Molecular Perspectives on the Bantu Expansion
... The dispersal of the Bantu language family is a topic that has incited a large amount of research, both amongst specialists in African history as well as from scholars working in other disciplines. Setting aside the higher phylogenetic levels of which they themselves are part, the Bantu languages co ...
... The dispersal of the Bantu language family is a topic that has incited a large amount of research, both amongst specialists in African history as well as from scholars working in other disciplines. Setting aside the higher phylogenetic levels of which they themselves are part, the Bantu languages co ...
Heritable variation in testosterone levels in male garter snakes
... effects also contribute to among-family variation. Based on an analysis of four litters each sired by two males (eight sireships total), it seems that maternal effects may inflate estimates of h2 obtained using full-sib analysis. The nature of these maternal effects remains unexplored and may includ ...
... effects also contribute to among-family variation. Based on an analysis of four litters each sired by two males (eight sireships total), it seems that maternal effects may inflate estimates of h2 obtained using full-sib analysis. The nature of these maternal effects remains unexplored and may includ ...
POPULATION GENETICS LECTURE NOTES
... Coefficient of selection The speed with which allele or genotype frequency changes, is driven by the relative fitness for each allele or genotype. Fitness (w11, w12 and w22) is a relative value, usually measured in comparison with the most-fit allele/genotype in the population. Selection coefficien ...
... Coefficient of selection The speed with which allele or genotype frequency changes, is driven by the relative fitness for each allele or genotype. Fitness (w11, w12 and w22) is a relative value, usually measured in comparison with the most-fit allele/genotype in the population. Selection coefficien ...
Two RANTES gene polymorphisms and their - dr
... between MI patients and controls for both populations (Tab.1) • Also, no differences were observed for RANTES In1.1 T/C SNP(Tab.2) • Multivariate analysis with combined data from both populations showed no evidence of association, also after stratification by gender and age at 1st infarction episode ...
... between MI patients and controls for both populations (Tab.1) • Also, no differences were observed for RANTES In1.1 T/C SNP(Tab.2) • Multivariate analysis with combined data from both populations showed no evidence of association, also after stratification by gender and age at 1st infarction episode ...
mini- review - Microbiology
... faster adaptation, because they experience severe bottlenecks during the initial stages of infection (Moxon & Murphy, 1978). The above predictions were tested in a laboratory experiment with evolving E. coli populations that differed in mutation rate, population size and initial adaptedness (de Viss ...
... faster adaptation, because they experience severe bottlenecks during the initial stages of infection (Moxon & Murphy, 1978). The above predictions were tested in a laboratory experiment with evolving E. coli populations that differed in mutation rate, population size and initial adaptedness (de Viss ...
Genetic Equilibrium - Advanced Student Version
... Once again, you will be working in pairs and testing the Hardy-Weinberg Principle by simulating a population using marbles, beads, or similar materials. However, with this new experiment, you will be introducing one conditional change—using a small population rather than a large one—in the hopes of ...
... Once again, you will be working in pairs and testing the Hardy-Weinberg Principle by simulating a population using marbles, beads, or similar materials. However, with this new experiment, you will be introducing one conditional change—using a small population rather than a large one—in the hopes of ...
Using a diploid genetic algorithm to create and maintain a complex
... interaction with the environment, though variations can be applied to a wide variety of other applications. Every individual is represented by a chromosome (or two chromosomes, in diploid runs) of three genes, each encoding a different metabolic enzyme: enzyme1 uses oxygen (O2) as a substrate and th ...
... interaction with the environment, though variations can be applied to a wide variety of other applications. Every individual is represented by a chromosome (or two chromosomes, in diploid runs) of three genes, each encoding a different metabolic enzyme: enzyme1 uses oxygen (O2) as a substrate and th ...
