No relationship between canalization and developmental stability of
... estimates, by means of eye lens examinations (Leirs, 1995), were available were photographed and measured twice. A set of 23 landmarks covering the whole surface of the dorsal skulls was digitized in two dimensions using ImageJ (Rasband, 1997–2011). Based on age and date of capture, the specimens we ...
... estimates, by means of eye lens examinations (Leirs, 1995), were available were photographed and measured twice. A set of 23 landmarks covering the whole surface of the dorsal skulls was digitized in two dimensions using ImageJ (Rasband, 1997–2011). Based on age and date of capture, the specimens we ...
Genetic Variation of the Major Histocompatibility Complex DRB3.2
... while Hariana is a prominent dual-purpose breed reared both as a dairy animal and for bullock production. A total of 30 different BoLADRB3.2 alleles were observed to be present in the 3 Bos indicus breeds. Certain alleles were common amongst the three breeds while there were others that were unique ...
... while Hariana is a prominent dual-purpose breed reared both as a dairy animal and for bullock production. A total of 30 different BoLADRB3.2 alleles were observed to be present in the 3 Bos indicus breeds. Certain alleles were common amongst the three breeds while there were others that were unique ...
Variation and its response to selection
... •CV allows comparison of variability of traits of very different sizes •Organisms showing determinate growth show restricted CV: •Birds have a CV of 2-4% for most traits •Microtus voles have a CV of about 10 % for body weight •CVs may be larger for organisms with indeterminate growth (e.g. fish) ...
... •CV allows comparison of variability of traits of very different sizes •Organisms showing determinate growth show restricted CV: •Birds have a CV of 2-4% for most traits •Microtus voles have a CV of about 10 % for body weight •CVs may be larger for organisms with indeterminate growth (e.g. fish) ...
Natural Selection and Genetic Drift: An Exploration of Allele
... an allele reaches deletion or fixation. For simplicity, we set a = 0.5 so that both allele A and allele B have an equal probability of going to either extreme. Figure 5 shows sample plots for populations with ten, one hundred, and one thousand individuals. As expected, there is more pronounced varia ...
... an allele reaches deletion or fixation. For simplicity, we set a = 0.5 so that both allele A and allele B have an equal probability of going to either extreme. Figure 5 shows sample plots for populations with ten, one hundred, and one thousand individuals. As expected, there is more pronounced varia ...
Genetic Allee effects and their interaction with ecological
... composition and growth rate of a population change over time, but we need to keep in mind that all results will be relative to the genetic composition of the source population. We focus on one important candidate mechanism for genetic Allee effects: inbreeding depression due to recessive deleterious ...
... composition and growth rate of a population change over time, but we need to keep in mind that all results will be relative to the genetic composition of the source population. We focus on one important candidate mechanism for genetic Allee effects: inbreeding depression due to recessive deleterious ...
Construction and Analysis of 2 Reciprocal Arabidopsis Introgression
... described in Materials and Methods. We obtained 2 homozygous basic sets consisting of 78 ILs with C24 donor segments in Col-background and 62 ILs with Col0 introgressions in C24 background (Figure 1, Table 2). Most of the created ILs contain only 1 donor segment. A second donor segment is present in ...
... described in Materials and Methods. We obtained 2 homozygous basic sets consisting of 78 ILs with C24 donor segments in Col-background and 62 ILs with Col0 introgressions in C24 background (Figure 1, Table 2). Most of the created ILs contain only 1 donor segment. A second donor segment is present in ...
Polymorphisms in Multiple Genes Contribute to the
... and are designated rho1. Both rho and rho0 cells can be propagated on a fermentable carbon source such as glucose, because they are able to generate ATP through glycolysis (Nelson and Cox 2000). However, they cannot grow on a nonfermentable carbon source such as glycerol, because under these condit ...
