here - University of Washington
... Wright-Fisher population model Population size N is constant through time. Each individual gets replaced every generation. Next generation is drawn randomly from a large gamete pool. Only genetic drift and mutation a ect the allele frequencies. We are disregarding aside selection and gene ow for n ...
... Wright-Fisher population model Population size N is constant through time. Each individual gets replaced every generation. Next generation is drawn randomly from a large gamete pool. Only genetic drift and mutation a ect the allele frequencies. We are disregarding aside selection and gene ow for n ...
Evolutionary implications of non- neutral
... Studies that seek to demonstrate the fitness consequences of mitochondrial genetic variation are complicated by the inherent difficulty of disentangling the effects of mitochondrial genes from those of other genomes. At the very least, it is essential to control for the nuclear background. One simpl ...
... Studies that seek to demonstrate the fitness consequences of mitochondrial genetic variation are complicated by the inherent difficulty of disentangling the effects of mitochondrial genes from those of other genomes. At the very least, it is essential to control for the nuclear background. One simpl ...
COMPARING ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC VARIANCE AS
... where they might be more common than previously thought. In multicellular organisms, there are only few well-supported examples for discrete phenotypic distributions due to bet-hedging and these examples almost exclusively deal with occurrence of some type of resting stage (Hopper 1999; Evans and De ...
... where they might be more common than previously thought. In multicellular organisms, there are only few well-supported examples for discrete phenotypic distributions due to bet-hedging and these examples almost exclusively deal with occurrence of some type of resting stage (Hopper 1999; Evans and De ...
Molecular analysis of Japanese patients with steroid 21
... V281L, 1761insT, and Q318X mutations on her paternal allele. These complex alleles probably resulted from large gene conversions or multiple mutation events. Analysis of the segregation of point mutations and deletions in the 18 CAH pedigrees (20 patients) showed three de novo mutations (8% allelic ...
... V281L, 1761insT, and Q318X mutations on her paternal allele. These complex alleles probably resulted from large gene conversions or multiple mutation events. Analysis of the segregation of point mutations and deletions in the 18 CAH pedigrees (20 patients) showed three de novo mutations (8% allelic ...
Grade 7 Unit 2 Bend 3 Organisms
... In this bend, students will use their understanding of the structure of chromosomes to develop and use a model to describe the difference in genetic variation between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Then develop and use models to describe the effects of genetic mutations. LS1.B: Growth ...
... In this bend, students will use their understanding of the structure of chromosomes to develop and use a model to describe the difference in genetic variation between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Then develop and use models to describe the effects of genetic mutations. LS1.B: Growth ...
Introduction to a review series on myeloproliferative
... According to PubMed, the adjective “myeloproliferative” was used for the first time in the title of a scientific paper by William Dameshek in 1951, when he published an editorial in Blood entitled, “Some speculations on the myeloproliferative syndromes.”1 In this article, featured in the recent Blood ...
... According to PubMed, the adjective “myeloproliferative” was used for the first time in the title of a scientific paper by William Dameshek in 1951, when he published an editorial in Blood entitled, “Some speculations on the myeloproliferative syndromes.”1 In this article, featured in the recent Blood ...
Brief Communications - Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center
... viable melanocytes were present. The ashy from the head, mid-back and rump of mudeer mouse model may be useful for further tant and control deer mice were examined study of melanocyte function. under a dissection microscope. Selected mid-dorsal hairs were suspended in glycThe ashy mutant deer mouse ...
... viable melanocytes were present. The ashy from the head, mid-back and rump of mudeer mouse model may be useful for further tant and control deer mice were examined study of melanocyte function. under a dissection microscope. Selected mid-dorsal hairs were suspended in glycThe ashy mutant deer mouse ...
Diploid versus Haploid Organisms
... best individuals to survive, i.e. individuals which have less deleterious mutations and are better adapted to the current enviroment have a higher probability to survive. Haploid gametes reproduce by mitosis, mutations being the only source of variability, thus they cannot improve too much when repr ...