CHAPTER e18 Mitochondrial DNA and Heritable Traits and Diseases
... replication and transcription mechanisms of mtDNA differ from the corresponding mechanisms in the nuclear genome, whose nucleosomal packaging and structure are more complex. Since each mitochondrion contains many copies of mtDNA and because the number of mitochondria can vary during the lifetime of ...
... replication and transcription mechanisms of mtDNA differ from the corresponding mechanisms in the nuclear genome, whose nucleosomal packaging and structure are more complex. Since each mitochondrion contains many copies of mtDNA and because the number of mitochondria can vary during the lifetime of ...
Discovery and classification of ecological diversity in the
... cells from other ecological populations, each periodic selection event has very little effect on the divergence between populations (14,15,18). Because it purges the diversity within but not between populations, periodic selection increases the distinctness of ecological populations at all loci. Eac ...
... cells from other ecological populations, each periodic selection event has very little effect on the divergence between populations (14,15,18). Because it purges the diversity within but not between populations, periodic selection increases the distinctness of ecological populations at all loci. Eac ...
Linkage Mapping 2 3 – point linkage mapping One crossover Two
... produce 50% recombinant gametes on average. • This is why recombination frequency is not a linear function of the average number of crossovers between two loci. • If loci are widely separated on the chromosome, several crossovers may occur between them regularly at each meiosis, but they will still ...
... produce 50% recombinant gametes on average. • This is why recombination frequency is not a linear function of the average number of crossovers between two loci. • If loci are widely separated on the chromosome, several crossovers may occur between them regularly at each meiosis, but they will still ...
the Role of DNA Sequence Data - International Journal of
... cells from other ecological populations, each periodic selection event has very little effect on the divergence between populations (14,15,18). Because it purges the diversity within but not between populations, periodic selection increases the distinctness of ecological populations at all loci. Eac ...
... cells from other ecological populations, each periodic selection event has very little effect on the divergence between populations (14,15,18). Because it purges the diversity within but not between populations, periodic selection increases the distinctness of ecological populations at all loci. Eac ...
A disproportionate role for mtDNA in DobzhanskyMuller
... Evolution in allopatric populations can lead to incompatibilities that result in reduced hybrid fitness and ultimately reproductive isolation upon secondary contact. The Dobzhansky–Muller (DM) model nicely accounts for the evolution of such incompatibilities. Although DM incompatibilities were origi ...
... Evolution in allopatric populations can lead to incompatibilities that result in reduced hybrid fitness and ultimately reproductive isolation upon secondary contact. The Dobzhansky–Muller (DM) model nicely accounts for the evolution of such incompatibilities. Although DM incompatibilities were origi ...
Kap 13 Quantitative Genetics
... It is important to realize that the heritability is a property not only of a character but also of the population and of the environmental circumstances to which the individuals are subjected. Since the value of the heritability depends on the magnitude of all the components of variance, a change in ...
... It is important to realize that the heritability is a property not only of a character but also of the population and of the environmental circumstances to which the individuals are subjected. Since the value of the heritability depends on the magnitude of all the components of variance, a change in ...
Identifying Signatures of Natural Selection in Tibetan Data
... and Mesoamericans, corresponding to their geographic location. Intriguingly, the Columbians appear more closely related to the Mesoamericans than to any of the other South American groups, which could be the result of genetic drift in these two regional groups. The East Asian population analysis sho ...
... and Mesoamericans, corresponding to their geographic location. Intriguingly, the Columbians appear more closely related to the Mesoamericans than to any of the other South American groups, which could be the result of genetic drift in these two regional groups. The East Asian population analysis sho ...
Geographical variation in postzygotic isolation and its genetic basis
... sporadic in both interspecific and intraspecific crosses. For several crosses, Dobzhansky – Muller incompatibilities involving nuclear genes were implicated, while two interspecific crosses revealed evidence of cytonuclear interactions. Reduced hybrid pollen fertility was found to be greatly influen ...