... and are designated rho1. Both rho and rho0 cells can be propagated on a fermentable carbon source such as glucose, because they are able to generate ATP through glycolysis (Nelson and Cox 2000). However, they cannot grow on a nonfermentable carbon source such as glycerol, because under these condit ...
Modes of Selection and Recombination Response in Drosophila
... selection. Recombination rates for markers on chromosomes 2 (dp-cn-bw) and 3 (se-ss-ro) were compared to those from a control. All lines responded as predicted for bristle number. Lines selected for both increased and decreased bristle number exhibited significantly increased recombination rates. Th ...
... selection. Recombination rates for markers on chromosomes 2 (dp-cn-bw) and 3 (se-ss-ro) were compared to those from a control. All lines responded as predicted for bristle number. Lines selected for both increased and decreased bristle number exhibited significantly increased recombination rates. Th ...
Evolutionary genetics of partial migration the threshold model of
... The threshold model of avian migration was derived from the expression of migratory activity (⫽ zugunruhe) under controlled indoor conditions, and it has hitherto only been tested in the lab. Here, I want to discuss whether the threshold model is applicable to migratory movements in natural populati ...
... The threshold model of avian migration was derived from the expression of migratory activity (⫽ zugunruhe) under controlled indoor conditions, and it has hitherto only been tested in the lab. Here, I want to discuss whether the threshold model is applicable to migratory movements in natural populati ...
Detecting copy number variants and runs of homozygosity on a
... newborns is approximately 1 in 3,500 with not all some laboratories the total percentage of UPDs causing a phenotypic effect. Around 1,100 homozygosity across the genome was considered, cases of whole chromosome UPD and whereas in other laboratories the frequency of ROH approximately 120 reports on ...
... newborns is approximately 1 in 3,500 with not all some laboratories the total percentage of UPDs causing a phenotypic effect. Around 1,100 homozygosity across the genome was considered, cases of whole chromosome UPD and whereas in other laboratories the frequency of ROH approximately 120 reports on ...
171 Estimation of admixture and detection of linkage in admixed populations... a Bayesian approach : application to African-American populations
... in admixed populations where there has been continuing gene flow from one or both founding populations. Existing methods assume that for any given individual the states of ancestry at different marker loci are independent of each other. This assumption will not hold if the marker loci are linked, be ...
... in admixed populations where there has been continuing gene flow from one or both founding populations. Existing methods assume that for any given individual the states of ancestry at different marker loci are independent of each other. This assumption will not hold if the marker loci are linked, be ...
A High Density Integrated Genetic Linkage Map of Soybean and the
... and contained a total of 1015 SSR loci (Song et al., 2004). More recently, single DNA base differences between homologous DNA fragments, plus small insertions and deletions (INDELs), collectively referred to as SNPs, were shown to be the most abundant source of DNA polymorphisms in soybean (Hyten e ...
... and contained a total of 1015 SSR loci (Song et al., 2004). More recently, single DNA base differences between homologous DNA fragments, plus small insertions and deletions (INDELs), collectively referred to as SNPs, were shown to be the most abundant source of DNA polymorphisms in soybean (Hyten e ...
Haplotypes at LBX1 Have Distinct Inheritance Patterns with
... during pediatric physical examination or during school screening [6]. The genetic component of AIS is both clear and significant as previously described [7–9], with heritability reported between 0.38 [10] and 0.87 [11]. Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have established a strong link to ...
... during pediatric physical examination or during school screening [6]. The genetic component of AIS is both clear and significant as previously described [7–9], with heritability reported between 0.38 [10] and 0.87 [11]. Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have established a strong link to ...
Bottleneck Effect on Genetic Variance: A Theoretical
... Throughout this article, symbols with subscripts 0 and F always refer to populations before and after the bottleneck event, respectively; symbols without subscripts 0 and F may refer to both. Mutation parameters: Information on rates, effects, and dominance coefficients of polygenic mutations is ava ...
