33_An Introduction to Invertebrates (a)
... mesohyl layer between two cell layers • Amoebocytes are found in the mesohyl and play roles in digestion and structure • Most sponges are hermaphrodites: Each individual functions as both male and female ...
... mesohyl layer between two cell layers • Amoebocytes are found in the mesohyl and play roles in digestion and structure • Most sponges are hermaphrodites: Each individual functions as both male and female ...
Evolution of quantitative characters
... of a trait. Directional selection pushes the mean value of the character to the right, by the same type of selection as you’ve seen before but now acting at many loci simultaneously. The next overhead gives a formal description of the effects of directional selection. A quantitative character with t ...
... of a trait. Directional selection pushes the mean value of the character to the right, by the same type of selection as you’ve seen before but now acting at many loci simultaneously. The next overhead gives a formal description of the effects of directional selection. A quantitative character with t ...
Chapter 15 - Everglades High School
... • Natural selection causes deviations from the HardyWeinberg proportions by directly changing the frequencies of alleles. • The frequency of an allele will increase or decrease, depending on the allele’s effects on survival and ...
... • Natural selection causes deviations from the HardyWeinberg proportions by directly changing the frequencies of alleles. • The frequency of an allele will increase or decrease, depending on the allele’s effects on survival and ...
DNA and the Book of Mormon: A Phylogenetic Perspective
... From my perspective, there are two possible basic lineage histories-differing in scope, magnitude, and expectation--that one might derive from the Book of Mormon. These histories make predictions that could possibly form the basis of hypotheses that may be tested to varying degrees by means of DNA e ...
... From my perspective, there are two possible basic lineage histories-differing in scope, magnitude, and expectation--that one might derive from the Book of Mormon. These histories make predictions that could possibly form the basis of hypotheses that may be tested to varying degrees by means of DNA e ...
Toddlers Aggression Strongly Associated With Genetic Factors
... Jan. 20, 2014 — The development of physical aggression in toddlers is strongly associated with genetic factors and to a lesser degree with the environment, according to a new study led by Eric Lacourse of the University of Montreal and its affiliated CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital. Lacourse's worked wi ...
... Jan. 20, 2014 — The development of physical aggression in toddlers is strongly associated with genetic factors and to a lesser degree with the environment, according to a new study led by Eric Lacourse of the University of Montreal and its affiliated CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital. Lacourse's worked wi ...
The Making of the Fittest: Got Lactase? The Co
... in the DNA allowed Terwilliger and his colleagues to home in on a segment of DNA likely to contain the lactase persistence mutation. By comparing this segment base-by-base, across lactase-persistent and non-persistent individuals, they discovered the critical onebase difference-- a T instead of a C ...
... in the DNA allowed Terwilliger and his colleagues to home in on a segment of DNA likely to contain the lactase persistence mutation. By comparing this segment base-by-base, across lactase-persistent and non-persistent individuals, they discovered the critical onebase difference-- a T instead of a C ...
Genetic Testing Legislation Relating to Underwriting for Life Insurance
... various states in the last few years have sought to prohibit some (often just health insurers) or all insurers from underwriting on the basis of either broadly or narrowly defined genetic information or genetic tests. In this context, a "broad" definition of genetic information or genetic tests is i ...
... various states in the last few years have sought to prohibit some (often just health insurers) or all insurers from underwriting on the basis of either broadly or narrowly defined genetic information or genetic tests. In this context, a "broad" definition of genetic information or genetic tests is i ...
genetic diversity and diversity of environment: mathematical aspects
... longer holds if there are specific interactions in selective value between loci, so that the selective value of genotype A jA lij,, * *- Asi,Aiit, cannot be predicted from the selective values of A1iiAli,, A2i2.42i'2, and so forth, considered individually. This more complicated model is onily niow b ...
... longer holds if there are specific interactions in selective value between loci, so that the selective value of genotype A jA lij,, * *- Asi,Aiit, cannot be predicted from the selective values of A1iiAli,, A2i2.42i'2, and so forth, considered individually. This more complicated model is onily niow b ...
Genetic architecture of intelligence from SNP - cog
... Implications of low MAF: epistasis, additivity and all that Why is most of the variance additive? Where is the epistasis that our wet lab colleagues see every day? If most causal variants are rare (e.g., MAF < 0.1), then when two individuals differ at a locus we likely find AA vs Aa. Very few indiv ...
... Implications of low MAF: epistasis, additivity and all that Why is most of the variance additive? Where is the epistasis that our wet lab colleagues see every day? If most causal variants are rare (e.g., MAF < 0.1), then when two individuals differ at a locus we likely find AA vs Aa. Very few indiv ...
Gosner - Grandmother Theory
... expectancy in the United States, western Europe, and Japan is around 80 years, while the lifespan of people living in traditional settings with limited access to modern health care is often under 40 years. Because life expectancy is determined from the average age at death, this variability can be a ...
... expectancy in the United States, western Europe, and Japan is around 80 years, while the lifespan of people living in traditional settings with limited access to modern health care is often under 40 years. Because life expectancy is determined from the average age at death, this variability can be a ...
B3 6 mark questions
... (iii) Suggest why this behaviour may help flatworms survive in the streams where they live. ...
... (iii) Suggest why this behaviour may help flatworms survive in the streams where they live. ...
SCIENCE 9 UNIT 4:REPRODUCTION WORKSHEET 5
... Asexual Reproduction refers to an organism capable of asexual reproduction is able to produce offspring in the absence of a mate. There is only one parent New organisms made this way are exactly the same as the parent. This is because the genetic message is from just one parent. It is different from ...
