On the Electrodynamics of the Big Bang Universe - SLAC
... interest, an ionized gas is called a Plasma” (10). According to P.J.E. Peebles, those patches of the Universe where almost all the ions and electrons have combined still have a residual ionization of 0.01 to 0.0001 under various assumptions (11). Just after Combination Time, T would be about 104 and ...
... interest, an ionized gas is called a Plasma” (10). According to P.J.E. Peebles, those patches of the Universe where almost all the ions and electrons have combined still have a residual ionization of 0.01 to 0.0001 under various assumptions (11). Just after Combination Time, T would be about 104 and ...
THE RADIATION FROM AN ELECTRON MOVING IN A
... papers on this subject, the treatment is limited to the case of motion of electrons in vacuum. 1 - 3 The presence of the medium can, under certain conditions, strongly influence the character of the radiation and, for example, lead to a reduction in intensity of the low frequency radiation from disc ...
... papers on this subject, the treatment is limited to the case of motion of electrons in vacuum. 1 - 3 The presence of the medium can, under certain conditions, strongly influence the character of the radiation and, for example, lead to a reduction in intensity of the low frequency radiation from disc ...
The Magnetic Field Profile in Strongly Magnetized Neutron Stars
... Summary and Outlook - we provide the first realistic magnetic-field profile for the EoS of magnetized neutron stars - our profile is obtained from the solution of Einstein's equations and does not violate Maxwell’s equations - our results allow anyone to include a B profile in any neutron star EoS ...
... Summary and Outlook - we provide the first realistic magnetic-field profile for the EoS of magnetized neutron stars - our profile is obtained from the solution of Einstein's equations and does not violate Maxwell’s equations - our results allow anyone to include a B profile in any neutron star EoS ...
Fusion Reactors – a dream that can never come true
... If the star has a significant amount of dense core, the first stage nuclear fusion proceeds as described, but before attaining the critical temperature for the second-stage fusion, it crosses the critical density, and so the second-stage fusion does not happen. It will remain as a white dwarf or a n ...
... If the star has a significant amount of dense core, the first stage nuclear fusion proceeds as described, but before attaining the critical temperature for the second-stage fusion, it crosses the critical density, and so the second-stage fusion does not happen. It will remain as a white dwarf or a n ...
The Sun - Tvining.us
... – red protrusions of ionized gases from the chromosphere – often arch-shaped, controlled by magnetic fields – seem to represent twisted magnetic fields emanating from the active regions around ...
... – red protrusions of ionized gases from the chromosphere – often arch-shaped, controlled by magnetic fields – seem to represent twisted magnetic fields emanating from the active regions around ...
Electrons in Atoms
... X-rays have very small wavelengths, between 0.03 and 3 nanometers X-rays are used by doctors to see the internal structures of the body X rays have very high energies, so they may kill living cells or turn them into cancer cells when exposed to too much of this type of radiation ...
... X-rays have very small wavelengths, between 0.03 and 3 nanometers X-rays are used by doctors to see the internal structures of the body X rays have very high energies, so they may kill living cells or turn them into cancer cells when exposed to too much of this type of radiation ...
Stellar Activity
... • Coronal emission primarily in soft x-rays (0.1-1 KeV), collisionally excited emission lines of high ionization states of Fe and other heavy elements • Structures defined by magnetic active regions (loops with feet in photospheric active regions) • Mass loss flows out along open field lines • Diagn ...
... • Coronal emission primarily in soft x-rays (0.1-1 KeV), collisionally excited emission lines of high ionization states of Fe and other heavy elements • Structures defined by magnetic active regions (loops with feet in photospheric active regions) • Mass loss flows out along open field lines • Diagn ...
UNIFYING THEORY OF LOW-ENERGY NUCLEAR REACTION AND
... The electron screening effect, in conjunction with a particle velocity distribution, has been shown to enhance the cross sections and reaction rates for proton-deuteron (pD) fusion at extremely low kinetic energies [26]. The pD fusion reaction is shown to dominate other fusion reactions involving hy ...