... sporadic in both interspecific and intraspecific crosses. For several crosses, Dobzhansky – Muller incompatibilities involving nuclear genes were implicated, while two interspecific crosses revealed evidence of cytonuclear interactions. Reduced hybrid pollen fertility was found to be greatly influen ...
Steven Sandoval - Pima Indian Diabetes susceptibility differs significantly from European susceptibility
... T2DM. There is strong evidence that there exist multiple mechanisms through which diabetes can function. These differences have been shown to exist by Genome-Wide Association Studies performed on assays of genetic markers called Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). It is possible through a GWAS t ...
... T2DM. There is strong evidence that there exist multiple mechanisms through which diabetes can function. These differences have been shown to exist by Genome-Wide Association Studies performed on assays of genetic markers called Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). It is possible through a GWAS t ...
Population Genetics
... variation from parents to offspring. The rediscovery of Mendel’s laws of inheritance (1900), together with DeVries’ discovery of mutations (1903), and Bovari and Sutton’s insight linking gene transmission with chromosome behavior in meiosis (1902) provided the missing elements. Today, we refer to th ...
... variation from parents to offspring. The rediscovery of Mendel’s laws of inheritance (1900), together with DeVries’ discovery of mutations (1903), and Bovari and Sutton’s insight linking gene transmission with chromosome behavior in meiosis (1902) provided the missing elements. Today, we refer to th ...
Population Genetics
... variation from parents to offspring. The rediscovery of Mendel’s laws of inheritance (1900), together with DeVries’ discovery of mutations (1903), and Bovari and Sutton’s insight linking gene transmission with chromosome behavior in meiosis (1902) provided the missing elements. Today, we refer to th ...
... variation from parents to offspring. The rediscovery of Mendel’s laws of inheritance (1900), together with DeVries’ discovery of mutations (1903), and Bovari and Sutton’s insight linking gene transmission with chromosome behavior in meiosis (1902) provided the missing elements. Today, we refer to th ...
Mitotic recombination counteracts the benefits of
... environment. By breaking apart these gene combinations, parents that reproduce sexually also risk producing less-fit offspring. There are, however, certain circumstances under which genetic mixing can increase the fitness of an individual’s descendants. Kirkpatrick & Jenkins (1989) identified one su ...
... environment. By breaking apart these gene combinations, parents that reproduce sexually also risk producing less-fit offspring. There are, however, certain circumstances under which genetic mixing can increase the fitness of an individual’s descendants. Kirkpatrick & Jenkins (1989) identified one su ...
Article The Effect of Selection Environment on the
... To see this more clearly, and to articulate more precisely the predictions that can be made, imagine a situation where a large population composed of a single ancestral genotype is situated some distance from a fitness optimum in a single environment. Genetic variation in fitness arises by mutation, ...
... To see this more clearly, and to articulate more precisely the predictions that can be made, imagine a situation where a large population composed of a single ancestral genotype is situated some distance from a fitness optimum in a single environment. Genetic variation in fitness arises by mutation, ...
PopGen 8: Transient verses equilibrium polymorphism Mutation
... We will now consider multiple forces (selection, drift, etc.) acting at the same time. In some cases these forces act in opposite directions and an equilibrium state can be reached by the population. This means there might be populations where a polymorphism is not in a transient state (between fixa ...
... We will now consider multiple forces (selection, drift, etc.) acting at the same time. In some cases these forces act in opposite directions and an equilibrium state can be reached by the population. This means there might be populations where a polymorphism is not in a transient state (between fixa ...
RELATION BETWEEN HOMOZYGOUS VIABILITY AND
... ( F = %), from the same grandmother ( F = %), from grandmothers who were sibs ( F = %), and from unrelated grandmothers ( F = 0), the inbreeding coefficient F being based on the assumption that the second chromosome makes up one-half of the autosomal genome. In addition, an interpopulational outcros ...