... Throughout this article, symbols with subscripts 0 and F always refer to populations before and after the bottleneck event, respectively; symbols without subscripts 0 and F may refer to both. Mutation parameters: Information on rates, effects, and dominance coefficients of polygenic mutations is ava ...
quant - eweb.furman.edu
... Some social psychologists beileve that we can determine “heritability” or “genetic contribution” to a triat by examining the degree of similarity between ‘monozygotic’ (identical) and ‘dizygotic’ (fraternal) twins. If twins are reared apart (so that the environments are presumed to be randomized and ...
... Some social psychologists beileve that we can determine “heritability” or “genetic contribution” to a triat by examining the degree of similarity between ‘monozygotic’ (identical) and ‘dizygotic’ (fraternal) twins. If twins are reared apart (so that the environments are presumed to be randomized and ...
Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytochromes P450: CYP2C9, CYP2C19
... other white European populations. Our CYP2D6 genotype values (3% of homozygous mutants, with predicted phenotype of poor metabolizers, and 4% of gene duplications, with predicted phenotype of ultrarapid metabolizers) were interpolated between the values for northern and mid-European countries (9,10, ...
... other white European populations. Our CYP2D6 genotype values (3% of homozygous mutants, with predicted phenotype of poor metabolizers, and 4% of gene duplications, with predicted phenotype of ultrarapid metabolizers) were interpolated between the values for northern and mid-European countries (9,10, ...
Directional Positive Selection on an Allele of Arbitrary
... with arbitrary dominance. We find that, for a given mean fixation time, a beneficial allele has a much weaker effect on diversity at linked neutral sites when the allele is recessive. ...
... with arbitrary dominance. We find that, for a given mean fixation time, a beneficial allele has a much weaker effect on diversity at linked neutral sites when the allele is recessive. ...
The geography of introgression in a patchy environment and the
... patterns of variation may differ between selected traits/genes and neutral markers. While the genetic structure of selected traits/loci tends to coincide with habitat variables (producing Genetic-Environment Association or GEA), genetic differentiation at neutral loci unlinked to any selected locus ...
... patterns of variation may differ between selected traits/genes and neutral markers. While the genetic structure of selected traits/loci tends to coincide with habitat variables (producing Genetic-Environment Association or GEA), genetic differentiation at neutral loci unlinked to any selected locus ...
The geography of introgression in a patchy
... patterns of variation may differ between selected traits/genes and neutral markers. While the genetic structure of selected traits/loci tends to coincide with habitat variables (producing Genetic-Environment Association or GEA), genetic differentiation at neutral loci unlinked to any selected locus ...
... patterns of variation may differ between selected traits/genes and neutral markers. While the genetic structure of selected traits/loci tends to coincide with habitat variables (producing Genetic-Environment Association or GEA), genetic differentiation at neutral loci unlinked to any selected locus ...
Lec17_heritability
... additive genetic variation is the type of genetic variation that leads to offspring looking like ~ ‘average of their parents’ Defined to allow us to predict effect of selection on phenotypic distributions ...
... additive genetic variation is the type of genetic variation that leads to offspring looking like ~ ‘average of their parents’ Defined to allow us to predict effect of selection on phenotypic distributions ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Stevens et al. 1995; Wolf et al. 1998; Bonduriansky and Rowe 2005; Muir 2005), which implies that the expression of such a trait is “competition-dependent.” More generally, variation in the resource pool available to an individual may be a major determinant of overall condition (Rower and Houle 1996 ...
... Stevens et al. 1995; Wolf et al. 1998; Bonduriansky and Rowe 2005; Muir 2005), which implies that the expression of such a trait is “competition-dependent.” More generally, variation in the resource pool available to an individual may be a major determinant of overall condition (Rower and Houle 1996 ...
Change of Genetic Architecture in Response to Sex
... population contained approximately 15% sexual females and 8% males. All isolated animals were identified morphologically (BROOKS1957) as members of the Daphnia Pulex group. Production of outbred progeny: About 1000 females bearing ephippia (sexually produced resting eggs) were isolated into individu ...