... The electron screening effect, in conjunction with a particle velocity distribution, has been shown to enhance the cross sections and reaction rates for proton-deuteron (pD) fusion at extremely low kinetic energies [26]. The pD fusion reaction is shown to dominate other fusion reactions involving hy ...
plasma/tokamak (alex/steve)new - General Atomics Fusion Education
... the same number of charges protons (+) and electrons (–) so that they are electrically neutral. When an electron is stripped away from the atom, an ion is formed, which has a positive charge. This ion will then react to any electrostatic or magnetic fields that it encounters. The free electron is al ...
... the same number of charges protons (+) and electrons (–) so that they are electrically neutral. When an electron is stripped away from the atom, an ion is formed, which has a positive charge. This ion will then react to any electrostatic or magnetic fields that it encounters. The free electron is al ...
Introduction to Fission and Fusion
... The fission process is an a natural one as a French researcher found a natural uranium reactor in Gabon, West Africa; it has been estimated to be over 2 billion years old ...
... The fission process is an a natural one as a French researcher found a natural uranium reactor in Gabon, West Africa; it has been estimated to be over 2 billion years old ...
Spin-up by accretion with magnetic field and formation of
... Also needed: a "recipe" for the evolution of the magnetic fielda : B = B0 /(1 + ∆M/mB ) with mB = 10−5 − 10−4 M . ...
... Also needed: a "recipe" for the evolution of the magnetic fielda : B = B0 /(1 + ∆M/mB ) with mB = 10−5 − 10−4 M . ...
Magnetic dynamos through driven turbulence
... from fluctuations of hypermagnetic fields during the time of decoupling of electroweak interations (come together with baryonic asymmetry of the Universe), to various “battery effects”, which produce macroscopic seed fields on a continuing basic up to our time. One example is a ...
... from fluctuations of hypermagnetic fields during the time of decoupling of electroweak interations (come together with baryonic asymmetry of the Universe), to various “battery effects”, which produce macroscopic seed fields on a continuing basic up to our time. One example is a ...
Homework 1
... All stars start off as a cloud of dust. Over time the dust starts to clump together and form what is called a protostar. As the protostar becomes more massive the gravitational pressure on the outside shell becomes larger causing it to become more dense. This increase in density in turn causes the t ...
... All stars start off as a cloud of dust. Over time the dust starts to clump together and form what is called a protostar. As the protostar becomes more massive the gravitational pressure on the outside shell becomes larger causing it to become more dense. This increase in density in turn causes the t ...
Kein Folientitel
... The maximum growth rate is obtained for a cool, fast and dense beam. The condition for growth of Langmuir waves is that the beam velocity exceeds a threshold, vb > 3 vth0, in order to overcome the Landau damping of the main part of the VDF. Electron beams occur in front of the bow shock and often i ...
... The maximum growth rate is obtained for a cool, fast and dense beam. The condition for growth of Langmuir waves is that the beam velocity exceeds a threshold, vb > 3 vth0, in order to overcome the Landau damping of the main part of the VDF. Electron beams occur in front of the bow shock and often i ...
Origin of the Elements and Atomic Structure
... The big questions of geochemistry.. • How did the Earth form and differentiate? • What is the composition of the core and mantle? • What were the chemical conditions that allowed the origin of life? • Why do ore-deposits form? • How are the different Earth systems ( lithospherebiosphere-hydrosphere- ...
... The big questions of geochemistry.. • How did the Earth form and differentiate? • What is the composition of the core and mantle? • What were the chemical conditions that allowed the origin of life? • Why do ore-deposits form? • How are the different Earth systems ( lithospherebiosphere-hydrosphere- ...
PDF
... properties throughout its levels of space and time. Discrepancies between observed and expected quantitative solutions for total universal values have been attributed to the internal geometry of space-time below the level of discourse associated with classical matter (< ~10-15 m). Explanations have ...
