Monitoring transgenic animals
... All lines where a heritable genetic manipulation may have consequences for the welfare of the mouse Need for development of a welfare profile that can be shared between institutions along with the mouse line ...
... All lines where a heritable genetic manipulation may have consequences for the welfare of the mouse Need for development of a welfare profile that can be shared between institutions along with the mouse line ...
Why does Evolution Matter? The Importance of Understanding
... Modern biology feeds evolutionary theory, while the latter is nourished by explanations supplied by modern biology, in a fruitful two-way interaction. For instance, we need evolutionary theory to understand the nature of disease, but modern biology also provides evidence of the complex interactions ...
... Modern biology feeds evolutionary theory, while the latter is nourished by explanations supplied by modern biology, in a fruitful two-way interaction. For instance, we need evolutionary theory to understand the nature of disease, but modern biology also provides evidence of the complex interactions ...
Genetic Algorithms: A Tutorial
... • After meiotic division 2 gametes appear in the process • In reproduction two gametes conjugate to a zygote wich will become the new individual • Hence genetic information is shared between the parents in order to create new offspring Page 6 ...
... • After meiotic division 2 gametes appear in the process • In reproduction two gametes conjugate to a zygote wich will become the new individual • Hence genetic information is shared between the parents in order to create new offspring Page 6 ...
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) gentleman naturalist
... species could arise by means still active around us. Darwin's idiosyncratic eclecticism led him to investigate some unconventional bodies of evidence. He made countless inquiries of animal breeders, both farmers and hobbyists like pigeon fanciers, trying to understand how they made distinct breeds o ...
... species could arise by means still active around us. Darwin's idiosyncratic eclecticism led him to investigate some unconventional bodies of evidence. He made countless inquiries of animal breeders, both farmers and hobbyists like pigeon fanciers, trying to understand how they made distinct breeds o ...
The Nature of Genetic Influences on Behavior
... in behavioral traits in simpler organisms has come with the advent of DNA microarray technology. With these methods, it is possible to directly examine differences in expressed levels of mRNA between strains selected for behavioral differences. This approach does not directly measure the number of a ...
... in behavioral traits in simpler organisms has come with the advent of DNA microarray technology. With these methods, it is possible to directly examine differences in expressed levels of mRNA between strains selected for behavioral differences. This approach does not directly measure the number of a ...
Chapter 13 - Everglades High School
... are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and will reproduce more successfully than those that do not have such traits. • Darwin called this differential rate of reproduction ...
... are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and will reproduce more successfully than those that do not have such traits. • Darwin called this differential rate of reproduction ...
cf genetics
... American College of Medical Genetics Recommended Cystic Fibrosis Mutation Panel.” Journal of Molecular Diagnostics 8: 371-375. 10. How many different mutations had been found in the CFTR gene when this article was written? 11. How many of these CFTR mutations can be detected by the Tag-It CFTR 40 + ...
... American College of Medical Genetics Recommended Cystic Fibrosis Mutation Panel.” Journal of Molecular Diagnostics 8: 371-375. 10. How many different mutations had been found in the CFTR gene when this article was written? 11. How many of these CFTR mutations can be detected by the Tag-It CFTR 40 + ...
The Origin of Species
... adaptation to the environment and the origin of new species as closely related processes From studies made years after Darwin’s voyage, biologists have concluded that this is what happened to the Galápagos finches ...
... adaptation to the environment and the origin of new species as closely related processes From studies made years after Darwin’s voyage, biologists have concluded that this is what happened to the Galápagos finches ...
The Population Genetic Theory of Hidden Variation and
... goes back to Waddington (1957), who originally introduced the concept as canalization. Waddington gave a simple, intuitive argument why wild types should evolve buffering: For a well-adapted trait almost all mutations with an effect on this trait are deleterious. For this reason, any modifier that r ...
... goes back to Waddington (1957), who originally introduced the concept as canalization. Waddington gave a simple, intuitive argument why wild types should evolve buffering: For a well-adapted trait almost all mutations with an effect on this trait are deleterious. For this reason, any modifier that r ...
Self-fertilization in mosses: a comparison of heterozygote
... only one generation (McCauley et al., 1985), the assumption of equilibrium conditions for Eq. (3) will always apply. In this way, assuming the absence of other factors (e.g. no selection, genetic drift or microspatial population structuring), Wright’s fixation index (FIS) is equal to the inbreeding ...
... only one generation (McCauley et al., 1985), the assumption of equilibrium conditions for Eq. (3) will always apply. In this way, assuming the absence of other factors (e.g. no selection, genetic drift or microspatial population structuring), Wright’s fixation index (FIS) is equal to the inbreeding ...
From genomes to function: haloarchaea as model organisms
... However, some processes can only be investigated at the protein level, e.g. post-translational modification or processing, intracellular localization of proteins in subproteomes, or persistence of proteins after message degradation. These can be addressed by proteome analysis, and several examples f ...
... However, some processes can only be investigated at the protein level, e.g. post-translational modification or processing, intracellular localization of proteins in subproteomes, or persistence of proteins after message degradation. These can be addressed by proteome analysis, and several examples f ...
Chelatococcus sambhunathii sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic
... majority of bacterial species belonging to the most recent lines of descent, such as the Proteobacteria, are mesophilic, although slightly thermophilic, moderately thermophilic and even extremely thermophilic species have been described from these bacterial lineages. The Alphaproteobacteria includes ...
... majority of bacterial species belonging to the most recent lines of descent, such as the Proteobacteria, are mesophilic, although slightly thermophilic, moderately thermophilic and even extremely thermophilic species have been described from these bacterial lineages. The Alphaproteobacteria includes ...
