journal.pcbi.1005006 - Explore Bristol Research
... Traditional theories of social evolution in structured populations use reproductive value to describe the fitness effects of variation in helping and harming traits [1–4]. They are applied to population structures such as the two sexes [1], juveniles and adults [3], dispersers and non-dispersers [5] ...
... Traditional theories of social evolution in structured populations use reproductive value to describe the fitness effects of variation in helping and harming traits [1–4]. They are applied to population structures such as the two sexes [1], juveniles and adults [3], dispersers and non-dispersers [5] ...
SECONDARY SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND PHYLOGENETIC
... Raff and Kaufman, 1983). Consistent with this view is the idea that phenotypic variation between sexes may be limited to particular characters in one species, which differ from those involved in dimorphism in another species. As a consequence, "closely related species differ most in secondary sexual ...
... Raff and Kaufman, 1983). Consistent with this view is the idea that phenotypic variation between sexes may be limited to particular characters in one species, which differ from those involved in dimorphism in another species. As a consequence, "closely related species differ most in secondary sexual ...
intraspecific variation in sexual isolation in the
... before eclosion. Pupae were sorted by gender into glass vials and kept at 258C until eclosion. Mating frequency was assayed according to the methods below, using one- to twoday-old adults. In each group, all possible crosses were performed in a diallel or grid format. Per replicate, two males and fi ...
... before eclosion. Pupae were sorted by gender into glass vials and kept at 258C until eclosion. Mating frequency was assayed according to the methods below, using one- to twoday-old adults. In each group, all possible crosses were performed in a diallel or grid format. Per replicate, two males and fi ...
Evolution of Human Lifespan: Past, Future, and Present
... mortality and fertility trade off antagonistically, as well as cases in which alleles affecting 20 different age-classes have randomly assigned, beneficial, or deleterious, effects on either mortality or fertility were also considered. Initial population. The initial population consists of an organi ...
... mortality and fertility trade off antagonistically, as well as cases in which alleles affecting 20 different age-classes have randomly assigned, beneficial, or deleterious, effects on either mortality or fertility were also considered. Initial population. The initial population consists of an organi ...
Exam 2 Key
... c. When parent lizards’ claws are underdeveloped because easy food sources are available, their offspring can inherit their weakened claws. d. *When a parent lizard is born with an extra finger on its claws, its offspring can inherit six-fingered claws. 9. According to the theory of natural selectio ...
... c. When parent lizards’ claws are underdeveloped because easy food sources are available, their offspring can inherit their weakened claws. d. *When a parent lizard is born with an extra finger on its claws, its offspring can inherit six-fingered claws. 9. According to the theory of natural selectio ...
Part C: Genetics
... Environmental factors combined with genetic inheritance dictate the physical appearance or phenotype of an individual. This can be observed in twin studies. e.g. ...
... Environmental factors combined with genetic inheritance dictate the physical appearance or phenotype of an individual. This can be observed in twin studies. e.g. ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... Answer all the questions. 10 x 2 = 20 01. Who is called as the father of modern enzymology? Why? 02. Define isoelectric point. 03. How is glycine prepared by strecker synthesis? 04. What are coenzymes? 05. Define rancidity of an oil. 06. Draw the structure of adenine and guanine. 07. How is the pres ...
... Answer all the questions. 10 x 2 = 20 01. Who is called as the father of modern enzymology? Why? 02. Define isoelectric point. 03. How is glycine prepared by strecker synthesis? 04. What are coenzymes? 05. Define rancidity of an oil. 06. Draw the structure of adenine and guanine. 07. How is the pres ...
Cultural Niche Construction
... matter; and bacteria fixing nutrients. Organisms also construct and destroy resources and habitat utilized by other species in their environments (‘ecosystem engineering’). These interactions connect diverse organisms and create ‘engineering control webs’ and ‘eco-evolutionary feedbacks’ that potent ...
... matter; and bacteria fixing nutrients. Organisms also construct and destroy resources and habitat utilized by other species in their environments (‘ecosystem engineering’). These interactions connect diverse organisms and create ‘engineering control webs’ and ‘eco-evolutionary feedbacks’ that potent ...
Chapter 7
... • Cnidarians: Stinging animals • Characteristics of Phylum: – Cnidocytes (stinging cells) with nematocyst capsules located on tentacles. These are used for protection and for feeding – Digestive system is incomplete (sac-like with mouth ...
... • Cnidarians: Stinging animals • Characteristics of Phylum: – Cnidocytes (stinging cells) with nematocyst capsules located on tentacles. These are used for protection and for feeding – Digestive system is incomplete (sac-like with mouth ...
lecture_16_Feb_19_Trematode-1
... The Digeneans are a large and successful group of parasites. There are about 6,000 species known. They all have complicated life cycles involving at least one intermediate host, which is normally an aquatic snail as well as the primary host which is normally a vertebrate. Digeneans as adults are fl ...
... The Digeneans are a large and successful group of parasites. There are about 6,000 species known. They all have complicated life cycles involving at least one intermediate host, which is normally an aquatic snail as well as the primary host which is normally a vertebrate. Digeneans as adults are fl ...
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle | Learn Science at Scitable
... It is important to recognize that the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a neutral equilibrium, which means that a population perturbed from its HardyWeinberg genotype frequencies will indeed reach equilibrium after a single generation of random mating (if it conforms to the other assumptions of the theo ...
