- Wiley Online Library
... (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) tolerance in Arabidopsis halleri, a pseudometallophyte model species that develops on metal-polluted sites where pollution is only of anthropogenic origin. From an interspecific cross (BC1) between a Zn/Cd-tolerant M accession (Auby, France) and its nontolerant close relative A ...
... (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) tolerance in Arabidopsis halleri, a pseudometallophyte model species that develops on metal-polluted sites where pollution is only of anthropogenic origin. From an interspecific cross (BC1) between a Zn/Cd-tolerant M accession (Auby, France) and its nontolerant close relative A ...
Plasticity has a genetic basis
... not plastic. For example If you assume that a mammals head size is plastic and in this particular case it is beneficial to have a big head. However the mammals head can only reach a certain size where the neck can still support it. Therefore how plastic the size of the mammals head can be is limited ...
... not plastic. For example If you assume that a mammals head size is plastic and in this particular case it is beneficial to have a big head. However the mammals head can only reach a certain size where the neck can still support it. Therefore how plastic the size of the mammals head can be is limited ...
NON-RANDOM MATING AND INBREEDING -1
... the kinship coefficient of its parents (FDE). Thus, the inbreeding Z coefficient of a child produced by D and E would equal 1/4. In other words, a child of sib-mating is expected to be homozygous (identical by descent) for 1/4 of its gene loci, on average. Remember, this is an expectation that is as ...
... the kinship coefficient of its parents (FDE). Thus, the inbreeding Z coefficient of a child produced by D and E would equal 1/4. In other words, a child of sib-mating is expected to be homozygous (identical by descent) for 1/4 of its gene loci, on average. Remember, this is an expectation that is as ...
LAB II - Reed College
... In order to answer the first question (What is the effect of initial allele frequency on the time to fixation or loss of an allele from a population using ANOVA?), we will design an experiment where the null hypothesis is that there is no significant effect of initial allele frequency on the amount ...
... In order to answer the first question (What is the effect of initial allele frequency on the time to fixation or loss of an allele from a population using ANOVA?), we will design an experiment where the null hypothesis is that there is no significant effect of initial allele frequency on the amount ...
Sp. A Sp. B Sp. C Crown group Stem group
... belongs to that lineage or not (hard to predict what it would look like). Referring to Doyle & Donoghue 1993 scenarios for angiosperm origins on handout from previous lecture on this topic (that is, the four trees labelled a--d, below the Crane 1987 and Friis et al. 1987 tables) Four scenarios of an ...
... belongs to that lineage or not (hard to predict what it would look like). Referring to Doyle & Donoghue 1993 scenarios for angiosperm origins on handout from previous lecture on this topic (that is, the four trees labelled a--d, below the Crane 1987 and Friis et al. 1987 tables) Four scenarios of an ...
population genetics - E-Learning/An
... In population genetics, the term polymorphism (meaning many forms) refers to the observation that many traits display variation within a population. Historically, polymorphism first referred to the variation in traits that are observable with the naked eye. Polymorphisms in color and pattern have lo ...
... In population genetics, the term polymorphism (meaning many forms) refers to the observation that many traits display variation within a population. Historically, polymorphism first referred to the variation in traits that are observable with the naked eye. Polymorphisms in color and pattern have lo ...
Population Genetics - National Open University of Nigeria
... The basic laws of heredity are the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment as formulated by Mendel in his experiment on garden peas. However, it was later realised that there are questions about the population that cannot be addressed by mere application of Mendelian laws of heredit ...
... The basic laws of heredity are the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment as formulated by Mendel in his experiment on garden peas. However, it was later realised that there are questions about the population that cannot be addressed by mere application of Mendelian laws of heredit ...
Genetic Heterogeneity and Ethno-historical Considerations of
... present day Pakistan may have been inhabited by modern humans as early as 60,000 – 70,000 years back. Indus Valley civilization flourished in 3d and 2d millennia BC.1 The present day Pakistani population is estimated to be more than 150 million. It is roughly inhabited by more than eighteen ethnic g ...
... present day Pakistan may have been inhabited by modern humans as early as 60,000 – 70,000 years back. Indus Valley civilization flourished in 3d and 2d millennia BC.1 The present day Pakistani population is estimated to be more than 150 million. It is roughly inhabited by more than eighteen ethnic g ...
Tibetan and Andean Patterns of Adaptation to High
... about the potential sources of phenotypic variance, including variance resulting from genetic factors, covariates, shared households, and random environmental factors. A frequently reported summary value is the proportion of total phenotypic variance that is attributable to nonindependence resulting ...
... about the potential sources of phenotypic variance, including variance resulting from genetic factors, covariates, shared households, and random environmental factors. A frequently reported summary value is the proportion of total phenotypic variance that is attributable to nonindependence resulting ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... under the assumptions of additive gene action, weak selection and constant environment and demography. This yields a prediction for the direction of allele frequency change in terms of phenotypic costs and benefits and genealogical concepts of relatedness, which holds for any frequency of the trait ...
