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... The very bottom layer of the soil is known as bedrock and is mostly solid rock. Bedrock is solid rock underneath loose materials. The minerals in bedrock help determine the type of soil that forms. Since much of the soil in the upper layers forms from bedrock. Subsoil is the next and middle layer of ...
Plate Tectonic Theory
Plate Tectonic Theory

... Wegener was also intrigued by the occurrences of unusual geologic structures and of plant and animal fossils found on the matching coastlines of South America and Africa, which are now widely separated by the Atlantic Ocean.  He reasoned that it was physically impossible for most of these organisms ...
Plate Tectonic Theory
Plate Tectonic Theory

... Wegener was also intrigued by the occurrences of unusual geologic structures and of plant and animal fossils found on the matching coastlines of South America and Africa, which are now widely separated by the Atlantic Ocean.  He reasoned that it was physically impossible for most of these organisms ...
This test review is in preparation for a chemistry test
This test review is in preparation for a chemistry test

... 12) The puzzle-like fit of the continents is one of the evidences given to explain continental drift (yes, this should be one of your answers for #6!), but the continents don’t fit together perfectly. Why? ...
Continental Drift
Continental Drift

... continued to expand and eventually joined with the mid-ocean ridge in the North Atlantic form a single mid-oceanic ridge in the Atlantic. More ridges would form and further divide the remaining clumps of Pangaea over time to form the positions of continents as we know them today. However, this movem ...
Plate Tectonics - Awtrey Middle School
Plate Tectonics - Awtrey Middle School

... 1. Continents fit together like puzzle pieces (mountain ranges lined up) 2. Mesosaurus – Reptile fossil found on South America and Africa – It couldn’t swim! 3. Glossopteris – Tropical plant fossil that was found in Antarctica! ...
Chapter 6: Plate Tectonics
Chapter 6: Plate Tectonics

...  Tectonics refers to large-scale processes that cause movement of the lithospheric plates over the asthenosphere  These processes have produced mountain chains, ocean basins, and other Earth surface features o They also interact with other Earth systems to affect Earth’s climate 6.2 Structure of E ...
Continental Crust
Continental Crust

... - buoyant (less dense than oceanic crust) - mostly old ...
solid rock
solid rock

... Flow that transfers heat within a fluid ...
Plate: a rigid slab of solid lithosphere rock that has defined
Plate: a rigid slab of solid lithosphere rock that has defined

... the processes that deform the earth’s lithosphere and the rock structures and surface features created by these processes The downward movement and eventual melting of an oceanic plate as it sinks into the asthenosphere along converging plate boundaries ...
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

...  Paleozoic  Mesozoic  Cenozoic 7. Spheres of the Earth  Lithosphere  Hydrosphere  Atmosphere  Biosphere 8. Continental Drift  Alfred Wegener  4 items of proof  Not accepted at time of development 9. Plate Tectonics  J. Tuzo Wilson  Plates move about by convection currents in the mantle o ...
Earths Interior Article Bryson
Earths Interior Article Bryson

... world beneath us is composed of four layers: a rocky outer crust; a mantle of hot, viscous rock; a liquid outer core; and a solid inner core. We know that the surface is dominated by silicates, which are relatively light and not heavy enough to account for the planet’s overall density. Therefore the ...
Origins of Magma
Origins of Magma

... cases we see evidence that crustal rocks have melted when hot igneous rocks have intruded them. This melting is not widespread and is normally found very close to the boundaries of a batholith or other intrusion. Lithostatic pressure (pressure due to the weight of the overlying rocks) constrains the ...
Science 8
Science 8

... B. Choose the best answer to complete each section. ____1. At what rate do scientists say the Earth’s plates move? a. 1cm to 12 cm a century b. 1cm to 12 cm a decade c. 1cm to 12 cm a year ____2. Why does seafloor spreading occur? a. Because earthquakes break apart the ocean floor b. Because molten ...
Science 8
Science 8

... B. Choose the best answer to complete each section. ____1. At what rate do scientists say the Earth’s plates move? a. 1cm to 12 cm a century b. 1cm to 12 cm a decade c. 1cm to 12 cm a year ____2. Why does seafloor spreading occur? a. Because earthquakes break apart the ocean floor b. Because molten ...
Igneous Geology - Earth Science Teachers` Association
Igneous Geology - Earth Science Teachers` Association

... Read IGR 2 p 33 section 2.6.1 The Temperature Rises. Answer these questions: ...
7.1 Inside the Earth
7.1 Inside the Earth

... from the bass. What type of relationship does this represent? A. predation B. parasitism C. mutualism D. commensalism ...
Hutton, Kelvin, and the great Earth debates.
Hutton, Kelvin, and the great Earth debates.

... contract about 5 billion years ago ...
Plate Tectonics - Mr. Brown`s Science Town
Plate Tectonics - Mr. Brown`s Science Town

... • As the seafloor spreads apart at a midocean ridge, new seafloor is created. • The older seafloor moves away from the ridge in opposite directions. • This helped explain how the crust could move—something that the continental ...
organpipes national park
organpipes national park

... outcrop which has a tiled or mosaic-like appearance. It is another area of columnar basalt, but instead of the vertical faces being visible as at the Organ Pipes, the horizontal faces are visible - you can walk and climb over them. The columns tend to be hexagonal, but many have sides of unequal len ...
EarthquakesandVolcan..
EarthquakesandVolcan..

... break and move, the underground origin of the earthquake. Epicenter – The point directly above the focus, on the earth’s surface where the origin of an earthquake is above ground. ...
Plate Tectonics Guided Notes
Plate Tectonics Guided Notes

... Volcanoes can be formed in 3 ways: 1) ____________________ 2) ____________________ 3) ____________________ Hotspot volcanoes form when ____________________________________________________ ________________________________ of a tectonic plate. An example is the ____________________________________ Bec ...
Earth`s Interior Structure
Earth`s Interior Structure

... Internal Heat -Nuclear Fission •Radioactive ...
Chapter 11 Mountain Building 11.1 Rock Deformation Factors
Chapter 11 Mountain Building 11.1 Rock Deformation Factors

Document
Document

... supercontinent, called Pangea, which divided ~ 200 Million years ago into Laurasia and Gondwanaland and later into the continents we see today (“continental drift”) ...
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Geology



Geology (from the Greek γῆ, gē, i.e. ""earth"" and -λoγία, -logia, i.e. ""study of, discourse"") is an earth science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change. Geology can also refer generally to the study of the solid features of any celestial body (such as the geology of the Moon or Mars).Geology gives insight into the history of the Earth by providing the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and past climates. Geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding of natural hazards, the remediation of environmental problems, and for providing insights into past climate change. Geology also plays a role in geotechnical engineering and is a major academic discipline.
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