... Asexual Reproduction refers to an organism capable of asexual reproduction is able to produce offspring in the absence of a mate. There is only one parent New organisms made this way are exactly the same as the parent. This is because the genetic message is from just one parent. It is different from ...
Mendelian genetics
... Gregor Mendel, 1865: discovered basic laws of genetics by focusing on particulate inheritance, going against previous approaches to heredity that focused on quantitative characters. gene: sequence of DNA coding for a protein (or in some cases, part of a protein) allele: a variant of a single gene, i ...
... Gregor Mendel, 1865: discovered basic laws of genetics by focusing on particulate inheritance, going against previous approaches to heredity that focused on quantitative characters. gene: sequence of DNA coding for a protein (or in some cases, part of a protein) allele: a variant of a single gene, i ...
Genome Research 17
... (P = 0.002), with the ratio roughly 30% larger for coding sequences that mapped to the Z chromosome. The avian karyotype differs from that of many other organisms by showing significant heterogeneity in chromosome size, including a large number of very small (<20 Mb) chromosomes, the “microchromosom ...
... (P = 0.002), with the ratio roughly 30% larger for coding sequences that mapped to the Z chromosome. The avian karyotype differs from that of many other organisms by showing significant heterogeneity in chromosome size, including a large number of very small (<20 Mb) chromosomes, the “microchromosom ...
DETECTING CRYPTIC INDIRECT GENETIC EFFECTS
... Baldwin 1896). Chief among these is the fact that when two individual animals interact, the expression of a trait involved in the social interaction such as a behavior, a physiological response, or a morphological change, may depend on the phenotypic value of a trait expressed by the interacting par ...
... Baldwin 1896). Chief among these is the fact that when two individual animals interact, the expression of a trait involved in the social interaction such as a behavior, a physiological response, or a morphological change, may depend on the phenotypic value of a trait expressed by the interacting par ...
How Symbiosis Can Guide Evolution - DEMO
... demonstrates the Baldwin effect [1]; a phenomenon whereby acquired characteristics can induce equivalent heritable characteristics. This seems like Lamarkian inheritance of acquired characteristics but it occurs without direct transfer of information from the phenotype to the genotype. Hinton and No ...
... demonstrates the Baldwin effect [1]; a phenomenon whereby acquired characteristics can induce equivalent heritable characteristics. This seems like Lamarkian inheritance of acquired characteristics but it occurs without direct transfer of information from the phenotype to the genotype. Hinton and No ...
16s rRNA Gene Similarities Indicate that Hallella seregens (Moore
... NEIGHBOR, and CONSENSE (3), we assessed the stability of the groups by bootstrapping. The 16s rRNA gene sequences of H. seregens ATCC 51272T, M. dentalis DSM 36MT, and M. multiacidus NCTC 10934T which we determined consisted of 1,463, 1,482, and 1,511 nucleotides, respectively. The 16s rRNA genes of ...
... NEIGHBOR, and CONSENSE (3), we assessed the stability of the groups by bootstrapping. The 16s rRNA gene sequences of H. seregens ATCC 51272T, M. dentalis DSM 36MT, and M. multiacidus NCTC 10934T which we determined consisted of 1,463, 1,482, and 1,511 nucleotides, respectively. The 16s rRNA genes of ...
2n gametes in the potato: essential ingredients for breeding and
... Genetic consequences associated with 2n gamete production Each meiotic mutation leading to 2n gametes is genetically equivalent to either first-division restitution (FDR) or second-division restitution (SDR) mechanisms (Peloquin 1983). Thus, for example, ps is equivalent to FDR, whereas os is equiva ...
... Genetic consequences associated with 2n gamete production Each meiotic mutation leading to 2n gametes is genetically equivalent to either first-division restitution (FDR) or second-division restitution (SDR) mechanisms (Peloquin 1983). Thus, for example, ps is equivalent to FDR, whereas os is equiva ...
The Effects of Deleterious Mutations on Evolution at
... The Hill–Robertson effect was discussed by Felsenstein (1974, 1988) in the context of interference among positively selected mutations spreading through a population, a process originally described by Fisher (1930b) and Muller (1932), as well as with reference to Muller’s ratchet. For some time, how ...
... The Hill–Robertson effect was discussed by Felsenstein (1974, 1988) in the context of interference among positively selected mutations spreading through a population, a process originally described by Fisher (1930b) and Muller (1932), as well as with reference to Muller’s ratchet. For some time, how ...
R659X mutation in the MLH1 gene in hereditary non
... Another substitution 655A>G observed in this family resulted in substitution of isoleucine with valine at codon 219. The substitution did not seem to be pathogenic given replacement of an aliphatic amino acid (isoleucine) with a similar amino acid (valine). This was further supported by inconsiste ...
... Another substitution 655A>G observed in this family resulted in substitution of isoleucine with valine at codon 219. The substitution did not seem to be pathogenic given replacement of an aliphatic amino acid (isoleucine) with a similar amino acid (valine). This was further supported by inconsiste ...
Chromosomal rearrangements in Salmonella spp. s2-2
... SPI-2 mediates survival within macrophages33'34. These pathogenicity islands distinguish different gen- ...
... SPI-2 mediates survival within macrophages33'34. These pathogenicity islands distinguish different gen- ...
Learned and Innate behavior
... 2. Has a critical period for learning 3. irreversible Why not innately identify parents? Why imprint? ‐‐ more flexibly find care‐taker or resources. ...
... 2. Has a critical period for learning 3. irreversible Why not innately identify parents? Why imprint? ‐‐ more flexibly find care‐taker or resources. ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.