... under the assumptions of additive gene action, weak selection and constant environment and demography. This yields a prediction for the direction of allele frequency change in terms of phenotypic costs and benefits and genealogical concepts of relatedness, which holds for any frequency of the trait ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... under the assumptions of additive gene action, weak selection and constant environment and demography. This yields a prediction for the direction of allele frequency change in terms of phenotypic costs and benefits and genealogical concepts of relatedness, which holds for any frequency of the trait ...
... under the assumptions of additive gene action, weak selection and constant environment and demography. This yields a prediction for the direction of allele frequency change in terms of phenotypic costs and benefits and genealogical concepts of relatedness, which holds for any frequency of the trait ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... under the assumptions of additive gene action, weak selection and constant environment and demography. This yields a prediction for the direction of allele frequency change in terms of phenotypic costs and benefits and genealogical concepts of relatedness, which holds for any frequency of the trait ...
... under the assumptions of additive gene action, weak selection and constant environment and demography. This yields a prediction for the direction of allele frequency change in terms of phenotypic costs and benefits and genealogical concepts of relatedness, which holds for any frequency of the trait ...
M-Collate2 119..268
... locus are called alleles. In a population, more than one allele may be present at a locus, and their relative proportions are referred to as the allele frequencies. The set of all alleles existing in a population at all loci is called the gene pool. A germ-line mutation (henceforth mutation) is a he ...
... locus are called alleles. In a population, more than one allele may be present at a locus, and their relative proportions are referred to as the allele frequencies. The set of all alleles existing in a population at all loci is called the gene pool. A germ-line mutation (henceforth mutation) is a he ...
The Relative Contributions of the X Chromosome and Autosomes to
... Models of sex chromosome and autosome evolution yield key predictions about the genomic basis of adaptive divergence, and such models have been important in guiding empirical research in comparative genomics and studies of speciation. In addition to the adaptive differentiation that occurs between s ...
... Models of sex chromosome and autosome evolution yield key predictions about the genomic basis of adaptive divergence, and such models have been important in guiding empirical research in comparative genomics and studies of speciation. In addition to the adaptive differentiation that occurs between s ...
Caste(s): Through the Archetypal
... somewhat similar concern was expressed by Meenakshi Thapan while she was taking stock of the scope and character of Indian sociology published in the journal Contributions to Indian Sociology. She wrote in no uncertain terms that there is remarkable ‘thematic continuity’ between the Old and New seri ...
... somewhat similar concern was expressed by Meenakshi Thapan while she was taking stock of the scope and character of Indian sociology published in the journal Contributions to Indian Sociology. She wrote in no uncertain terms that there is remarkable ‘thematic continuity’ between the Old and New seri ...
Title: Genetic architecture of contemporary adaptation to biotic
... of three widespread genera of seed predator bugs that have become a textbook example of evolution in action (e.g. MOORE and MOORE 2006; FUTUYMA 2013; FREEMAN and HERRON 2013). These insects exploit a broad variety of host plants from the family Sapindaceae (CARROLL 2007). In North America and Austr ...
... of three widespread genera of seed predator bugs that have become a textbook example of evolution in action (e.g. MOORE and MOORE 2006; FUTUYMA 2013; FREEMAN and HERRON 2013). These insects exploit a broad variety of host plants from the family Sapindaceae (CARROLL 2007). In North America and Austr ...
Genetic structure of captive and free
... genetic drift still occurs (albeit at a lower rate) because of the randomness of Mendelian segregation. Consequently, captive breeding usually leads to a loss of genetic variation, differentiation from the wild population, and an increase in the frequency of alleles that are deleterious and/or parti ...
... genetic drift still occurs (albeit at a lower rate) because of the randomness of Mendelian segregation. Consequently, captive breeding usually leads to a loss of genetic variation, differentiation from the wild population, and an increase in the frequency of alleles that are deleterious and/or parti ...
Haploidy, Diploidy and Evolution of Antifungal Drug Resistance Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... of diploids was due to increased mutation availability relative to that of haploids; in effect, diploids have twice the number of mutational targets as haploids and hence have a reduced waiting time for mutations to occur. Under conditions of high drug concentration, recessive mutations in ERG3, whi ...
... of diploids was due to increased mutation availability relative to that of haploids; in effect, diploids have twice the number of mutational targets as haploids and hence have a reduced waiting time for mutations to occur. Under conditions of high drug concentration, recessive mutations in ERG3, whi ...
MQ (54) LIV 2 contents
... alleles with similar function are statistically associated at the population level, so that populations which have undergone natural selection for a particular trait will have higher frequencies of most alleles associated with that trait, compared to populations upon which selection was weaker, abse ...