... best individuals to survive, i.e. individuals which have less deleterious mutations and are better adapted to the current enviroment have a higher probability to survive. Haploid gametes reproduce by mitosis, mutations being the only source of variability, thus they cannot improve too much when repr ...
Slide 1
... Human Heredity • The sickle-cell mutation to hemoglobin affects the stickiness of the hemoglobin protein surface but not its oxygen-binding ability • Heterozygous individuals have some of their red blood cells become sickled when oxygen levels become low this may explain why the sickle-cell allele ...
... Human Heredity • The sickle-cell mutation to hemoglobin affects the stickiness of the hemoglobin protein surface but not its oxygen-binding ability • Heterozygous individuals have some of their red blood cells become sickled when oxygen levels become low this may explain why the sickle-cell allele ...
Ocean Acidification
... Hypercapnia (too much CO2 in blood) Nutrient uptake and limitation Reduced gene expression Sensory perception ...
... Hypercapnia (too much CO2 in blood) Nutrient uptake and limitation Reduced gene expression Sensory perception ...
Chapter 11
... Human Heredity • The sickle-cell mutation to hemoglobin affects the stickiness of the hemoglobin protein surface but not its oxygen-binding ability • Heterozygous individuals have some of their red blood cells become sickled when oxygen levels become low this may explain why the sickle-cell allele ...
... Human Heredity • The sickle-cell mutation to hemoglobin affects the stickiness of the hemoglobin protein surface but not its oxygen-binding ability • Heterozygous individuals have some of their red blood cells become sickled when oxygen levels become low this may explain why the sickle-cell allele ...
Adaptation from standing genetic variation
... One effect of this extra time is that it provides greater opportunity for recombination to break up the association between the soon-to-be-favored site and neutral variants at all but the nearest sites [9]. The result is that, on average, the valley of low polymorphism that accompanies fixation of a ...
... One effect of this extra time is that it provides greater opportunity for recombination to break up the association between the soon-to-be-favored site and neutral variants at all but the nearest sites [9]. The result is that, on average, the valley of low polymorphism that accompanies fixation of a ...
Wednesday, September 5
... Genetic variation produced in sexual life cycles contributes to evolution Fruit flies have a diploid number of 8, and honeybees have a diploid number of 32. Assuming no crossing over, is the genetic variation among offspring from the same two parents likely to be greater in fruit flies or in honeybe ...
... Genetic variation produced in sexual life cycles contributes to evolution Fruit flies have a diploid number of 8, and honeybees have a diploid number of 32. Assuming no crossing over, is the genetic variation among offspring from the same two parents likely to be greater in fruit flies or in honeybe ...
Darwin`s Finches
... Now that the practice is over, on to the life and death competition. You have 30 seconds to get enough food to survive and more importantly, to reproduce. The bird with the LEAST amount of food at the end of the round dies and doesn’t pass on its genes. The bird with the MOST calories has lots of ba ...
... Now that the practice is over, on to the life and death competition. You have 30 seconds to get enough food to survive and more importantly, to reproduce. The bird with the LEAST amount of food at the end of the round dies and doesn’t pass on its genes. The bird with the MOST calories has lots of ba ...
Marin, I., and Baker, B. S.
... There is substantial cytogenetic data indicating that the process of sex determination can evolve relatively rapidly. However, recent molecular studies on the evolution of the regulatory genes that control sex determination in the insect Drosophila melanogaster, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, ...
... There is substantial cytogenetic data indicating that the process of sex determination can evolve relatively rapidly. However, recent molecular studies on the evolution of the regulatory genes that control sex determination in the insect Drosophila melanogaster, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, ...
CURRICULUM VITAE Astrid Groot - Max Planck Institute for
... (oral presentation: "Can intraspecific variation in pheromone communication lead to speciation in moths?") IXth Congress European Society for Evolutionary Biology, Leeds, UK, 2003 (oral presentation: "Evolution of moth pheromone communication systems") The 3rd International Symposium on Insect P ...