... It is important to recognize that the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a neutral equilibrium, which means that a population perturbed from its HardyWeinberg genotype frequencies will indeed reach equilibrium after a single generation of random mating (if it conforms to the other assumptions of the theo ...
branchio-oto-renal syndrome
... sensorineural, conductive or mixed hearing loss with malformations of the outer, middle and inner ear. Renal malformations range from mild renal hypoplasia to bilateral renal agenesis, with some individuals progressing to end-stage renal disease later in life. Penetrance of BOR syndrome is high, alt ...
... sensorineural, conductive or mixed hearing loss with malformations of the outer, middle and inner ear. Renal malformations range from mild renal hypoplasia to bilateral renal agenesis, with some individuals progressing to end-stage renal disease later in life. Penetrance of BOR syndrome is high, alt ...
on the X chromosome of a male
... females, as diploid cells become females. Which of the following are accurate statements about bee and ant males when they are compared to species in which males are XY and diploid for the autosomes? A. Bee males have half the DNA of bee females, whereas human males have nearly the same amount of DN ...
... females, as diploid cells become females. Which of the following are accurate statements about bee and ant males when they are compared to species in which males are XY and diploid for the autosomes? A. Bee males have half the DNA of bee females, whereas human males have nearly the same amount of DN ...
Laboratory 1: Genetic Mapping In Drosophila
... are easy to cultivate and breed. In his experiments Mendel asked how traits were inherited from parent to offspring. In his experiments, he made use of mutants that were commonly used in horticulture. The phenotypes (form or trait that is visualized) he chose to study were pea color, pea shape, pod ...
... are easy to cultivate and breed. In his experiments Mendel asked how traits were inherited from parent to offspring. In his experiments, he made use of mutants that were commonly used in horticulture. The phenotypes (form or trait that is visualized) he chose to study were pea color, pea shape, pod ...
on the X chromosome of a male
... females, as diploid cells become females. Which of the following are accurate statements about bee and ant males when they are compared to species in which males are XY and diploid for the autosomes? A. Bee males have half the DNA of bee females, whereas human males have nearly the same amount of DN ...
... females, as diploid cells become females. Which of the following are accurate statements about bee and ant males when they are compared to species in which males are XY and diploid for the autosomes? A. Bee males have half the DNA of bee females, whereas human males have nearly the same amount of DN ...
Genetic Drift and Gene Flow Activities
... founds a new population in geographic isolation from the parent population. This is referred to as ‘founder effect’. Other times this process occurs when a parent population undergoes a devastating population reduction referred to as a population bottleneck. These processes both produce a situation ...
... founds a new population in geographic isolation from the parent population. This is referred to as ‘founder effect’. Other times this process occurs when a parent population undergoes a devastating population reduction referred to as a population bottleneck. These processes both produce a situation ...
Sex and Reproductive Success
... If group selection and the long-term survival of a species do not account for genetic systems, how does natural selection do so? We can first address this question by thinking about the evolution of mutation rates. Two hypotheses have been proposed: either the mutation rate has evolved to some optim ...
... If group selection and the long-term survival of a species do not account for genetic systems, how does natural selection do so? We can first address this question by thinking about the evolution of mutation rates. Two hypotheses have been proposed: either the mutation rate has evolved to some optim ...
CHAPTER 26
... effects of such rare recessive alleles. Two different varieties that have been independently subjected to selective breeding are not likely to be monomorphic for the same recessive alleles. Therefore, when two inbred varieties are crossed, the hybrids become heterozygous and carry one copy of the no ...
... effects of such rare recessive alleles. Two different varieties that have been independently subjected to selective breeding are not likely to be monomorphic for the same recessive alleles. Therefore, when two inbred varieties are crossed, the hybrids become heterozygous and carry one copy of the no ...
Hereditary Hyperferritinemia-Cataract Syndrome: Two Novel
... Kindred I. The 51-year-old male proband of English origin developed visual symptoms in his mid-thirties from cataracts, but was otherwise asymptomatic. Investigations revealed a serum ferritin of 1,389 µg/L but normal transferrin saturation. Similar abnormalities were noted in the proband’s sister, ...
... Kindred I. The 51-year-old male proband of English origin developed visual symptoms in his mid-thirties from cataracts, but was otherwise asymptomatic. Investigations revealed a serum ferritin of 1,389 µg/L but normal transferrin saturation. Similar abnormalities were noted in the proband’s sister, ...
Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
... 3. Different types of insects, fish, and lizards. These organisms can reproduce asexually through a process called parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis happens when an unfertilized egg cell grows into a new organism. The resulting organism has half the amount of genetic material of the parent. Parthenog ...
... 3. Different types of insects, fish, and lizards. These organisms can reproduce asexually through a process called parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis happens when an unfertilized egg cell grows into a new organism. The resulting organism has half the amount of genetic material of the parent. Parthenog ...
Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
... 3. Different types of insects, fish, and lizards. These organisms can reproduce asexually through a process called parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis happens when an unfertilized egg cell grows into a new organism. The resulting organism has half the amount of genetic material of the parent. Parthenog ...
... 3. Different types of insects, fish, and lizards. These organisms can reproduce asexually through a process called parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis happens when an unfertilized egg cell grows into a new organism. The resulting organism has half the amount of genetic material of the parent. Parthenog ...
laboratory 8: population genetics and evolution
... Basically, the Hardy-Weinberg equation describes the status quo. If the five conditions are met, then no change will occur in either allele or genotype frequencies in the population. Of what value is such a rule? It provides a yardstick by which changes in allele frequency, and therefore evolution, ...
... Basically, the Hardy-Weinberg equation describes the status quo. If the five conditions are met, then no change will occur in either allele or genotype frequencies in the population. Of what value is such a rule? It provides a yardstick by which changes in allele frequency, and therefore evolution, ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.