... alleles with similar function are statistically associated at the population level, so that populations which have undergone natural selection for a particular trait will have higher frequencies of most alleles associated with that trait, compared to populations upon which selection was weaker, abse ...
Genome-wide search for asthma susceptibility loci in a founder
... of molecular biological techniques and the initiation of the Human Genome Project (4–6). The relatively small number of founders and recent ancestries that are characteristic of these populations facilitate the search for human disease genes and make them particularly amenable to novel analytical st ...
... of molecular biological techniques and the initiation of the Human Genome Project (4–6). The relatively small number of founders and recent ancestries that are characteristic of these populations facilitate the search for human disease genes and make them particularly amenable to novel analytical st ...
Genetic Equilibrium: Human Diversity
... • 2c. Students know how random chromosome segregation explains the probability that a particular allele will be in a gamete. • 2g. Students know how to predict possible combinations of alleles in a zygote from the genetic makeup of the parents. • 3. Genetics: A multicellular organism develops ...
... • 2c. Students know how random chromosome segregation explains the probability that a particular allele will be in a gamete. • 2g. Students know how to predict possible combinations of alleles in a zygote from the genetic makeup of the parents. • 3. Genetics: A multicellular organism develops ...
Haploidization Analysis in Penicillium chrysogenum
... (5-4pm.) than haploids (4 pm.) and were usually less variable. Haploidization analysis. A modified version of the PFA technique used with Aspergillus was employed. In order to minimize the possible selection by PFA against certain alleles, colonies were transferred from PFA medium to PFA-free medium ...
... (5-4pm.) than haploids (4 pm.) and were usually less variable. Haploidization analysis. A modified version of the PFA technique used with Aspergillus was employed. In order to minimize the possible selection by PFA against certain alleles, colonies were transferred from PFA medium to PFA-free medium ...
Using high-resolution variant frequencies to empower
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Sep. 2, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/073114. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Sep. 2, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/073114. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Genetic drift vs. natural selection in a long-term small
... have effective population sizes that are one quarter that of autosomal nuclear genes and consequently expected fixation times that are one quarter as large (Nichols 2001), lack of variability in mitochondrial DNA does not necessarily translate into low polymorphism and heterozygosity in the nuclear ...
... have effective population sizes that are one quarter that of autosomal nuclear genes and consequently expected fixation times that are one quarter as large (Nichols 2001), lack of variability in mitochondrial DNA does not necessarily translate into low polymorphism and heterozygosity in the nuclear ...
Identification of loci affecting teat number by
... to be fixed in alternative alleles in the two found breeds, respectively, and the markers of three generations (founders, F1 and F2) were used to track the QTL genotype in the F2 animals; while the SNP genotypes were considered as causative SNP genotypes in GWAS. Although we detected few significant ...
... to be fixed in alternative alleles in the two found breeds, respectively, and the markers of three generations (founders, F1 and F2) were used to track the QTL genotype in the F2 animals; while the SNP genotypes were considered as causative SNP genotypes in GWAS. Although we detected few significant ...
Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia
The study of the genetics and archaeogenetics of the ethnic groups of South Asia aims at uncovering these groups' genetic history. The geographic position of India makes Indian populations important for the study of the early dispersal of all human populations on the Eurasian continent.According to the phylogeographic distribution of haplotypes observed among South Asian populations defined by social and linguistic criteria, the possibility arose of Y-DNA haplogroup F and mtDNA Haplogroup M might have originated in South Asia. The presence of several subclusters of F-M89 and K that are largely restricted to the Indian subcontinent is consistent with the scenario that a coastal (southern route) of early human migration out of Africa carried ancestral Eurasian lineages first to the coast of the Indian subcontinent, or that some of them originated there. Studies based on mtDNA variation have reported genetic unity across various Indian sub–populations. Conclusions of studies based on Y Chromosome variation and Autosomal DNA variation have been varied, although many researchers argue that most of the ancestral nodes of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types originated in the subcontinent. Recent genome studies appear to show evidence in support of the notion that modern south Asians (both Indo-Aryans and Dravidians) are a hybrid population descending from two genetically divergent populations referred to as the 'Ancestral North Indians' related to western eurasians and the 'Ancestral South Indians' who are not closely related to groups outside the subcontinent. It has been found that the ancestral node of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types typically found in Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe are also to be found in South Asia at relatively high frequencies. The inferred divergence of this common ancestral node is estimated to have occurred slightly less than 50,000 years ago. In India the major maternal lineages, or mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups, are M, R and U, whose coalescence times have been approximated to 50,000 BP.All major Y chromosome DNA haplogroups in the subcontinent are Haplogroup F's descendant haplogroups R (mostly R2a, R2 and R1a1), L, H and J (mostly J2). Many researchers have argued that Y-DNA Haplogroup R1a1 (M17) is of autochthonous Indian origin. However, proposals for a Central Asian origin for R1a1 are also quite common.