... ( F = %), from the same grandmother ( F = %), from grandmothers who were sibs ( F = %), and from unrelated grandmothers ( F = 0), the inbreeding coefficient F being based on the assumption that the second chromosome makes up one-half of the autosomal genome. In addition, an interpopulational outcros ...
Darwinism About Darwinism - Peter Godfrey
... idealize, there will be cases where they get things wrong. G-S gives several insightful examples of cases in which all conditions are satisfied but no evolution by natural selection occurs, as well as cases in which some conditions are not satisfied but natural selection ensues nevertheless. Differe ...
... idealize, there will be cases where they get things wrong. G-S gives several insightful examples of cases in which all conditions are satisfied but no evolution by natural selection occurs, as well as cases in which some conditions are not satisfied but natural selection ensues nevertheless. Differe ...
THE INITIAL SETTLEMENT OF REMOTE OCEANIA: THE
... for tracing Austronesian-speaking population movements in the Pacific (Clark and Kelly 1993). Initial work with the maternally inherited DNA from the mitochondria (mtDNA) seemed to support the Express Train to Polynesian model (Gibbons 200 I). Non-Asian mitochondrial lineages have been identified in ...
... for tracing Austronesian-speaking population movements in the Pacific (Clark and Kelly 1993). Initial work with the maternally inherited DNA from the mitochondria (mtDNA) seemed to support the Express Train to Polynesian model (Gibbons 200 I). Non-Asian mitochondrial lineages have been identified in ...
Levels of inbreeding depression over seven generations of selfing in
... selfing vs. natural outcrossing were made for generations two to seven only. The results of generation one are reported elsewhere (Weeks et al., 2001a). All data were analysed using the statistical program J M P (SAS Institute, 2003). The models included three fixed effects: generation (2–7), popula ...
... selfing vs. natural outcrossing were made for generations two to seven only. The results of generation one are reported elsewhere (Weeks et al., 2001a). All data were analysed using the statistical program J M P (SAS Institute, 2003). The models included three fixed effects: generation (2–7), popula ...
Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia
The study of the genetics and archaeogenetics of the ethnic groups of South Asia aims at uncovering these groups' genetic history. The geographic position of India makes Indian populations important for the study of the early dispersal of all human populations on the Eurasian continent.According to the phylogeographic distribution of haplotypes observed among South Asian populations defined by social and linguistic criteria, the possibility arose of Y-DNA haplogroup F and mtDNA Haplogroup M might have originated in South Asia. The presence of several subclusters of F-M89 and K that are largely restricted to the Indian subcontinent is consistent with the scenario that a coastal (southern route) of early human migration out of Africa carried ancestral Eurasian lineages first to the coast of the Indian subcontinent, or that some of them originated there. Studies based on mtDNA variation have reported genetic unity across various Indian sub–populations. Conclusions of studies based on Y Chromosome variation and Autosomal DNA variation have been varied, although many researchers argue that most of the ancestral nodes of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types originated in the subcontinent. Recent genome studies appear to show evidence in support of the notion that modern south Asians (both Indo-Aryans and Dravidians) are a hybrid population descending from two genetically divergent populations referred to as the 'Ancestral North Indians' related to western eurasians and the 'Ancestral South Indians' who are not closely related to groups outside the subcontinent. It has been found that the ancestral node of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types typically found in Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe are also to be found in South Asia at relatively high frequencies. The inferred divergence of this common ancestral node is estimated to have occurred slightly less than 50,000 years ago. In India the major maternal lineages, or mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups, are M, R and U, whose coalescence times have been approximated to 50,000 BP.All major Y chromosome DNA haplogroups in the subcontinent are Haplogroup F's descendant haplogroups R (mostly R2a, R2 and R1a1), L, H and J (mostly J2). Many researchers have argued that Y-DNA Haplogroup R1a1 (M17) is of autochthonous Indian origin. However, proposals for a Central Asian origin for R1a1 are also quite common.