SEA-FLOOR SPREADING
... Oceanic Crust – is uniformly thick throughout the worlds oceans (5 - 7 km). Assuming this is made from basaltic magma (both extrusive and intrusive) then:Volume/Year = Thickness x Spreading Rate x Length About 5 - 20 km3/year (depending on assumptions) length ~ 65,000 km thickness 5 - 7 km spreading ...
... Oceanic Crust – is uniformly thick throughout the worlds oceans (5 - 7 km). Assuming this is made from basaltic magma (both extrusive and intrusive) then:Volume/Year = Thickness x Spreading Rate x Length About 5 - 20 km3/year (depending on assumptions) length ~ 65,000 km thickness 5 - 7 km spreading ...
Chapter10Lecture
... • Mechanical weathering – in which a large rock mass is broken into smaller fragments; frost wedging is when water collects in pores and cracks of rock, expands upon freezing, and splits off pieces of the rock. • Chemical weathering – in which one or more chemical reactions decompose a mass or rock ...
... • Mechanical weathering – in which a large rock mass is broken into smaller fragments; frost wedging is when water collects in pores and cracks of rock, expands upon freezing, and splits off pieces of the rock. • Chemical weathering – in which one or more chemical reactions decompose a mass or rock ...
the composition of the earth - MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric
... Compositional models for the silicate Earth usually fall in one of two categories based on major elements. One class of models assumes that the silicate Earth has a complement of Mg and Si that is equal to that in CI carbonaceous chondrites. Given this, the remaining elements are grouped into eithe ...
... Compositional models for the silicate Earth usually fall in one of two categories based on major elements. One class of models assumes that the silicate Earth has a complement of Mg and Si that is equal to that in CI carbonaceous chondrites. Given this, the remaining elements are grouped into eithe ...
3 - Sea Floor Spreading
... • Questions Hess wanted answers to: – Why is there so little sediment deposited on the ocean floor? If the oceans have existed for at least 4 billion years, as most geologists believed, shouldn’t there be more? – Why are fossils found on the seafloor no more than 180 million years old? Marine fossil ...
... • Questions Hess wanted answers to: – Why is there so little sediment deposited on the ocean floor? If the oceans have existed for at least 4 billion years, as most geologists believed, shouldn’t there be more? – Why are fossils found on the seafloor no more than 180 million years old? Marine fossil ...
Figure I2.1 - Online Books Connect
... the stirrings of the Titans, giants imprisoned in the Earth, goes back to the classical time of the Greeks. The mythical association of volcanic eruptions with battles between the Olympian gods and the Titans is very likely to date back to Preclassical antiquity. The Greeks saw the Titans as huge ma ...
... the stirrings of the Titans, giants imprisoned in the Earth, goes back to the classical time of the Greeks. The mythical association of volcanic eruptions with battles between the Olympian gods and the Titans is very likely to date back to Preclassical antiquity. The Greeks saw the Titans as huge ma ...
In geologic terms, a plate is a large, rigid slab of solid rock. The word
... Wegener. He contended that, around 200 million years ago, the supercontinent Pangaea began to split apart. Alexander Du Toit, Professor of Geology at Johannesburg University and one of Wegener's staunchest supporters, proposed that Pangaea first broke into two large continental landmasses, Laurasia ...
... Wegener. He contended that, around 200 million years ago, the supercontinent Pangaea began to split apart. Alexander Du Toit, Professor of Geology at Johannesburg University and one of Wegener's staunchest supporters, proposed that Pangaea first broke into two large continental landmasses, Laurasia ...
Modeling Faults - wbm-earth
... A transform or strike-slip fault occurs where two portions of rock slide past one another without much upward or downward movement (see Figure 3 on the next page). Rocks exposed to strike-slip faults are subject to shearing. Shearing forces push on rocks from different directions. As the rocks move ...
... A transform or strike-slip fault occurs where two portions of rock slide past one another without much upward or downward movement (see Figure 3 on the next page). Rocks exposed to strike-slip faults are subject to shearing. Shearing forces push on rocks from different directions. As the rocks move ...
