environment in the hu ...
Appendix _: Glossary
Appendix _: Glossary

... effective pumping occurs. Fibrillation may occur in the atria or the ventricles. Heart Block – A condition in which electrical impulses are not conducted in the normal fashion from the atria to the ventricles. May be caused by damage or disease processes within the cardiac conduction system. Haemody ...
Aalborg Universitet
Aalborg Universitet

... (200 lg) was given prior to contrast injection. Coronary segments with a reference diameter larger than 2 mm and more than 30 % diameter stenosis were categorized as having CAD (non-obstructive or obstructive). The segments with disease were visualized in multiple planes to avoid overlapping of vess ...
ECG Findings in Active Patients
ECG Findings in Active Patients

... than one consecutive, nonconducted P wave is unknown, but it is rare compared with first-degree or Wenckebach-type block. Generally, Mobitz type 2 block should be considered a potential marker of underlying heart disease and an indication for further evaluation. Advanced AV block and concomitant str ...
French Society of Cardiology guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation in
French Society of Cardiology guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation in

... functional capacity is followed by an almost 15% reduction in mortality. The recognized beneficial effects are due to intertwined mechanisms: reduction of systemic inflammation, sometimes subclinical, associated with these chronic pathologies; antioxidant effects; antithrombotic effects; neurohormonal ...
Glossary of Cardiology Terms
Glossary of Cardiology Terms

... effective pumping occurs. Fibrillation may occur in the atria or the ventricles. Heart Block – A condition in which electrical impulses are not conducted in the normal fashion from the atria to the ventricles. May be caused by damage or disease processes within the cardiac conduction system. Haemody ...
Cardiovascular abnormalities in ageing and in uraemia-
Cardiovascular abnormalities in ageing and in uraemia-

... arteries, this is no longer the case in the elderly. Such a discrepancy of pressure profile between peripheral and central arteries has implications for the definition of hypertension and for the change of cardiac work load with age. In young individuals, systolic blood pressure in the brachial arte ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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