... properties throughout its levels of space and time. Discrepancies between observed and expected quantitative solutions for total universal values have been attributed to the internal geometry of space-time below the level of discourse associated with classical matter (< ~10-15 m). Explanations have ...
射电天文基础
... • In 1845, Faraday detected that the polarization angle of dielectric material will rotate if a magnetic field is applied to the material in the direction of the light propagation • The rotation of the plane of polarization of an EM wave as it passes through a region containing free electrons and a ...
... • In 1845, Faraday detected that the polarization angle of dielectric material will rotate if a magnetic field is applied to the material in the direction of the light propagation • The rotation of the plane of polarization of an EM wave as it passes through a region containing free electrons and a ...
1_Introduction - Department of Astronomy
... compressed, it becomes denser. As the gas is compressed, it also becomes hotter. When the gas temperature is high enough (T ≈ 10 million Kelvin), nuclear fusion begins! ...
... compressed, it becomes denser. As the gas is compressed, it also becomes hotter. When the gas temperature is high enough (T ≈ 10 million Kelvin), nuclear fusion begins! ...
Notes: Stellar Nucleosynthesis
... Fusion of Heavier Elements • Iron is a “star killer” • fusion of iron takes energy (endothermic) instead of giving off energy (exothermic) • therefore, stars begin to “die” once iron is created. ...
... Fusion of Heavier Elements • Iron is a “star killer” • fusion of iron takes energy (endothermic) instead of giving off energy (exothermic) • therefore, stars begin to “die” once iron is created. ...
The Quadrupole Cusp: A Universal Accelerator, or From Radiation
... • Now that we know there are trapping regions of the cusp, e.g. periodic orbits, we can display those orbits with a Poincaré section. Then we can potentially demonstrate the invariant tori and chaotic orbits. • Unfortunately, I only realized the advantage of this approach after plotting 4000 traject ...
... • Now that we know there are trapping regions of the cusp, e.g. periodic orbits, we can display those orbits with a Poincaré section. Then we can potentially demonstrate the invariant tori and chaotic orbits. • Unfortunately, I only realized the advantage of this approach after plotting 4000 traject ...
Comparing classical and lab plasma dynamos
... magnetically-driven relaxation driven by boundary condition produces large-scale field via transport contains large magnetic energy (?) occupies large space (?) ...
... magnetically-driven relaxation driven by boundary condition produces large-scale field via transport contains large magnetic energy (?) occupies large space (?) ...
Equations Of State of Hydrogen-Helium and Carbon
... (EOS) for White Dwarfs and super giant Planets, under the conditions of high densities and low temperatures, faces two problems. The first has to do with Pressure Ionization : the energy levels of the electrons in the case of extreme pressure ionization cannot be treated in the same way as the energ ...
... (EOS) for White Dwarfs and super giant Planets, under the conditions of high densities and low temperatures, faces two problems. The first has to do with Pressure Ionization : the energy levels of the electrons in the case of extreme pressure ionization cannot be treated in the same way as the energ ...
Plasma Astrophysics
... • In thermal equilibrium, particles have Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of speeds. ...
... • In thermal equilibrium, particles have Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of speeds. ...
Polywell
The polywell is a type of nuclear fusion reactor that uses an electric field to heat ions to fusion conditions. It is closely related to the magnetic mirror, the fusor, the biconic cusp and the high beta fusion reactor. A set of electromagnets generates a magnetic field which traps electrons. This creates a negative voltage, which attracts positive ions. As the ions accelerate towards the negative center, their kinetic energy rises. If the ions collide in the center, they can fuse.The polywell is one of many devices that use an electric field to heat ions to fusion conditions. This branch of fusion research is known as inertial electrostatic confinement. The polywell was developed by Robert Bussard, as an improvement over the fusor. His company, EMC2, Inc., developed the initial devices for the U.S. Navy.