... (oral presentation: "Can intraspecific variation in pheromone communication lead to speciation in moths?") IXth Congress European Society for Evolutionary Biology, Leeds, UK, 2003 (oral presentation: "Evolution of moth pheromone communication systems") The 3rd International Symposium on Insect P ...
Monohybrid Crosses Name In foxes, red coat color is determined by
... What are the chances of getting pure brown-eyed offspring? 0%. How about the chances of getting a hybrid brown-eyed offspring? 100% How about getting a blue-eyed offspring? 0% 11. A heterozygous brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman. What are the chances there will be a homozygous brown-eyed offs ...
... What are the chances of getting pure brown-eyed offspring? 0%. How about the chances of getting a hybrid brown-eyed offspring? 100% How about getting a blue-eyed offspring? 0% 11. A heterozygous brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman. What are the chances there will be a homozygous brown-eyed offs ...
- Wiley Online Library
... the environment common to litter mates before birth (tangible environment). In an outbred control population, 42% of the phenotypic variation in piebald pattern could be attributed to genes but, unexpectedly, the contribution of the tangible environment was very small. Wright hypothesized that the r ...
... the environment common to litter mates before birth (tangible environment). In an outbred control population, 42% of the phenotypic variation in piebald pattern could be attributed to genes but, unexpectedly, the contribution of the tangible environment was very small. Wright hypothesized that the r ...
Linking the emergence of fungal plant diseases with ecological
... populations that already appeared differentiated while still sub-optimally adapted to their novel host plants were found to be sympatric with their original hosts [23,24]. Host shifts have also been involved in cases of recent emerging diseases due to introductions of fungal pathogens into new conti ...
... populations that already appeared differentiated while still sub-optimally adapted to their novel host plants were found to be sympatric with their original hosts [23,24]. Host shifts have also been involved in cases of recent emerging diseases due to introductions of fungal pathogens into new conti ...
NAME
... interaction between blue acara and pike cichlids. If competition were a factor between acara and rivulus (or cichlids), then fitness of each should go up following either experiment. This would support the prediction of competition b/c when populations compete, fitness for both is reduced through th ...
... interaction between blue acara and pike cichlids. If competition were a factor between acara and rivulus (or cichlids), then fitness of each should go up following either experiment. This would support the prediction of competition b/c when populations compete, fitness for both is reduced through th ...
Social transmission of reproductive behavior increases frequency of
... discrepancy between these two values can be explained by more differential migration in the 18th century (17). Changes in Gene Frequencies. Table 2 gives the mean number of founders with a given probability P that one of the two alleles that they introduced in the population reached the observed dis ...
... discrepancy between these two values can be explained by more differential migration in the 18th century (17). Changes in Gene Frequencies. Table 2 gives the mean number of founders with a given probability P that one of the two alleles that they introduced in the population reached the observed dis ...
Pleiotropy and eye degeneration in cavefish
... partial recovery of eye development after a normal surface fish lens was transplanted into a cavefish optic cup during embryogenesis (Yamamoto and Jeffery, 2000). However, no such claim is made in this or subsequent lens transplantation studies, which instead conclude that at least two processes gov ...
... partial recovery of eye development after a normal surface fish lens was transplanted into a cavefish optic cup during embryogenesis (Yamamoto and Jeffery, 2000). However, no such claim is made in this or subsequent lens transplantation studies, which instead conclude that at least two processes gov ...
Shifts between Bee and Bird Pollination in Penstemons
... In the rest of the chapter, we envision lineages evolving from mostly bee pollination toward first including hummingbird pollination and then excluding nectar-feeding bees. In some instances, penstemons may have evolved in the opposite direction (at present, the phylogeny is not resolved sufficientl ...
... In the rest of the chapter, we envision lineages evolving from mostly bee pollination toward first including hummingbird pollination and then excluding nectar-feeding bees. In some instances, penstemons may have evolved in the opposite direction (at present, the phylogeny is not resolved sufficientl ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.