Chapter 2 - Test Bank 1
... 61. Explain the mechanics of the scientific method in detail. 62. What does it mean to say that science is self-correcting? Be sure to include the terms data, falsifiable, and paradigm in your discussion. 63. What does fixity of species mean? Explain the history of this idea from Aristotle to the Re ...
... 61. Explain the mechanics of the scientific method in detail. 62. What does it mean to say that science is self-correcting? Be sure to include the terms data, falsifiable, and paradigm in your discussion. 63. What does fixity of species mean? Explain the history of this idea from Aristotle to the Re ...
Evolution Of flowers And Inflorescences
... normally go on to form the cauline leaf, into the meristem of the secondary inflorescence. Within the main raceme of Alyssum, the lfy gene acts as it does in Arabidopsis, recruiting cells into the secondary meristem and switching its identity to that of a floral meristem. The emergence of the bractl ...
... normally go on to form the cauline leaf, into the meristem of the secondary inflorescence. Within the main raceme of Alyssum, the lfy gene acts as it does in Arabidopsis, recruiting cells into the secondary meristem and switching its identity to that of a floral meristem. The emergence of the bractl ...
Quantitative genetics and breeding theory
... copies of the same original gene in some ancestor. ...
... copies of the same original gene in some ancestor. ...
Grammar based function definition in Grammatical Evolution.
... During the genotype to phenotype mapping process it is possible for individuals to run out of codons, and in this case we wrap the individual, and reuse the codons. This is quite an unusual approach in EA’s, as it is entirely possible for certain codons to be used two or more times. The technique of ...
... During the genotype to phenotype mapping process it is possible for individuals to run out of codons, and in this case we wrap the individual, and reuse the codons. This is quite an unusual approach in EA’s, as it is entirely possible for certain codons to be used two or more times. The technique of ...
Molecular Phylogeny
... • Each node of a tree is an estimation of the ancestor of the elements included in this node; • There are 3 main classes of phylogenetic methods for constructing phylogenies from sequence data : Methods directly based on sequences : • Maximum Parsimony : find a phylogenetic tree that explains the da ...
... • Each node of a tree is an estimation of the ancestor of the elements included in this node; • There are 3 main classes of phylogenetic methods for constructing phylogenies from sequence data : Methods directly based on sequences : • Maximum Parsimony : find a phylogenetic tree that explains the da ...
Pair-wise sequence alignment
... Example: transmembrane proteins, which might have different ends sticking out of the cell membrane, but have common 'middleparts' For comparing long DNA sequences with a short one Comparing a gene with a complete genome For detecting similarities between highly diverged sequences which still share c ...
... Example: transmembrane proteins, which might have different ends sticking out of the cell membrane, but have common 'middleparts' For comparing long DNA sequences with a short one Comparing a gene with a complete genome For detecting similarities between highly diverged sequences which still share c ...
missense meanderings in sequence space
... Biological considerations described in the main text indicate that ∆Gopt ranges between –4 and –8 kcal mol–1 and σ∆G is approximately 2–3 kcal mol–1, although these parameter values are likely to vary among proteins. A representative fitness function for an essential protein derived using this model ...
... Biological considerations described in the main text indicate that ∆Gopt ranges between –4 and –8 kcal mol–1 and σ∆G is approximately 2–3 kcal mol–1, although these parameter values are likely to vary among proteins. A representative fitness function for an essential protein derived using this model ...
Document
... Individuals with qualities best suited to the environment are more likely to propagate: “survival of the fittest” Sources of variation: 1. Mutation: changes in genetic material 2. Recombination: offspring receives 2 slightly different copies (alleles) of each gene from parents Genus: collection of c ...
... Individuals with qualities best suited to the environment are more likely to propagate: “survival of the fittest” Sources of variation: 1. Mutation: changes in genetic material 2. Recombination: offspring receives 2 slightly different copies (alleles) of each gene from parents Genus: collection of c ...
Species Tree Estimation using Maximum Likelihood Version 1.1
... represent slower cooling (increased search time but less chance of returning a locally optimal solution) and values closer to 1 result in more rapid cooling (shorter search time but trees found are more likely to be only locally optimal). The default value given in the settings file should be adequa ...
... represent slower cooling (increased search time but less chance of returning a locally optimal solution) and values closer to 1 result in more rapid cooling (shorter search time but trees found are more likely to be only locally optimal). The default value given in the settings file should be adequa ...
The Birth- and- Death Evolution of Multigene Families Revisited
... 2 descendent ones, the members of a repeated gene family would evolve together as a block, displaying a high degree of homogeneity within a given descendant species as they gradually diverged with respect to repeats from closely related species. Under this model, sequence homogenization results from ...
... 2 descendent ones, the members of a repeated gene family would evolve together as a block, displaying a high degree of homogeneity within a given descendant species as they gradually diverged with respect to repeats from closely related species. Under this model, sequence homogenization results from ...
genetics laboratory manual
... the plug in place so flies don’t escape) containing larvae and pupae and adults under a dissecting microscope. Record your observations about different stages of the larvae and pupae, and draw pictures of them. Larvae: You should see three different sizes of larvae, representing the three larval ins ...
... the plug in place so flies don’t escape) containing larvae and pupae and adults under a dissecting microscope. Record your observations about different stages of the larvae and pupae, and draw pictures of them. Larvae: You should see three different sizes of larvae, representing the three larval ins ...
Inclusive fitness
... fitness and, because of limited dispersal, they might be related to the taller individual and thus share the "tallness" genes. As a result, this would contribute a negative fitness force to such genes. In short, if what's good for the individual is bad for the group, and if there is some within-grou ...
... fitness and, because of limited dispersal, they might be related to the taller individual and thus share the "tallness" genes. As a result, this would contribute a negative fitness force to such genes. In short, if what's good for the individual is bad for the group, and if there is some within-grou ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.