Plate Boundaries
... Accretionary wedge—Sediments, the top layer of material on a tectonic plate, that accumulate and deform where oceanic and continental plates collide. These sediments are scraped off the top of the down-going oceanic crustal plate and are appended to the edge of the continental plate. Asthenosphere—t ...
... Accretionary wedge—Sediments, the top layer of material on a tectonic plate, that accumulate and deform where oceanic and continental plates collide. These sediments are scraped off the top of the down-going oceanic crustal plate and are appended to the edge of the continental plate. Asthenosphere—t ...
Course Syllabus Spring 2008
... sedimentary rocks that are not horizontal either were formed in special ways or, more often, were moved from their horizontal position by later events, such as tilting during episodes of mountain building. Rock layers are also called strata (the plural form of the Latin word stratum), and stratigrap ...
... sedimentary rocks that are not horizontal either were formed in special ways or, more often, were moved from their horizontal position by later events, such as tilting during episodes of mountain building. Rock layers are also called strata (the plural form of the Latin word stratum), and stratigrap ...
Mantle Convection and Plate Tectonics: Toward an Integrated
... such that a self-consistent physical and chemical model capable of integrating plate tectonics, geochemical observations, and other constraints may be possible within the next decade. This review focuses on these two issues. However, there has also been important progress in other areas, notably (i) ...
... such that a self-consistent physical and chemical model capable of integrating plate tectonics, geochemical observations, and other constraints may be possible within the next decade. This review focuses on these two issues. However, there has also been important progress in other areas, notably (i) ...
density lab pictures and explanation
... When you place the rods in cold water both rods initially float because their density is lower than that of the cold water. Over time, as the PVC rod gets colder it contracts and as a result its density changes (volume shrinks but its mass remains the same). When the density of the rod exceeds that ...
... When you place the rods in cold water both rods initially float because their density is lower than that of the cold water. Over time, as the PVC rod gets colder it contracts and as a result its density changes (volume shrinks but its mass remains the same). When the density of the rod exceeds that ...
crust - WordPress.com
... The upper mantle’s high temperatures of 2,800–3,200 °C can melt rocks. The semi-solid layer in the upper part of the mantle is called the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is a solid that flows like a liquid. This physical property is called plasticity. Scientists believe that the lithosphere and the ...
... The upper mantle’s high temperatures of 2,800–3,200 °C can melt rocks. The semi-solid layer in the upper part of the mantle is called the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is a solid that flows like a liquid. This physical property is called plasticity. Scientists believe that the lithosphere and the ...
Igneous Rocks - ElementaryScienceOlympiadBCS
... igneous rocks. Mafic is used for silicate minerals, magmas, and rocks which are relatively high in the heavier elements. The term is derived from using the MA from magnesium and the FIC from the Latin word for iron, but mafic magmas also are relatively enriched in calcium and sodium. Mafic minerals ...
... igneous rocks. Mafic is used for silicate minerals, magmas, and rocks which are relatively high in the heavier elements. The term is derived from using the MA from magnesium and the FIC from the Latin word for iron, but mafic magmas also are relatively enriched in calcium and sodium. Mafic minerals ...
Earthquakes - Chapter 10
... originates in narrow zones that wind around the Earth These zones mark of edges of tectonic plates ...
... originates in narrow zones that wind around the Earth These zones mark of edges of tectonic plates ...
GEOL 1e Lecture Outlines
... features of the continental margins. The vertical dimensions of the features in this profile are greatly exaggerated, because the vertical and horizontal scales differ. ...
... features of the continental margins. The vertical dimensions of the features in this profile are greatly exaggerated, because the vertical and horizontal scales differ. ...
plate boundary
... 3. With the class, look at the plate boundaries that will be explored. Pay close attention when your plate boundary is zoomed in on. Take note of the type of plate boundary it is and what you see at the boundary – Lab Questions. 4. After all six boundaries have been looked at on the map, discuss wit ...
... 3. With the class, look at the plate boundaries that will be explored. Pay close attention when your plate boundary is zoomed in on. Take note of the type of plate boundary it is and what you see at the boundary – Lab Questions. 4. After all six boundaries have been looked at on the map, discuss wit ...
