Evolution of the Y-Chromosome in Primates
... However, there has been compelling evidence in Drosophila miranda populations (which has a Ychromosome that functions similar to primates) that positive selection may drive the accumulation of these deleterious mutation in the Y-chromosome (Bachtrog, 2004). This hypothesis suggests that selection ac ...
... However, there has been compelling evidence in Drosophila miranda populations (which has a Ychromosome that functions similar to primates) that positive selection may drive the accumulation of these deleterious mutation in the Y-chromosome (Bachtrog, 2004). This hypothesis suggests that selection ac ...
The Degree of Oneness
... it can be applied to GAs with any number of phenotypes. The only other implementation of diploidy in non-standard GAs was that by [Hillis 89], in his classic co-evolution paper. The method employed by Hillis for resolving a heterozygous locus was to include both alleles, while homozygous loci were r ...
... it can be applied to GAs with any number of phenotypes. The only other implementation of diploidy in non-standard GAs was that by [Hillis 89], in his classic co-evolution paper. The method employed by Hillis for resolving a heterozygous locus was to include both alleles, while homozygous loci were r ...
Review of P. Godfrey-Smith`s Darwinian populations and natural
... persistence of entities, instead of the construction of new entities, resembling their parents to some extent, at each generation (Oyama, The Ontogeny of Information, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), whereas it is entirely possible to conceive a process of ENS without any entity that pe ...
... persistence of entities, instead of the construction of new entities, resembling their parents to some extent, at each generation (Oyama, The Ontogeny of Information, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), whereas it is entirely possible to conceive a process of ENS without any entity that pe ...
Full text
... 1. Introduction. Epidemiological studies concern with models of the occurrence of diseases in space and time. They are carried out relying on mathematical models and their analysis’ tools; mathematic aids in inferring disease causes, predicting the future course of an outbreak and planning the most ...
... 1. Introduction. Epidemiological studies concern with models of the occurrence of diseases in space and time. They are carried out relying on mathematical models and their analysis’ tools; mathematic aids in inferring disease causes, predicting the future course of an outbreak and planning the most ...
Essay topics for the AP test
... 47. Explain the types of element cycling and the importance of each. Give examples of problems associated with each. 48. Discuss the generalized reactions (hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis/condensation) as they relate to the macromolecules and ATP. 49. List several differences between eukaryotic ...
... 47. Explain the types of element cycling and the importance of each. Give examples of problems associated with each. 48. Discuss the generalized reactions (hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis/condensation) as they relate to the macromolecules and ATP. 49. List several differences between eukaryotic ...
Unit F212/01 - Molecules, biodiversity, food and health
... Malaria is a disease that is estimated to kill around 80 people every hour worldwide. (a) The symptoms of malaria are caused by a single-celled organism belonging to the genus Plasmodium. (i) ...
... Malaria is a disease that is estimated to kill around 80 people every hour worldwide. (a) The symptoms of malaria are caused by a single-celled organism belonging to the genus Plasmodium. (i) ...
Genetic Algorithm to find optimal GLCM features
... The genetic algorithm (GA) is an optimization and search technique based on the principles of genetics and natural selection.GAs were first described by John Holland in the 1960s and further developed by Holland and his students and colleagues at the University of Michigan in the 1960s and 1970s.An ...
... The genetic algorithm (GA) is an optimization and search technique based on the principles of genetics and natural selection.GAs were first described by John Holland in the 1960s and further developed by Holland and his students and colleagues at the University of Michigan in the 1960s and 1970s.An ...
Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville
... abundant). For this outcome not to occur, and habitat generalization to be maintained, fitness sets need to be strongly convex, so that adaptation to one habitat incurs little or no cost as measured in adaptation to the other (which maintains a rough demographic balance between the two habitats, as ...
... abundant). For this outcome not to occur, and habitat generalization to be maintained, fitness sets need to be strongly convex, so that adaptation to one habitat incurs little or no cost as measured in adaptation to the other (which maintains a rough demographic balance between the two habitats, as ...
lecture 6 notes
... • Diabetes risk could reflect a linked gene that hasn’t been there long • Presence of many other alleles may interfere with selection on 3 and 4 • Modern environment may be different from the past • Genetic drift Human fitnesses are hard to measure, so this question is still unsolved ...
... • Diabetes risk could reflect a linked gene that hasn’t been there long • Presence of many other alleles may interfere with selection on 3 and 4 • Modern environment may be different from the past • Genetic drift Human fitnesses are hard to measure, so this question is still unsolved ...
Biol 1309 - Adaptations Adaptation – what does it mean?
... • in evolutionary biology, the term adaptation is used in two different ways: 1. can be a process: the change that occurs in a population over time as natural selection influences which organisms survive and reproduce in a particular environment 2. can refer to the result of the process: the traits ...
... • in evolutionary biology, the term adaptation is used in two different ways: 1. can be a process: the change that occurs in a population over time as natural selection influences which organisms survive and reproduce in a particular environment 2. can refer to the result of the process: the traits ...
Evolutionary significance of stress- induced mutagenesis in
... phylogenetic relatedness, but they did correlate to the environment from which the strains were isolated, specifically the host and its diet. This pattern of correlation suggests a quick modulation of SIM on an evolutionary timescale. Another interesting observation suggesting that SIM might be unde ...
... phylogenetic relatedness, but they did correlate to the environment from which the strains were isolated, specifically the host and its diet. This pattern of correlation suggests a quick modulation of SIM on an evolutionary timescale. Another interesting observation suggesting that SIM might be unde ...