... population contained approximately 15% sexual females and 8% males. All isolated animals were identified morphologically (BROOKS1957) as members of the Daphnia Pulex group. Production of outbred progeny: About 1000 females bearing ephippia (sexually produced resting eggs) were isolated into individu ...
Figure Captions - Blackwell Publishing
... frequency of a alleles is 10/24. Any given A has a frequency of 14/24 and will encounter another A with probability of 14/24 or an a with the probability of 10/24. This makes the frequency of an A–A collision (14/24)2 and an A–a collision (14/24)(10/24), just as the probability of two independent ev ...
... frequency of a alleles is 10/24. Any given A has a frequency of 14/24 and will encounter another A with probability of 14/24 or an a with the probability of 10/24. This makes the frequency of an A–A collision (14/24)2 and an A–a collision (14/24)(10/24), just as the probability of two independent ev ...
Sandpipers are medium-sized shorebirds. The table below shows
... (D) The allele frequencies changed because natural disasters often result in a shift in allele frequencies as a result of gene flow. Distractor Rationale: This answer suggests the student may understand that gene flow can be a factor in changing allele frequencies within a population, but does not u ...
... (D) The allele frequencies changed because natural disasters often result in a shift in allele frequencies as a result of gene flow. Distractor Rationale: This answer suggests the student may understand that gene flow can be a factor in changing allele frequencies within a population, but does not u ...
Dynamics of Adaptive Introgression from Archaic to Modern Humans
... Wall 2006; Hayakawa et al. 2006; Evans et al. 2006). Plagnol and Wall (2006) found that the pattern of linkage disequilibrium among SNPs in the human genome was inconsistent with an unstructured ancient population, and estimated that five percent of genetic variation in Europe and in West Africa ori ...
... Wall 2006; Hayakawa et al. 2006; Evans et al. 2006). Plagnol and Wall (2006) found that the pattern of linkage disequilibrium among SNPs in the human genome was inconsistent with an unstructured ancient population, and estimated that five percent of genetic variation in Europe and in West Africa ori ...
Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia
The study of the genetics and archaeogenetics of the ethnic groups of South Asia aims at uncovering these groups' genetic history. The geographic position of India makes Indian populations important for the study of the early dispersal of all human populations on the Eurasian continent.According to the phylogeographic distribution of haplotypes observed among South Asian populations defined by social and linguistic criteria, the possibility arose of Y-DNA haplogroup F and mtDNA Haplogroup M might have originated in South Asia. The presence of several subclusters of F-M89 and K that are largely restricted to the Indian subcontinent is consistent with the scenario that a coastal (southern route) of early human migration out of Africa carried ancestral Eurasian lineages first to the coast of the Indian subcontinent, or that some of them originated there. Studies based on mtDNA variation have reported genetic unity across various Indian sub–populations. Conclusions of studies based on Y Chromosome variation and Autosomal DNA variation have been varied, although many researchers argue that most of the ancestral nodes of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types originated in the subcontinent. Recent genome studies appear to show evidence in support of the notion that modern south Asians (both Indo-Aryans and Dravidians) are a hybrid population descending from two genetically divergent populations referred to as the 'Ancestral North Indians' related to western eurasians and the 'Ancestral South Indians' who are not closely related to groups outside the subcontinent. It has been found that the ancestral node of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types typically found in Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe are also to be found in South Asia at relatively high frequencies. The inferred divergence of this common ancestral node is estimated to have occurred slightly less than 50,000 years ago. In India the major maternal lineages, or mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups, are M, R and U, whose coalescence times have been approximated to 50,000 BP.All major Y chromosome DNA haplogroups in the subcontinent are Haplogroup F's descendant haplogroups R (mostly R2a, R2 and R1a1), L, H and J (mostly J2). Many researchers have argued that Y-DNA Haplogroup R1a1 (M17) is of autochthonous Indian origin. However, proposals for a Central Asian origin for R1a1 are also quite common.