File - Ian Whaley Dillman EES
... thicker continental crust. This forms what is called a subduction zone. As the oceanic crust sinks, a deep oceanic _ trench__, or valley, is formed at the edge of the continent. The crust continues to be forced deeper into the earth, where high heat and pressure cause trapped water and other gasses ...
... thicker continental crust. This forms what is called a subduction zone. As the oceanic crust sinks, a deep oceanic _ trench__, or valley, is formed at the edge of the continent. The crust continues to be forced deeper into the earth, where high heat and pressure cause trapped water and other gasses ...
Earthquakes
... • An earthquake is a trembling or shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of energy stored in the rocks beneath Earth’s surface – Tectonic forces within the Earth produce stresses on rocks that eventually exceed their elastic limits, resulting in brittle failure ...
... • An earthquake is a trembling or shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of energy stored in the rocks beneath Earth’s surface – Tectonic forces within the Earth produce stresses on rocks that eventually exceed their elastic limits, resulting in brittle failure ...
Plate tectonics II: Earth`s structure and plate boundaries
... have a higher magnesium to iron ratio, and a smaller portion of silicon and aluminum than the crust. • Lithosphere versus asthenosphere: While the lithosphere behaves as a rigid body over geologic time scales, the asthenosphere deforms in ductile fashion. The lithosphere is fragmented into tectonic ...
... have a higher magnesium to iron ratio, and a smaller portion of silicon and aluminum than the crust. • Lithosphere versus asthenosphere: While the lithosphere behaves as a rigid body over geologic time scales, the asthenosphere deforms in ductile fashion. The lithosphere is fragmented into tectonic ...
Crust
... crust. The crust is Earth’s most external layer out of all the four layers mentioned. The crust consists of two parts the oceanic and continental crust. These crusts hover above the earth’s mantle, which is basically a river of molten rocks that is 2850 km thick. This outer most “coating” is more em ...
... crust. The crust is Earth’s most external layer out of all the four layers mentioned. The crust consists of two parts the oceanic and continental crust. These crusts hover above the earth’s mantle, which is basically a river of molten rocks that is 2850 km thick. This outer most “coating” is more em ...
The Earth`s Crust and the Moho
... Earth scientists can assume this because of the way that earthquake waves behave in the interior of the Earth. Also they can support their theory of the materials of the mantle with the fact in some places on the Earth’s surface the mantle has spilled out onto the surface. The mantle is much cooler ...
... Earth scientists can assume this because of the way that earthquake waves behave in the interior of the Earth. Also they can support their theory of the materials of the mantle with the fact in some places on the Earth’s surface the mantle has spilled out onto the surface. The mantle is much cooler ...
Nature
Nature, in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, or material world or universe. ""Nature"" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large part of science. Although humans are part of nature, human activity is often understood as a separate category from other natural phenomena.The word nature is derived from the Latin word natura, or ""essential qualities, innate disposition"", and in ancient times, literally meant ""birth"". Natura is a Latin translation of the Greek word physis (φύσις), which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics that plants, animals, and other features of the world develop of their own accord. The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word φύσις by pre-Socratic philosophers, and has steadily gained currency ever since. This usage continued during the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries.Within the various uses of the word today, ""nature"" often refers to geology and wildlife. Nature can refer to the general realm of living plants and animals, and in some cases to the processes associated with inanimate objects – the way that particular types of things exist and change of their own accord, such as the weather and geology of the Earth. It is often taken to mean the ""natural environment"" or wilderness–wild animals, rocks, forest, and in general those things that have not been substantially altered by human intervention, or which persist despite human intervention. For example, manufactured objects and human interaction generally are not considered part of nature, unless qualified as, for example, ""human nature"" or ""the whole of nature"". This more traditional concept of natural things which can still be found today implies a distinction between the natural and the artificial, with the artificial being understood as that which has been brought into being by a human consciousness or a human mind. Depending on the particular context, the term ""natural"" might also be distinguished from the unnatural or the supernatural.