Akashi+3_Genetica_98
... Comparing the evolutionary behavior of preferred and unpreferred mutations requires both the identification of candidates for major codons and inference of the direction of mutations (ancestral and derived states) in DNA. Although tRNA abundances have not been quantified in Drosophila, candidates fo ...
... Comparing the evolutionary behavior of preferred and unpreferred mutations requires both the identification of candidates for major codons and inference of the direction of mutations (ancestral and derived states) in DNA. Although tRNA abundances have not been quantified in Drosophila, candidates fo ...
Primary sex determination in the nematode C. elegans
... a process wholly independent from sex determination. For example, the single X is never inactivated in XO female mammals, whereas only one X is active in XXY male mammals. In Drosophila, dosage compensation is achieved by increasing transcription from the single X chromosome of XY flies, to match th ...
... a process wholly independent from sex determination. For example, the single X is never inactivated in XO female mammals, whereas only one X is active in XXY male mammals. In Drosophila, dosage compensation is achieved by increasing transcription from the single X chromosome of XY flies, to match th ...
Lab 8: Population Genetics and Evolution
... The Hardy-Weinberg equation describes an existing situation. If the five conditions are met, then no change will occur in either allele or genotype frequencies in the population. Of what value is such a rule? It provides a yardstick by which changes in allele frequency, and therefore evolution, can ...
... The Hardy-Weinberg equation describes an existing situation. If the five conditions are met, then no change will occur in either allele or genotype frequencies in the population. Of what value is such a rule? It provides a yardstick by which changes in allele frequency, and therefore evolution, can ...
Higher Biology
... organism any survival advantage. As a result, these harmful mutations tend to be lost quickly from a population, particularly if they are dominant alleles and lethal in their ...
... organism any survival advantage. As a result, these harmful mutations tend to be lost quickly from a population, particularly if they are dominant alleles and lethal in their ...
Next-Generation Sequencing Panel
... Access the Next-Generation of Cancer Diagnostics Finding the mutation that matters can make all the difference. ...
... Access the Next-Generation of Cancer Diagnostics Finding the mutation that matters can make all the difference. ...
The role of weak selection and high mutation rates in nearly neutral
... Mutations resulting in a small change to reproductive ability are common in both coding and non-coding regions of the genome [Ohta, 1997], arising for example via the stability of RNA folding [Aita et al., 2003], gene regulation [Ohta, 2002] and increased efficiency of shorter genomes. Under the nea ...
... Mutations resulting in a small change to reproductive ability are common in both coding and non-coding regions of the genome [Ohta, 1997], arising for example via the stability of RNA folding [Aita et al., 2003], gene regulation [Ohta, 2002] and increased efficiency of shorter genomes. Under the nea ...
Nuclear Gene Trees and the Phylogenetic Relationships of the
... Department of Anthropology, New York University Phylogenetic relationships of mangabeys within the Old World monkey tribe Papionini are inferred from analyses of nuclear DNA sequences from five unlinked loci. The following conclusions are strongly supported, based on congruence among trees derived f ...
... Department of Anthropology, New York University Phylogenetic relationships of mangabeys within the Old World monkey tribe Papionini are inferred from analyses of nuclear DNA sequences from five unlinked loci. The following conclusions are strongly supported, based on congruence among trees derived f ...
Blueprint of Life
... All forms of life are made up of DNA & RNA All organisms have a similar code Human haemoglobin studies are used to find how long since a commong ancestor More similar amino acids means more closely related Very limited difference in DNA 1% with us and chimpanzees. ...
... All forms of life are made up of DNA & RNA All organisms have a similar code Human haemoglobin studies are used to find how long since a commong ancestor More similar amino acids means more closely related Very limited difference in DNA 1% with us and chimpanzees. ...
Document
... homozygotes. Inbreeding decreases the frequency of heterozygotes, increases the frequency of homozygotes, so fitness is reduced. Dominance Hypothesis: Genetic variance for fitness is caused by rare deleterious alleles that are recessive or partly recessive; such alleles persist in populations becaus ...
... homozygotes. Inbreeding decreases the frequency of heterozygotes, increases the frequency of homozygotes, so fitness is reduced. Dominance Hypothesis: Genetic variance for fitness is caused by rare deleterious alleles that are recessive or partly recessive; such alleles persist in populations becaus ...
Natural Selection and Evolution
... each summer for many years • Documented natural selection • Results described in book “The Beak of the Finch” Thursday, January 17, 2013 ...
... each summer for many years • Documented natural selection • Results described in book “The Beak of the Finch” Thursday, January 17, 2013 ...
Hybrid breakdown between two haplodiploid species: The role of
... reproductive isolation under the biological species concept (see Otte and Endler 1987) argues that reproductive isolation is achieved by fixation of a set of interacting genes or incompatibility genes in different populations (Dobzhansky 1937; Muller 1942). This view is supported by a number of empi ...
... reproductive isolation under the biological species concept (see Otte and Endler 1987) argues that reproductive isolation is achieved by fixation of a set of interacting genes or incompatibility genes in different populations (Dobzhansky 1937; Muller 1942). This view is supported by a number of empi ...
RFX6v5 - Open Research Exeter
... Neonatal diabetes is a highly genetically heterogeneous disorder. There are over 20 distinct syndromic and non-syndromic forms, including dominant, recessive and X-linked subtypes. Biallelic truncating or missense mutations in the DNA binding domain of the RFX6 transcription factor cause an autosoma ...
... Neonatal diabetes is a highly genetically heterogeneous disorder. There are over 20 distinct syndromic and non-syndromic forms, including dominant, recessive and X-linked subtypes. Biallelic truncating or missense mutations in the DNA binding domain of the RFX6 transcription factor cause an autosoma ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.